Краткий курс фонетики и разговорной практики английского языка
методическая разработка по английскому языку (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 класс) на тему

Предлагаю Вашему вниманию четыре занятия, которые содержат краткий вводный курс фонетики и разговорной практики. Эти занятия рассчитаны на обучающихся английскому языку, как второму иностранному.  

Фонетический курс разделен на три этапа – 1. переднеязычные гласные и согласные,  2.среднеязычные гласные, 3. Заднеязычные гласные и дифтонги.

Для разговорной практики выбраны темы повседневного общения, Настоящее простое и Настоящее длительное времена.

Unit 1

Vocabulary: countries and nationalities, time;  daily routines; everyday and free-time activities; jobs, sports and hobbies

Communication: giving personal information

Speaking: expressing likes/ dislikes; agreeing/ disagreeing; talking about jobs/ daily routines; talking about everyday and free-time activities

Grammar: present simple, adverbs of frequency; present continuous; present continuous with future meaning; prepositions of time

Begin with phonetic drill: четыре переднеязычных гласных звука –

-pig, English, thing, fill, fist, gym, typical

- tree, green, freedom, be, tea, seafood, read, peace, piece

- ten, pen, desk, letter, deaf, leather, whether, weather, measure

- cat, manner, daddy, lash, ashtray, pan, ban, tan

 Согласные звуки произносятся на бугорках за зубами, можно в рот взять ручку чайной ложки и ею отодвинуть язык немного за зубы ( Consonant sounds are pronounced with you tongue behind the teeth)

N –L

T – D

S – Z

SH – ZH

CH –G

R- по месту артикуляции там где русский «ж»

NG – NK- открыть рот и сказать этот звук sing, English, evening, sink

P, T ,K –произносятся с придыханием – candle, time, plate

TH – TH – глухой и звонкий – this, weather, mother

                                                     Three, path, teeth

На счет th  правила нет. Смотреть в словаре и запоминать – звонкий он или глухой. В любом случай произносится  поместив кончик языка между верхними и нижними зубами – звонкий с голосом, глухой – нет

K – G как в русском, только К – с придыханием

V – F  на звук V закусить нижнюю губу –very, every, vast, vain

W – губы вместе – врозь

EX.1 form the nationalities. Which of the countries are in Europe, America, Africa, Asia?

Brazil - , China –, Egypt-, England, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey, The USA, Canada, Poland, Korea

A: What`s your name?

B; Ricky

A: And your surname?

B: Connors

A: Can you spell that, please?

B: C-O-double N- O-R-S

A: What nationality are you, Ricky?

B: I`m American

A: Where are you from in America?

B: I`m from California

Закрыть диалог и попрактиковать на других примерах

Anita Eder – Ausrtia – Vienna

Pierre Durall- France –Paris

Keiko Miaggi – Japan, Tokyo

Velia Rabal – Spain – Madrid

Rosa Feres – Brazil, Brasilia

Задайте последний вопрос  - как её зовут, откуда она и т.д.

Задайте вопрос What time is it now?

Повторите время

O`clock – с ровным количеством времени – 5 o`clock

Half past, quarter past ( говорим час, который был)

Quarter to – говорим час который будет  - quarter to 7 –без четверти 7

Время можно говорить 2-мя способами

- 7:50 – ten to eight или seven fifty

Ex.2

1. What time/ Tim get up? ( 7:00)
2. What time/ he/ have breakfast? (7:30)
3. What time/ he/ catch the train to work/ (8:15)
4. What/he/do at 18 :30? ( have dinner)
5. When/he/go to bed? (10:00)

Ex.3

1. What time do you get up? Have breakfast? Start work? Go to bed? Скажи ей что правду говорить необязательною
2. Do you go to bed early on Saturdays?
3. How do you spend your weekdays: in the morning/ at noon/ in the afternoon/? In the evening
4. Is there anything that you do only on Sundays? (I go to the swimming pool on Sundays)

Use first, then, after that, finally to speak about your daily morning/ evening routine

     I usually get up at 7 o`clock. First, I have a shower, then…

Prepositions of time

At :  the time - at 7 o`clock

        Holidays – at Easter

        The expressions – at midday, at the moment, at noon, at night, at the weekend

On:  days – on Monday, on New Year`s Eve

         Dates - on the 2-nd of May

In: months – in April

     Seasons – in spring

    Years – in 1979

     In expressions – in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon

Ex. 4  in, on, at

1. I have a German class  … Monday
2. My Art class finishes …quarter past 6… the evening.
3. …Tuesdays I visit my grandparents.
4. I usually get up early…the morning and go for a run in the park.
5. I like to take a nap …the afternoon.
6. She likes to read … Sunday afternoons.
7. He usually goes to bed …ten o`clock…night.

Ex.5 Match the verbs to the nouns    part “A”

1. look after       a. customers
2. report             b. money
3. serve              c. wooden furniture
4. play                d. music on the radio
5. type                e. sick people
6. make              f. letters
7. design            g. buildings
8. handle            h. the news

                                                    part “B”

1. Look after sick people                             a. shop assistant
2. type letters and answer the phone           b. journalist
3. serve customers                                       c. nurse
4. make wooden furniture                           d. carpenter
5. report the news                                        e. DJ
6. design clothes                                          f. secretary
7. play records on the radio                         g. hairdresser
8. cut hair                                                    h. fashion designer
9. design  buildings                                     i. accountant                          
10. keep financial accounts                          j. architect

E.g. a – 3 A shop assistant is someone  who serves customers.

Задайте вопрос : What are you? Или What do you do ?

                          What do you like doing in your free time?

FREE TIME ACTIVITIES: shopping, eating out, snorkeling, climbing, cycling, ice-skating, scuba diving, canoeing, water-skiing, fishing, cutting the grass, surfing the net, cooking, rollerblading, gardening, reading books.

Ex.6 Talk as in the example. После нижеданных слов идет герундий!!!!

 *I like/ enjoy…   * I hate…* I don`t mind…

* I`m good at… * I can`t stand…

A: I like rollerblading.

 B: So do I/ Really? I don`t

A: I can`t stand fishing.

B: Neither do I/ Oh,I don`t mind

Ex. 7 Match  letters and numbers

a. I hate watching horror films.

b. Nina and Peter enjoy ball-dancing.

c. Alice doesn`t mind shopping

d. Tim is good at scuba diving

e. They can`t stand fishing

f. My friends are good at horse riding

1. So are me friends. They have a farm.

2. I don`t mind it. But I`m not as good as he is.

3. So do I. I CAN`T STAND THEM

4. Really? Kate and Tom don`t. They love ice-skating.

5. Neither does her husband.

6. Neither can I and my sister

Unit 2

Grammar: Present Simple and Present Continuous

Ex.1 Read the text and identify the tenses in bold

* Hi! I`m  Sandra and I`m a secretary. I work for an Insurance company. Every day from 9.00 am to 5.00 pm I talk to customers or work on the computer.

I love my job. At the moment, I`m typing a letter for my boss. Next week I`m going to the Caribbean. I`m looking forward to it.

** Which tense does Sarah use to describe:

1. a daily routine?...

2. a permanent state?...

3. an action happening at the moment of speaking?...

4. a fixed arrangement in the near future?...

5. an action happening around the moment of speaking?...

( В 5-ом имеется ввиду –  действие происходит в период времени, включающий в себя момент речи. Напр. Она сейчас пишет курсовую. (She is writing her course work at present) – Она в момент речи может её и не писать а сидеть в кафе, но в данный период времени она занимается этим делом.

-What is he doing now?

- He is looking for a new flat.)

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY:

Эти наречия указывают и употребляются с Present Simple)

Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never

В предложение они стоят на втором месте: He always goes to the swimming pool in Sunday

Или на третьем, если в предложении есть глаголы –be, can, will, must, don`t.

She is often late to work.

You can always come to visit us when you are here.

I will never forget that day.

В вопросительных предложениях  на первом месте стоит вопросительное слово или вспомогательный глагол ,далее - подлежащее и наречие –What do you usually have for breakfast?  Does he often go to the cinema?

Ex.2 Put an adverb in the right place.

1. They visit their parents in the summer. (sometimes)

2. Sandra watches TV tin the evening. (never)

3. We don`t go jogging in the afternoon. (often)

4. Wendy listens to music in the car. ( sometimes)

5. My parents play tennis at weekends ( rarely).

6. Greg is at home in the mornings. (seldom)

7. Does Lisa drive carefully. (always)

8. Mary and I aren`t at the office before 10 o`clock. (usually)

Окончание глаголов в настоящем простом времени  в 3 лице единственном числе  

+s                                 sets

Ss, sh, ch, x, o + es      dresses

Vowel + y + s              plays

Consonant + y= ies     try – tries

Scratch, say, try, set, play, do, stop, miss, stay, fry, drive, fix, cry, freeze, teach, pray, crash, fly, go – поставить глаголы в 3 лицо ед ч.

Орфография при образовании формы глагола в Present continuous

+ ing                                   drawing

-ie=y + ing                          lying

- e  goes out before ing       diving

- удваивается согласная на конце, если перед ней стоит короткая гласная

   (double consonant at the end if preceded by a short vowel) – put – putting

Ex.3

Ask and answer as in the example.

Irene – hairdresser – talk on the phone

A: What is Irene?

B: She is a hairdresser.

A: What does she do at work?

B: She cuts hair.

A: Is she cutting hair now?

B: No, she isn`t. She is talking on the phone.

Ron & Alice – journalists – do a crossword

Sheila – accountant – make salsd

Bob – vet – do the shopping

Ex. 4 Look at Nina and Fred`s notes, ask and answer as in the example. ( в этом упражнении можно также задавать вопросы What are they doing on Monday? и т.п.

A: Are they having a barbecue on Tuesday?

B: No, they`re not. They`re visiting their parents.

Sunday:                       have barbecue

Monday:                      see a play

Tuesday:                      visit parents

Wednesday:                 play tennis

Thursday:                     take dog to the vet

Friday:                          take children to the circus

Saturday:                       go to a garage sale

Ex. 5 Put the verbs into present simple or present continuous.

 Which of them refer to the present/ future?

1.We usually………..(go) to work by bike.

2. Look at David. Ht………..(make) lunch.

3. Josh………(play) tennis this afternoon.

4. They ….(fly) to Madrid next Friday.

5. I ……. (go) sailing. Fancy joining me?

6. ………..( you/ want) to try rock climbing while you`re here?

7. Hе……..(not like) fishing.

8. Jane…….. (look for) a new flat at the moment.

Ex 6 Fill in the correct verb from the list in the pres.simple or pres.continuous. Which of them refer to the present/ future?

*come, * move, * visit, * cook, * fix, * do, * listen, * leave

1. I … spaghetti tonight. Do you want to come over?

2. They …. Their parents next weekend.

3. Can you turn the music down please? I…………….. my homework.

4. George……. For Buenos Aires next week.

5. He can`t hear you. He……. To his favourite CD.

6. My sister ….. to Berlin next month. She`s  got a job there.

8. Dad …… the car in the garage.

Ex.7 Put the verbs into pres.simple or pres.continuous.

1. Jerry usually (do) his homework in the evening but now he (watch) TV.

2. Wendy….. (not/ drive) to work. She always (take) a train.

3. We…(go) climbing tomorrow. …(you/ want) to join us?

4. A: …(she /live) in New York?

   B: Yes, but at the moment she .. (stay) with a friend in London.

5. Peter and Andrew… (be) journalists. This Monday they…(fly) to Brazil/

6. Sally sometimes… (play) tennis after work. Today, she …(go0 to the cinema, though.

7. A: … (you/meet) your friends later?

    B: Yes, fancy joining us?

Фонетика

Вторая «порция» гласных.

Bird, girl, third, fur, furniture, church, prefer, early, learn, earth, work, world, work

Sister, letter, better, weather, about, conclusion, mirror, father , на которую не падает ударение, превращается в нейтральный (  Every vowel which is not stressed turns into a neutral sound)

Gun, cut, button, country, couple, money, honey, front, come

Clothes:

Wear – wore – worn

He is wearing a sweater and jeans. ( можно попросить распространить это предложение цветами)

What is he wearing? What are you wearing?

To have something on.

He has a sweater and jeans on.

To put on/ to take of ( Take of your shoes when you enter the gym)

To try something on . Can I try this jacket on. Where can I try it on?

List of clothes : сotton T-shirt, denim dress, short-sleeved shirt, dinner jacket, V-neck pullover, spotted tie, fur – coat, baggy trousers, long-sleeved cardigan, straw hat, waistcoat, striped shorts, sued belt, polo neck jumper, high-heeled/ low-heeled shoes, boots, high boots, plain trousers, checked skirt, leggings, evening dress, silk scarf, woolen jumper, plastic raincoat.

Which are

• menswear?          - footwear?
• ladieswear?         - accessories?

Which clothes from the list are casual? Which are formal?

Do you prefer to wear formal clothes or casual clothes

What do you wear when you go:

• to a wedding reception?
• On a trip?
• To a restaurant for a formal dinner
• On a picnic?

What size are you: small, medium, large, extra large?

Match ( to go with)– in colour. These buttons don`t match your blouse.

To fit – in size. This dress doesn`t fit me.

Suit – in general. This style suits her.

Look – смотреться These jeans will look lovely on her

A.  Fill in match, fit, suit, look

Salesman: Good morning. Can I help you?

Mrs.Jones: Good morning. I`d like to buy an outfit for my daughter – a nice dress with a jacket       

to 1)……………

S.:      How about this?

M.J.   Oh, that`s nice! I think that will really 2)……………..her.

S.:      What size is she?

M.J.:   Medium will 3)…….her very well.

S.:      Here you are – and here`s the jacket to go with it.

M.J.:   I`m sure they`ll 4)….. lovely on her

B.  Use the prompts to act out similar dialogues

• son – pair of trousers – jumper – small
• mother – skirt – cardigan – extra large

Jar, bag, carton, glass, bowl, loaf, packet, bar, piece, box, tin, cup, bottle, kilo, slice

A loaf/ slice   of bread, cheese, ham, sausage

a….of milk                                        a…..of potatoes

a…. of chocolate                               a….. of sardines

a….. of water                                    a…… of cornflakes

a….. of biscuits                                 a…….. of jam

a…..of coke                                      a……. of coffee    

a…… of cake                                   a……. of soup

a….. of sugar

Можно поиграть в игру. Ты говоришь фразу – она повторяет и добавляет свое. (You say a phrase , she repeats and adds her word b so on..)

I`m at the market and I`m buying a bottle of lemonade

I`m at the market and I`m buying a bottle of lemonade and a packet of sugar…..

Waiter: What can I get you?

Sally:    Can I have some salad, please?

W.:        Yes. OK. Anything else?

S.:          Yes, a glass of apple juice, please.

Menu:

Hamburger                Orange juice

Hot dog                      Lemonade

Pizza, French fries     Apple juice

Salad

Make up dialogues using the menu above.

A, an, some

1….banana              7…..rice

2….milk                  8…..apple

3…..carrot               9…..orange

4…..chicken           10…..sausage

5…..bread               11….. water

6. …..tomato           12…beans

A; Is there anything to eat? I`m hungry.

B.: How about a banana?

A.: No, thanks. Can I have some cheese, please?

B.: Sure. Would you like some tea, too?

A.: Yes, please  

Ask and answer as in the example

• egg – soup –coke
• sandwich – pasta – water

What do You usually have for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner?

For breakfast I usually have -  a bowl of cornflakes (sereal), a cheese sandwich

                                                 Fried eggs, bread and butter, some jam, a cup of tea (                                               (  coffee), a glass of juice.

For lunch I usually have – a plate of soup, fish and potatoes,  some rice, chicken and vegetables, meat and some mashed potatoes.

For dinner I usually have – some meat dish, fried potatoes, roast meat, some salad,

A slice of cake and a cup of tea.

What`s your favourite food?

What`s your favourite fruit/ drink/ cake?

Unit 4

Последняя «порция» гласных – они все заднего ряда  «а», «о» произносятся с напряжением, как будто вам тяжело. «а» произносится   слегка в нос. Должны напрячься мышцы под подбородком. «у» напряженное произносится тоже сильно, но при этом не вытягиваются губы. Аналогична артикуляция краткого «у» , только без напряжения.

/a: /  park, task, past, last, garden, guard, barn

/o:/ port, short,  door, naughty, daughter, dawn, draw, all, walk, always, autumn, Austria, August

/o/ pot, shot, spot, dot, body, lodge, long

/u:/ do, move, who, too, Moon, food, goose

/u/ короткий. Book, look, cook, bush, bull, put

Он тоже может быть выражен двумя «оо», но они читаются коротко и ненапряженно. Правила на этот счет нет, это нужно смотреть по словарю. То же касается буквы “u” –она может читаться, как короткая «а» например cut, shut. Это тоже следует уточнить в словаре.

Diphthongs:

/ai/ kite, like, time, height, light, night, white, my, type, rhyme

/au/ now, how, cow, town, brown, house, mouse, out, found, mountain, around.

/иа/ нет знаков на клавиатуре. Here, beard, real, idea, tear, appear, experience

/эа/ нет знаков на клавиатуре. Chair, care, there, fair, various, parent, pair

 /иа – эа/

dear – dare

fear – fair

clear – declare

rear – rare

/уэ/ poor, tourist, fluent, cure, pure, curious, jewel

/ou/ go, snow, show, pillow, photo so, home, coal, oak, boat

 Трифтонг /айа/ fire, satire, tired, empire, tyre

Tongue – twister

A sailor went to sea, to sea. What could he see?

And all he could see was sea , sea, sea.

My kite is white, my kite is light

My kite is in the sky/

Now left, now right

I like my kite.

Ipsey-Wipsey Spider is climbing up the spout.

Down came the rain and washed the Spider out.

Out came the sunshine and dried up all the rain

Ipsey –Wipsey Spider is climbing up again.

We`ll wonder,

Whether the weather be fine, or whether the weather be not;

Whether the weather be cold, or whether the weather be hot.

We`ll weather the weather, whatever the weather,

Weather we like it or not.

Jack be nimble, Jack be quick,

Jack jump over the candle – stick.

Why do you cry, Willy, why do you cry?

Why Willy, why Willy, why Willy, why?

SHOPS

At the grocer`s you can buy a variety of foodstuffs such as – flour, butter, eggs, biscuits,, jams, and jellies, cheese, sugar, spices, tinned and frozen food. The greengrocer`s deals in various kinds of fruit and vegetables. The florist`s sells flowers and plants, wreaths( “w” не читается) and bouquets( читается / букейз/). We go to the fishmonger`s for fish, and to the poulterer`s if we want to buy poultry – chickens, ducks, geese or turkeys. F milk shop is called a dairy. There we buy dairy products – milk, butter, cheese, cream, and eggs. When we run out of bread we go to the baker`s and ask for a loaf of white or brown bread. A cake shop sells pastry and cakes of all kinds. The confectioner`s always has a good ghoice of sweets – chocolates, bars of chocolate,  sweets, and other tempting things that make our mouth water ( от которых у нас слюнки текут).

In the supermarkets there are different department to sell various food and goods under one roof. These spacious supermarkets  are well-stocked with a lot of beautifully arranged goods. There you can buy practically all you need in the way of food and goods. Everything is ready packed and have marked prices on them.

    If we want to buy things, we can go either to specialized shops or large department stores.

Hosiery department (чулочные изделия) – knitted goods, tights, stockings, socks, underclothes.

Stationary dep. Sells – paper, pens, ink, note-books, clips, drawing pins, glue etc.

Jewelry dep. Sells things made of gold and silver, rings, bracelets, ear rings.

The butgher`s – мясной магазин

Lean (fat) meat – постное ( жирное) мясо

Ground ( or minced) meat мясной фарш

Granulated (lump) sugar – сахарный песок ( сахар в кусках)

Cereals - крупы

Loose (bottled) milk

Cottage cheese - творог

Sour cream - сметана

Smoked (boiled) sausage – копченая ( вареная) колбаса

Stale bread – черствый хлеб

A bun – булочка a roll – хлебец

Caviar - икра

Haberdashery dep. – галантерейный отдел

A double- (single-) breasted suit

A pair of  flat-heeled shoes- дву- (одно-) бортный костюм

To be on sale

What size do you take in gloves? – I take size 7 in gloves

What size (of)  shoes do you wear? – I wear shoes size 34.

What`s your size in hats? – My size is 56 ( 56 is my size)

How much does it cost?, How much is it ( a meter, etc)?

What` the price of…? What price are these buttons?

How much does it all come to( is it all together?)

To be in fashion ( out of fashion)

I like the cut/

It`s a bit too bright for me. It`ll show the dirt too quickly.

The coat is shrink proof ( color-fast or fade proof: shower proof or waterproof: crease-resistant) – пальто из несадящейся ( нелиняющей, непромокаемой, немнущейся) ткани

A toy shop

A souvenir shop

A shoe store

A shop for sports goods

A hardwear shop - хозтовары

Electronic appliances - электротовары

Ex.1 a) Use the prompts to complete the dialogue.

*refund * I`m really sorry * How may I help you? * receipt (читается /рисиит/)  *Would you like to change it?

A.: Good morning, Madam.1)………..?

B.: Well, I bought this dress here lest week. When I washed it, the colour faded.

A.: Oh, dear. 2)………?

B.: Yes, if possible.

A.: 3)………but there aren`t any left in your size.

B.: Well, in that case I`d like a 4)……….

A.: Of course. Have you got the 5)……?

B.: Yes, here it is.

A.: Here you are. 10  pounds.  I`m terribly sorry.

       b) Use the prompts below and act out a similar dialogue.

*jumper – Saturday – tried it on – I found a hole in the sleeve – the same colour – 8 pounds

 Answer the questions:

1. Where do we buy sugar?

2. Where do we buy meat? What sorts of meat do you know?

3.  Do you like fat or lean meat for soup? What can you prepare with minced meat?

Where do we buy fish? Where do we buy bread? What kind of bread is your favourite? Where are cakes and chocolate biscuits sold? What can you buy at the dairy?  Where do you buy fruit and vegetables?  Where do we buy geese and ducks?  Where do we buy flowers and plants?.....