Программа элективного курса для 10-11 классов средней школы «КРАЕВЕДЕНИЕ»
методическая разработка по краеведению (11 класс) на тему

Название раздела/темы

Всего

Практич. занятия

Семинары

Контроль

1. История Нижнего Новгорода

6

4

1

1

2. Ярмарка

6

4

1

1

3. Известные люди

6

3

2

1

4. Культурная жизнь города

6

3

2

1

5. Современный Нижний

6

4

1

1

6. Проекты по курсу

3

1

1

1

Итого

33+1 резервный

19

8

6

Topic

Topical Areas

Cultural Items, Key Words and Phrases

1. The History of Nizhny Novgorod

1. Historical Events

The beginning of the 12th c.: appearing of the Slavs at the Volga-Oka confluence; 1221: foundation of the frontier fortress, reasons for its building;

1328-1330: foundation of the Ascension Pechersky monastery by Dionisiy a monk, its importance for all Russia;

1341-1392: invasions of the Tatars; the status of Nizhny Novgorod as the key fortified outpost;

1368, 1379: the destruction of the city by the Golden Horde warriors;

Economic importance of the city; trade relations with many Asian and eastern countries;

The end of the 16th – the beginning of the 17th cc.: the political changes in Russia: the break of Ruric dynasty, a political crisis and a struggle for the throne; the Peasants war, Polish and Swedish intervention; the city as the centre of a patriotic struggle with foreign aggressors; emergency volunteer corps under the command of Nizhny Novgorod citizen Kozma Minin;

1617-1618: the Great Fire; the main inhabitants: merchants, ship owners, craftsmen (practicing not less than 113 crafts); the flourish of shipbuilding: building ships and providing canvas for their sails;

1719: Nizhny Novgorod as a governmental centre; active and diverse social life of the city; the appearance of the first educational institutions;

1798: the first public theatre opened by Prince N. Shakhovskoy, serfs as actors and actresses;

1817: moving of Makariev trade fair into the city; the new technologies and machines displayed there;

The end of the 19th c.: a more industrial expression of the face of the city;

1896: the all-Russian Exhibition of Industry and Arts;

The face of the city formed by its benefactors - merchants and industrialists the Bugrovs, Blinovs, Rukavishnikovs, Bashkirovs, Sirotkins;

The beginning of the 20th c.: intellectual and economic strength and ambition and hopes for a glorious future.

2. The Kremlin

1365: beginning of the construction of the stone Kremlin;

1372: the renovation by the order of a Nizhny Novgorod prince Dmitry;

The beginning of the 16th c.: the structure of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, that we see now; the designer of the project: Pyotr Fryazin – the Russified name of the Italian architect Pietro Francesco;

1515: a wall of 15 to 18 meters high, 3.5 to 4.5 meters thick and more than two kilometers long;

13 towers of the Kremlin with their specific functions; five rectangular passage towers, eight round towers, built on the corners of the Kremlin walls; sacred icons placed above the tower entrances.

Dmitrievskaya tower: bears the name of a Nizhny Novgorod prince Dmitry.

Kladovaya tower: used as a warehouse.

Porokhovaya tower: located above the main arsenal.

Nikolskaya tower: named after the St. Nicholas Church that was once located nearby.

Koromyslova tower: its legends; fortify the newly laid bricks of the Kremlin; custom to bun-alive; buckets on the yoke; sealed up in the wall.

Tainitskaya tower: named because of the underground passage which led from the tower to the Pochaina River.

Severnaya tower: named due to its location;

Chasovaya tower: the clock of the tower served the city for two centuries.

Ivanovskaya tower: the central tower of the lower part of the Kremlin, named after the nearby Church of John The Precursor; Minin’s appeal to come and save the Russian land near this chirch.

White tower: white bricks covering its bottom part from the side of the river; the only preserved round tower in the lower part of the Kremlin.

Zachatievskaya tower: named after the monastery that once was there.

Borisoglebskaya tower: named after the church of Sts. Boris and Gleb.

Georgiyevskaya tower: named after a nearby church of St. George.

3. Minin and Pozharsky Square

The empty area in front of a Kremlin wall-which did not allow the enemy close to the fortifications;

1770: the first official plan of the city approved by Her Majesty Catherine the Great, the square named Blagoveshchenskaya; the Kremlin as the centre of the city;

The description of the square of the 19th c.:

• 2 churches;
• a monument to Alexander II (known as the «Liberator Tsar» for abolishing serfdom in 1861);
• a fountain (1847);
• the City Duma, the current Palace of Labor, (1904);
• the Public House currently known as Exhibition Hall (1834);
• a post office;
• the gymnasium;
• a hotel, now the building of the History department of the University of Nizhny Novgorod (1825);
• a seminary;
• the office of the steamboat company.

The changes of the square in the 20th c.

2. Fair

4. Watching the Video

Developing of the region connected with the history of the fair; after conquering Kazan shipping became possible along the Volga river; meeting of ships of Tver and Astrakhan merchants near the walls of the Makariev monastery; trade at the Makariev fair; exchanging goods with European merchants; July, 15: celebrating St.Makary day; st. patron of the Russian trade;

1641: official recognizing of the fair by the tsar Romanov Michael;

18-19 cc.: the trade is getting greater; big profits;

1816: the visit of the state chancellor; no respect for him from the side of the owner of Lyskovo; the quick response: the moving of the fair into the principle town of the province;

Reviving of the market at the so-called arrow; its strategic value; Augusten Betancourt at the head of the construction of the fair;

The fair town: 24 trade lines shops on the first floors, merchants’ apartments on the second; a special line for every kind of goods; flourishing of the fair;

1896: the year of Nikolas II coronation; the all Russian exhibition; the most significant role of the fair in the social and political life of the city.

2.2 the History of the Fair

The 14th c.: the first attempts to organize a fair in Nizhny Novgorod; Makariev-Zheltovodsky Monastery as the first place of the Fair;

The end of the 18th c.: the monastery lost its former importance, the location of the fair was considered to be unfavorable; the idea to move the fair to Nizhny Novgorod;

a talented engineer Augusten Betancourt, the architect of the Nizhny Novgorod Trade Fair; a suitable place at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers;

1822: start of trade;

The increasing of the money turnover of the Trade Fair;

1890: the construction of the Main Fair Building;

July,15: the opening ceremony of the annual Fair;

August,15; the closing day;

1896: Nizhny Novgorod chosen as the place for the all-Russian Exhibition of Industry and Art; its influence on the look of the city;

1896, June,17: arrival of the royal couple;

1917: stopping of the activity of that all-Russian market; its revival by NEP; private initiative, the basis of enterprise;

1930: the closing of the Fair again;

1996: the new Exhibition of Industry and Art; the Fair as the centre of Russian business activity.

2.3.        Modern Fair and its role in the business life of Nizhny Novgorod

The Nizhny Novgorod Fair as a large Exhibition Centre.

1991: a turning point in the development of the Fair. Contributing to the establishment of the image of Nizhny Novgorod in the world as one of the most important economic centres of Russia. The CJSC “Nizhegorodskaya Yarmarka”.

1996: the 100th anniversary of the All Russia Industrial and Cultural Exhibition. Exhibitional events in 1996: 32 projects, 645000 visitors. The second place of Nizhny Novgorod after Moscow in some parameters of exhibitions. A modern infrastructure of the CSJC “Nizhegorodskaya Yarmarka”: The Customs Clearance Zone, European equipment for pavilions and stand building, communication means, 6 exhibition pavilions, 5 conference halls, including the gorgeous Heraldic Hall, the hotel, service centre, Yarmarka-Tour agency, Mercury restaurant, Advertising and Publishing agency, a parking lot for 80 cars. The main sphere of activity of the CSJC “Nizhegorodskaya Yarmarka”: Fair and Exhibition hosting. 50 profile exhibitions and trade shows every year. The visitors of the Fair: statesmen, politicians, industry top-managers, prominent businessmen. Efforts of the Fair to strengthen international cooperation: organizing trade shows and expositions abroad. The tradition at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair: developing as a cultural and social-political centre of the city and the region, promoting youth cultural activity in organizing festivals, concerts and sports shows. The necessity to continue the development of new and authentic projects, expanding of Yarmarka infrastructure and modernizing equipment and material base: the construction of the Business Complex. The face of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair at the beginning of the new century.

2.4.        Project

The exhibition programme of 2007. The schedule of forums and its short contents.

3.Famous People

3.1.        People whom the city is proud of (review)

Sakharov A.D.: an outstanding scientist, a defender of human rights. His life in Nizhny Novgorod: the museum of Sakharov opened in Scherbinky at the beginning of the 1990-s, the place where he was tortured by supervisors from the government. The street which is close to the historical house bears his name.

Dahl V.I. : a writer and a compiler of famous “The explanatory dictionary of the great Russian language”; a manager of the provincial appanage office; a conductor of ethnographic researches; a fighter with the local bureaucracy. His flat in Bolshaya Pecherskaya street as one of the city’s cultural centres.

Dmitriev M.P. (1858-1948): the first Russian photo master, an art photographer, his role in seeing the image of Nizhny Novgorod, the museum of the Russian Photography in his house.

Grand Prince of Vladimir and Suzdal Yury Vsevolodovich (1189-1238): son of Grand Prince Vsevolod II (Great Nest). The founder of Nizhny Novgorod.

Augusten Betancourt (1758-1824): an architect sent from the capital in order to direct the construction of the Nizhegorodian Fair.

Minin Kozma (the late 16th c.- 1616): an organizer of the 1611-1612 Nizhny Novgorod Territorial Army

3.2.        Watching the video

Sakharov A.D. The apartment of Sakharov in Nizhny Novgorod where he lived during his exile; the life of the scientist with his wife Elena Bonner in Nizhny in pure isolation; no opportunity 2 communicate with their nearest and dearest; a genius scientist; a Nobel prize winner; an outcast; a man-symbol; his life as an example of the unselfish service to the freedom of consciousness and humanism; the Sakharov’s festival held in Nizhny Novgorod; visitors of this festival.

Bugrov N.A. (18  -1911): a great citizen of Nizhny Novgorod; the uncrown possessor of the city and of the entire Volga region; a member of the merchant class; a board member of banks in Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow; his limitless charity work: the Widows’ House, the shelter for homeless, a running water system 2 to be used freely by the citizens of Nizhny, schools, churches and asylums,  nursing home; misfortunes in his family life; his final illness; April, 16, 1911: the day of death; the funeral service.

3.3.Nizhegorodian celebrities

Kozma Minin (the late 16th c.-1616): the soul, the motive force, the leader of saving people volunteer corps during the time of troubles; the fight for the State Throne and the occupation of Moscow by foreigners; the role of Minin in this period; the man who was called “the great citizen” for the first time in Russian history; enterprise, good organizing abilities, outstanding talent of persuasion, easy-going; the election of him to be the headman of the trade people; Minin’s speech on Ivanovsky slope in autumn of 1611; May,12,1616 the death of Minin in the position of a Duma nobleman; buried on a church yard of Pokhvala of Saint Virgin; the removing of his remains to the Kremlin, first in the Savior’s Transfiguration temple, after its demolition in 1930 in the Michael the Archangel Cathedral.

Ulybyshev A.D. (1794-1858): a barin, the most extravagant person in Nizhny Novgorod in the middle of the 19th c., a theatre goer, a patron of arts, a hospitable person, an eccentric man; his incontestable authority in theatrical circus; his house as the place where all capital famous people stopped at (actors Schepkin and Martynov, well-known musicians and composers); his outrageous manners: ignoring the governor’s invitations, the open critics of his authorities; important events of the city’s cultural life linked with his name; musical quarters; Miliy Balakirev , the future head of “the  Mighty Lot”, as the participant of his quarters; 1843:the arrangement of the first performance of Mozart’s Requiem in the Russian province; the book about Mozart written with sincere feeling of a musician-amateur, which brought him glory; the combination of different sides: on the one hand a European, a diplomat, a philosopher-radical, an erudite with good education in Dresden; on the other hand a Nizhny Novgorod barin, easy-going, eccentric, hospitable and democratic.

Chkalov V.P.(1904-1938):named in the honor of; be fond of mathematics; the decision to become a pilot; cheerful, easy-going, helpful, target-oriented; a test-pilot; piloted an ANT-25 plane to accomplish a non-stop flight from Moscow to Vancouver over the North Pole; died while testing an I-180 fighter.

4. Cultural Life of the City

4.1.        Museums

Nizhny Novgorod Museum of History and Architecture: 1895: the first exposition of the Museum of History in the Peter the Great house; 1896, June,25: the official opening of the Nizhny Novgorod Museum of History and Architecture in the Kremlin’s Dmitrievskaya Tower; 1918: The Rukavishnikov suggestion to move the museum to their family estate; 1924: the moving of the history department of the museum into their house; the fabulous collection of more than 32000 exhibits; a few branches of the museum; items from the main place.

Art Museum: 1896, June,25: the opening of the Art Museum in the Kremlin’s Dmitrievskaya Tower; paintings and sculptors donated by the Saint Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts; donations of Bogolyubov, Botkin, Makovsky, Schilder, Ryabushkin, Rerikh; private donors’ efforts; after 1917 Revolution: coming of new items (paintings and folk art handicrafts) from rural manors and city mansions of the local nobles (Sheremetev, Orlov-Davydovs, etc.); 1924: moving into Sirotkin’s mansion on the High Volga Embankment; 1990: the Governors House in the Kremlin; more than 8000 items; masterpieces by local folk art craftsmen – Khokhloma and Gorodets paintings – and works by Bakanov, Golikov and Butorin, masters of Palekh miniature school; an icon exposition based on former private collections.

A.M.Gorky State Medal of Honor Museum: incorporates 3 literary memorial museums: the Literary Museum, the Kashirin’s House (museum of A.M.Gorky childhood), the A.M.Gorky Apartment Museum; 1928, May 22: the opening of the A.M.Gorky Literary Museum: its exhibits as items of local regional studies, personal gifts from Maxim Gorky; the participation of the writer's wife E. Peshkova, his daughter-in-law N. Peshkova, his granddaughters Marfa Maximovna and Darya Maximovna, and I. Shalyapina, the daughter of singer F. Shalyapin in the creation of the museum; show of the life of local intelligentsia at the turn of the past century; 1938, January,1: the opening of the Kashirin’s House Memorial Complex in the house of Gorky’s grandfather; 1971, September,15: the opening of the A.M.Gorky Apartment Museum, his last apartment in Nizhny Novgorod.

Museum of Architecture and People’s Domestic Life of Volga Basin: 1973: opening on the Schelokovsky Khutor; recreation of the typical Russian village of the 19th c.; wooden dwellings, hay lofts, barns; wells and churches of the 17th and 18th cc.

Russian museum of Photography: 800 exhibits of 37 authors and photographic equipment; the topics: the origin and development of photography and equipment of the 19th and 20th cc., the city of Nizhny Novgorod of the 19th and 20th cc., the 16th All-Russian Trade, Industrial and  Art Exhibition of 1896; prominent photographers Karelin and Dmitriev.

A.D. Sakharov Apartment Museum: the world’s only memorial museum of academician Sakharov; seven-years exile in this city, his life and activities.

River Fleet Museum: 1921: the foundation in the city of Saratov and then moving to Gorky to the Institute of Water Transport Engineers; the only historical treasury of river shipbuilding and navigation with models and photos of old vessels, such as inventor Kulibin's «water-goer», and modern ships.

GAZ History Museum: 1921: the foundation of the museum; a historical exposition and a stationary exhibition dedicated to motor vehicles and their creators; a collection of 25 GAZ vehicles.

4.2.        Watching the video

The Art Museum: the collection of it as one of the biggest and the most interesting in Russia;

1896: housing in the Dmitrievskaya tower of the Kremlin; creations belonging to the public collectors of Nizhny Novgorod; its growing due to public gifts;

8000 items on the display and in the museum store-rooms: sculptures, craft ship,  art creations of major Russian painters; examples of Khokhloma decorations;

The significant role of Maxim Gorky in enriching the museum archives;

Rich collection of the old Russian icons dated back to the late 15th-early 16th cc;

The great painting of Konstantin Makov “Kozma Minin appeal”;

The biggest cultural centre of the city; collection compared with many reputed funds according to its cultural value and epoch-making importance.

4.3.        Confessions

The Orthodox Community: 52 churches and 4 cathedrals in the city before the 1917 Revolution; 1917-1990: religious buildings used as warehouses, production and residential areas, discotheques and movie theatres; 3 churches to survive: the Savior’s Transfiguration Church (now the entire complex with a hotel for pilgrims and the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod Eparchy), the Trinity Church, the Savior’s Transfiguration Church in Pechory; 30 Orthodox churches in Nizhny Novgorod today.

The Muslim Congregation: 1817: the moving of the all-Russian trade fair from Makarievsky monastery to Strelka, growing number of Muslims in Nizhny Novgorod; Magometanskaya square in the city with the concentration of merchants from Muslim countries; the perfect place for building the first mosque; 1908: the decision to construct another mosque in the Upper city; a fund raising campaign; 1915: opening of the mosque on Starosennaya square; the time of clergy persecution; the restoration of the mosque.

The Jewish Community: 1883: the construction of the synagogue; the donations of religious Jews of the city and Jewish merchants into its construction; 1938: the closing of the synagogue and the nationalization of the building to house metal- working and joiner’s shops until 1991; 1988: the campaign aimed at getting the synagogue building back and reviving Judaism; returning of two unofficial private synagogues to its historical building; 1991, May,18: the first pray after a 53-year interim; a Sunday school for children, a charity centre, a library and a charity canteen; the Haim Youth Centre; the «Nizhny Novgorod Synagogue» newspaper; since 1995: the Museum of the Nizhny Novgorod Jewish Community.

Roman Catholic Parish.

The Seventh Day Adventists.

The International Society of Krishna Consciousness.

Buddha Centre.

4.4.        Universities

The Nizhny Novgorod State University (NNSU): a large respected higher education institution; hundreds of courses to choose from, providing internationally renowned high degrees, diplomas and certificates, engineering and humanities; the Russian Polytechnic Institute located in Warsaw as the basis for its establishment; the evacuation of the Russian Polytechnic Institute to Nizhny Novgorod during the First World War; 1918: its conversion into the first Nizhny Novgorod State University; 1930: give rise to a number of separate higher education institutions founded on its departments such as: the Teacher’s Training University, the Technical University, the Agricultural Academy, the Medical Academy, the Architectural and Building Academy; the beginning of the 21 c.:  a modern teaching and research complex comprising 15 departments and 4 research institutes, possessing its own well stoked library, biological station, publishing shop, issuing office, residential places in dormitories, summer recreation camp, fax, e-mail and internet systems; a multi-level system of high education: programmes to study for a Bachelor degree, a Higher Education diploma and to enhance the both with research for a Master or Doctoral degree.

Faculties:

•        Biology

•        Chemistry

•        Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics

•        Economics

•        Finance

•        History

•        International Relations

•        Law

•        Management and Business

•        Mechanics and Mathematics

•        Philology

•        Physical Education and Sports

•        Physics

•        Radiophysics

•        Social Sciences

•        Advanced School of General and Applied Physics

•        Faculty for International Students

The Higher School of Economics: 1996: establishing the largest branch of the State University-Higher School of Economics (SU-HSE); the academic structure: the Faculty of Economics, the Faculty of Management, the Faculty of Law and the Center of business informatics and mathematical economics; the university training highly qualified experts in economics, finance, management, marketing and law.

The Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University: 1898, June,18: founding NSTU as Warsaw Polytechnic Institute named after the Emperor Nicholas II; 1980, July, 8: the Red Banner of Labor Award; 1992, December, 24:  the status of the Technical University;

Faculties:

• Motor vehicles faculty
• Engineering physicochemical faculty
• Shipbuilding faculty
• Faculty of automation and technology of mechanical engineering
• Faculty of automation and electromechanics
• Faculty of material science (hylology) and high-temperature technologies
• Institute of radio engineering and information technologies (former Faculty of information systems and technologies)
• Physico-technical faculty
• Faculty of economics, management and innovations
• Faculty of communicative technologies

Higher school of management and technology of Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ);

the developed infrastructure: 11 full-time, evening and correspondence part-time faculties, military training faculty, regional center for retraining of military men; a wide spectrum of additional training.

The Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University: 1937: the foundation on the basis of foreign language courses; one of the top institutions of higher education; three colleges of Education (English, German, and French), a college of Translation and a school of International Business; divisions for extramural learning, for access courses and for other specialty pedagogical training.

The Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University: 1911: the foundation as the Nizhny Novgorod Teachers Institute; 1918: reorganization into NN Pedagogical Institute; 1987: the Red Labor Banner Award; 1993: reorganization into the Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University;

The subject areas:

•        philology (the Russian language as a foreign language, English, French or German and literature);

•        history;

•        philosophy;

•        country study and tourism;

•        tourism, excursion business and ecological tourism;

        chemistry;

•        biology;

•        ecology;

•        computer studies (computing);

•        mathematics;

•        foreign language (English);

•        oligophrenopedagogic;

•        special psychology;

•        logopedy;

•        social pedagogic;

•        psychology;

•        technology and business(«Information systems in business and economics»);

•        technology and business (Fine art);

•        domestic science course;

•        technology and business (applied economics);

•        technology and business («Business foreign language – English, in the field of professional educational»);

•        physics («Information»);

•        physical culture and sport.

The Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy: 1920, March,21: the foundation as the part of Nizhny Novgorod University; 1930, May: the separation from the University; 1994, June,15: the status of the State Medical Academy;

Faculties:

• general medicine;
• pediatrics;
• preventive medicine;
• stomatology;
• overseas admissions;

1995: opening of the Military Medical Institute of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation.

The Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering: 1930: the foundation; scientific and technological training and research in Architecture, Urban Planning, Construction and Environmental Engineering; programs in business management, marketing, economics, finance, stock exchange, accountancy and audit running in parallel with programs in its traditional subject fields of architecture and construction; 1996: creation of the International Institute of Economics, Law and Management (IIELM);

Faculties:

•        General Engineering Faculty (GEF)

•        Institute of Civil Engineering (ICE)

•        The Institute of Environmental Engineering Systems and Structures (IEESS)

•        Institute of Architecture and Town Building (IATB)

•        The International Institute of Economics, Law and Management (IIELM)

•        The Institute of Arts and Humanities (IAH)

•        The Intersectional Institute for Personnel Training (IIPT).

The Volga State Academy of Water Transport: 1930: the foundation on the basis of the Gorky Water Transport Institute with the object of training highly skilled engineering and technical specialists for water transport;

Faculties:

• general engineering;
• shipbuilding and hydraulic structures;
• electromechanical;
• faculty of navigation;
• economic;
• faculty of law;
• correspondence course.

The Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Commerce: one of leading schools in the sphere of preparing specialists for banks, tax inspection services, retail chains, restaurants, travel agencies, hotel businesses, certification centers and corporate financial and commercial services.

The Nizhny Novgorod Law Institute: fundamental training in law, economics and special subjects; modern teaching techniques based on the worldwide experiences of educators, unique law enforcement know-how and broad international contacts with colleagues in Europe and North America.

5. Modern Nizhny

5.1.        General Information about Nizhny Novgorod

Location: perfect destination, unforgettable holiday, central part of Russia, east to Moscow.

Things to see and to do: tourists’ attractions which are worth visiting; a trip not to be missed; excursions; sights.

Shopping: plenty of places to go shopping; large modern trade centers; small boutiques; markets.

Night life: exciting; music and dance clubs; extremely popular with; well-known for fashionable restaurants; offer a variety of dishes.

Recommendations: have something to offer; the ideal choice; a magnificent city; a visit to remember.

5.2.        Districts

Sovetsky district: founded in 1956 as the city's central area; major companies and higher educational establishments situated there;

Interesting: a yacht club by the Molitovsky Bridge, a horse-riding school in Vysokovo, the Dolphin Swimming Pool, the Uphill Sports Palace, the Schelokovsky Khutor forest recreation area, the Museum of the Volga People's Domestic Culture.

Prioksky district: founded in 1956;

Interesting: the Shveitsaria Recreation Park with a Zoo, Sakharov's Apartment Museum, the Nizhny Novgorod Botanical Gardens, a horse race track.

Sormovsky district: founded in1924; its most famous industrial company is the Krasnoye Sormovo Shipyard (founded in 1844);

Interesting: Sormovo was a center of the 1905 uprising of workers; the USSR's first tank called Comrade Lenin Fighter for Freedom, and the famous T-34 tank of the W.W.II; a shipyard museum, the Savior's Transfiguration Cathedral, a Meteor hydrofoil speed vessel on a pedestal, the Sormovo Palace of Culture, a park and the Trud Stadium.

Moskovsky district: founded in 1970 as a combination of parts of the Kanavinsky and Sormovsky districts; a mechanical engineering factory and the Sokol Aircraft-Building Plant (built in 1929); first fighter, light civil aircrafts; the museum in its territory.

Kanavinsky district: founded in 1922 to incorporate the Gordeyevka neighbourhood of the former Balakhna Region; 1925: the town of Kanavino; 1929: joined the Larger Nizhny Novgorod;

Interesting: the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral on the Strelka, the Savior (Old Fair) Cathedral, the Smolenskaya Church (in Gordeyevka), a monument of Lenin on Lenin Square, the May 1 Park with a summer circus, a children's railroad network, the Locomotive Stadium, the Kanavinsky Cinema, the unique steam locomotive museum and a horse-riding school in the settlement of Sortirovochny.

Leninsky district: founded in 1935 as a former part of the Kanavinsky district;

Interesting: the Savior's Transfiguration (Karpovskaya) Church, the Rossia Cinema, the Dubki Recreation Park, RUMO tennis courts.

Avtozavodsky district: created in 1931 by combining a part of the Kanavinsky district and the Dzerzhinsk Region of the Nizhegorodsky Krai; built around the automotive plant with its settlements; 1933: joined the Larger Nizhny Novgorod;

Interesting: the GAZ Museum, a monument to the legendary "1.5-tonnage" (GAZ-AA) by the factory's main gate, the GAZ Palace of Culture, a recreation park, the Konovalenko Sports Palace.

5.3.        Watching the video (industry)

Nizhny Novgorod as the major industrial centre of Russia; research and production enterprises.

Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ): the giant of the Russian car manufacture;

1930: the foundation of the plant;

1932: the production of the first lorry;

The structure of the joint-stock company GAZ: 5 huge plants, 10 independent enterprises, over 100 production shops, great building facilities, a research centre, a test track.

1994: launching the GAZEL family;

1998, September: making SOBOL: differs in performance with GAZEL;

Volga 3111: the real pride of car-makers; N 1 car at the 5th International Motoshow in Moscow;

Developing joint venture with the Italian concern FIAT.

SOKOL: major plant specializing in air craft; former aviation plant after Sergo Ordzhonikidze;

1932: launching the plant for fighters production;

Before the World War II: launching the military craft of Lavochkin construction;

1941-1945: every 4th plane came from the plant; 17000 fighters in 4 years;

Creating of MIG fighters; the only plant in the world making the crafts of this class (MIG 25);

Launching the production line of the civil air crafts; GZHEL: the business class plane, long distance and high speed plane;

Motorboats equipped with the air-cushion technology.

Red Sormovo Plant: built in the oldest industrial district; a strong basis for many scientific researching institutions and design offices;

1845: foundation of the plant; the oldest plant in all shipbuilding industry;

1850: production of the first ships;

Boats and ships of various purposes; modern high tech submarines, etc.

1941-1945: tank and submarine production;

Peaceful time: car making and metallurgical industries; matching all standards of the major international conventions.

The Machinery Plant: the major plant of machinery construction of Nizhny Novgorod region;

1932, January,1: establishing the plant of machinery construction New Sormovo;

1934: its transforming into the joint stock company the plant of machinery constructions Nizhny Novgorod;

1941-1945: producing guns and other military technique;

1994: production of peaceful objects: from reliable vacuum-cleaners up to the reactors and equipment for the nuclear plants; equipment for the central heating and for the oil-mining industry;

Creation of the quality control system on the basis of the international standards;

Lots of governmental awards and diplomas.

5.4.        Revision/ projects

Persuading a tourist to visit Nizhny Novgorod; giving reasons and opinions.