Практическая работа по теме Internet and Modern Life.
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку (10 класс)

Практическая работа по теме Internet and Modern Life.

1. Read and answer the questions.  

Internet Facts

The prototype for the Internet was created in the sixties by the US Defense Department. To ensure that communication could be kept open in the event of a nuclear attack, it created a computer network known as Arpanet — the Advanced Research Project Agency Network.

The first attempt to connect two computers and allow them to communicate with one another was made by researchers at the University of California in Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on 20 October 1969.

The first people to coin the term 'internet' were two scientists, Vinton Cerf (known as 'father of the Internet') and his collaborator Bob Kahn, who in 1974 devised a means by which data could be transmitted across a global-network of computers.

An Oxford graduate, Tim Berners-Lee, set up the first 'www server' (a Server receives and sends messages) to store the archive of the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland.

The first e-mail ever sent was in 1972 between computers in two American universities. The most frequently used search word on the net is "sex", typed in 1,550,000 times every month.

Vocabulary:

Defense Department — Министерство обороны

ensure — обеспечивать

network — сеть

coin — придумывать

collaborator — сотрудник

devise — изобретать

means — средство

store — сохранить

net — сеть

link – соединять, связывать

Questions:

1. Who was the prototype for the Internet created by?

2. Why was the prototype for the Internet created?

3. Who was the first attempt to connect two computers and allow them to communicate with one another made by?

4. Who is known as father of the Internet'?

5. Why was the first 'www server'set up?

6. What is the most frequently used search word?

7. Do you think 'The Internet' will have an important influence on our daily lives?

2. Read and translate the text.

Internet and Modern Life

The Internet has already entered our ordinary life. Everybody knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundreds of millions of users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other.

The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any living being to get some information to anywhere. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest and safest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the net will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology was called packet switching.

Invention of modems, special devices allowing your computer to send the information through the telephone line, has opened doors to the Internet for millions of people.

Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America. It is clear that the accurate number of users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet today, because there are hundreds of millions of users and their number is growing.

Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the Internet clubs or at work. Other popular services are available on the Internet too. It is reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc.

In many countries, the Internet could provide businessmen with a reliable, alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems its own system of communications. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for international calls around the world, when you pay a good deal of money.

But saving money is only the first step and not the last one. There is a commercial use of this network and it is drastically increasing. Now you can work through the Internet, gambling and playing through the net.

However, there are some problems. The most important problem is security. When you send an        e-mail, your message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. But there are many encoding programs available. Notwithstanding, these programs are not perfect and can easily be cracked.

Another big and serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective control in the Internet, because a huge amount of information circulating through the net. It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the situation might change, but now we have what we have. It could be expressed in two words— an anarchist's dream.

 Vocabulary:

network — сеть

to embrace — охватывать, окружать

user — юзер, пользователь

to design — задумывать, придумывать, разрабатывать

to survive — выжить

nuclear war — ядерная война

to pollute — загрязнять

dangerous — опасный

path — путь, маршрут

available — доступный, имеющийся в распоряжении, наличный

the net — интернет, сеть

packet switching — пакетное переключение

invention — изобретение

accurate — точный

to count — считать, сосчитать

approximately— приблизительно, примерно

to receive — получать

message — послание

to provide — снабжать, доставлять, обеспечивать

reliable — надежный

alternative — альтернативный

provider — провайдер, поставщик

security — безопасность

router — маршрутизатор

to intercept — перехватить (сигнал и т. д.)

to encode — кодировать, шифровать

notwithstanding — тем не менее, однако, все же

to crack — взломать

huge — большой, гигантский, громадный, огромный

to circulate — передвигаться/двигаться в пределах чего-то

tremendous —разг. огромный, гигантский, громадный; потрясающий

Questions:

1. What is the Internet?

2. When and where did the history of Internet begin?

3. Why was the Internet designed?

4. What is modem?

5. Where are most of the Internet host computers?

6. What is the accurate number of Internet users?

7. What is the most popular Internet service today?

8. What are other popular services available on the Internet?

9. What is the most important problem of the Internet?

10. Why is there no effective control in the Internet today?

11. Is there a commercial use of the network today?