Подготовка к ОГЭ по английскому языку. Грамматика. Прилагательные.
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Подготовка к ОГЭ по английскому языку. Грамматика. Прилагательные.
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ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ
Степени сравнения прилагательных
Группы прилагательных | Особенности правописания | Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень |
Односложные | short | shorter | The shortest | |
Односложные с окончанием на краткую гласную + одну согласную | Согласная удваивается | Fat Sad Big | Fatter Sadder Bigger | The fattest The saddest The biggest |
Односложные с окончанием на немую -e | Немая –e отбрасывается | Nice Fine Large | Nicer Finer Larger | The nicest The finest The largest |
Двусложные с окончанием на согласную и -y | Буква –y меняется на -i | Happy Dirty | Happier Dirtier | The happiest The dirtiest |
Двусложные с окончанием –er | Clever | Cleverer | The cleverest | |
Остальные двусложные и многосложные | Active Serious Beautiful | More active More serious More beautiful | The most active The most serious The most beautiful | |
Исключения | Good Bad Little Old Far | Better Worse Less Older (возраст) Elder (о членах семьи) Farther (дальше)/ Further(дальнейший, дополнительный) | The best The worst The least The oldest (возраст) The eldest (о членах семьи) Farthest (самый дальний)/furthest (по времени) |
Сравнительные конструкции
Степень прилагательного | Используется с выражениями | Примеры |
Положительная | As… as – такой же как Not so… as – не такой… как | Bob is as smart as Tom. Ann is not so kind as Sue. |
Сравнительная | Than – чем The… , the… - чем… , тем… | Bill is taller than Phil. The sooner, the better. |
Превосходная | In my class (school, etc) - в моем классе (школе и т.д.) In Russia, in the world, etc – в России, в мире и т.д. Of all… - из всех I have ever seen (read) – который я когда-либо видел (читал) | Tom is the laziest boy in my class. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Ann is the smartest of all my friends. This is the best film I’ve ever seen. |
Прилагательные с окончанием –ed/-ing.
Прилагательное на –ed выражает эмоциональное воздействие на кого-то (чувства, состояние) | Прилагательное на –ing выражает характеристику предмета или человека (качество, свойство) |
Jane is bored with her job. I was disappointed with the film. We were excited by the result of the game. | Jane’s job is very boring. I found the film very disappointing. The game was very exciting. |
НАРЕЧИЯ (СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ)
Группы наречий | Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень |
Наречия, совпадающие по форме с прилагательными | Fast Hard Late Early Few | Faster Harder Later Earlier Fewer | Fastest Hardest Latest Earliest Fewest |
Наречия, образованные суффиксом –ly | Slowly Carefully Seriously | More/less slowly More/less carefully More/less seriously | Most/least slowly Most/least carefully Most/least seriously |
Многосложные наречия | Often Seldom | More/less often More/less seldom | |
Исключения | Well Badly Many/much Little | Better Worse More Less |
Трудности перевода некоторых наречий
Наречие | Примеры | Наречие | Примеры |
Badly – плохо Badly - очень | You write so badly! He needs help badly. | Pretty – вполне, довольно Prettily – красиво | He is pretty clever. Your room is prettily decorated. |
Hard – усиленно, усердно Hardly – едва, еле-еле | You’ll have to work hard to pass your exam. I can hardly believe it. | Near – рядом Nearly – почти | I live near my school. It’s nearly one o’clock. |
Late – поздно Lately – недавно, в последнее время | Don’t get up so late. I haven’t seen him lately. | High – высоко Highly–в высшей степени | The eagle was flying high in the sky. He is a highly talented young scientist. |
Упражнения.
1. Напишите степени сравнения прилагательных.
1. High. 2. Hot. 3. Funny. 4. Cool. 5. Sweet. 6. Thin. 7. Wide. 8. Wise. 9. Famous. 10. Pleasant. 11. Careful. 12. Busy. 13. Pretty. 14. Clever. 15. Big. 16. Old. 17. Late. 18. Far. 19. Near. 20. Early. 21. Bad. 22. Good. 23. Important. 24. Friendly.
2. Напишите степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий.
1. Ugly. 2. Terrible. 3. Long. 4. Dry. 5. Fine. 6. Beautiful. 7. Wet. 8. Much. 9. Little. 10. Few. 11. Many.
12. Comfortable. 13. Easily. 14. Sensible. 15. Healthy. 16. Well. 17. Often. 18. Badly. 19. Fast. 20. Hard. 21. Incredible.
3. Раскройте скобки, поставив прилагательные в нужной форме.
1. Which is (deep), Lake Michigan or Lake Superior?
2. I like all my friends but I think Kate is (easy) to talk to.
3. Are expensive things much (good) than cheap things?
4. I am sure my dog is the (clever) in my district.
5. The (deep) part of the Pacific Ocean is 11 kilometers below the sea level.
6. February is the (snowy) and the (cold) month of the year here.
7. My (old) sister is 5 years (old) than me.
8. He has made (few) mistakes than yesterday.
9. This man is the (important) of all I know.
10. What is the (precious) stone in the world?
11. Everything is getting (expensive) these days.
12. It’s the (interesting) subject I’ve studied in recent years.
13. This is where Dali painted some of his (famous) pictures.
14. To tell the truth, Paul is not one of my (good) friends.
15. Towns are much (noisy) than villages.
4. Раскройте скобки, поставив прилагательные в нужной форме.
1. It is much (hot) in Italy than in Russia.
2. It was the (bad) moment in my life.
3. He is one of the (stupid) people I have ever seen.
4. Typhoons are (frequent) in Asia than in Europe.
5. The world’s (bad) nuclear disaster took place in 1986.
6. This year things are (good) than last year.
7. There is nothing (pleasant) in cold weather than a cup of hot tea.
8. He was the (energetic) of four brothers.
9. You should contact Mr. Brown for (far) information.
10. In her childhood Ann used to be (happy) than she is now.
11. Nowadays a good job is becoming (hard) to find.
12. The Beatles were the (successful) pop group ever.
13. He is ten years (old) than his wife.
14. She tried on two dresses and chose the (smart) one.
15. She is one of the (pretty) girls I have ever seen.
5. Раскройте скобки, поставив наречия в нужной форме.
1. The train was going (fast) and (fast).
2. There are (many) customers on Saturdays than on weekdays.
3. She plays tennis much (badly) than her sister.
4. Most people live (well) than their parents used to live.
5. He drives the car (carefully) than his brother.
6. The boss likes my plan (well) of the two.
7. I could find the place (easily) if I had a map.
8. To get to Moscow by nine we can’t leave (late) than seven.
9. Robberies are happening (frequently) nowadays than before.
10. The (early) you come, the (quickly) we finish the work.
11. Dictations are something I like (little) of all.
12. He writes grammar tests (well) of all in our group.
13. You should work (hard) if you want to succeed.
14. Could you talk (slowly), please?
15. Nobody in the class studies (well) than Ann.
6. Выберите правильную форму прилагательного.
1. I didn’t think you were (interesting/interested) in ancient history.
2. You look (worrying/worried). What has happened?
3. If you feel (boring/bored), why don’t we go to the cinema?
4. Was your father (annoying/annoyed) when he learnt about your failure?
5. I find going round art galleries and museums very (tiring/tired).
6. Children can’t fall asleep on Christmas Eve, they are too (exciting/excited).
7. The TV show was so (boring/bored) that I fell asleep.
8. Of course it was a (surprising/surprised) decision, but that was the only way out.
9. Exams are the most (frightening/frightened) thing for me.
10. This new tall building is really (fascinating/fascinated).
11. Have you seen Jane recently? She feels a bit (depressing/depressed).
12. I have never found myself in such an (embarrassing/embarrassed) situation.
13. Let’s invite Bob. He is very (amusing/amused).
14. She is not (satisfying/satisfied) with her job.
15. It was a very (tiring/tired) journey.
7. Выберите правильную форму прилагательного.
1. We were all (horrifying/horrified) when we heard about the disaster.
2. It’s sometimes (embarrassing/embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money.
3. Are you (interesting/interested) in football?
4. I enjoyed the football match. It was quite (exciting/excited).
5. It was a really (terrifying/terrified) experience. Everybody was very (shocking/shocked).
6. I had never expected to be offered the job. I was really (amazing/amazed) when I was offered it.
7. The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages. It was really (disgusting/disgusted).
8. It’s been raining all day. I hate this (depressing/depressed) weather.
9. Ann is (exciting/excited) about going to America next month. She has never been there.
10. Diana teaches young children. It’s really (exhausting/exhausted) job.
11. He’s one of the most (boring/bored) people I’ve ever met. He never stops talking and never says anything (interesting/interested).
12. I was (astonishing/astonished) when I heard they were getting divorced. They had always seemed so happy together.
13. I’m starting a new job next week. I hope it will (exciting/excited).
14. We were absolutely (exhausting/exhausted) after such a long walk.
15. I always feel (boring/bored) by horror films, though some people find them (exciting/excited).
8. Выберите правильное прилагательное или наречие.
1. It is (pretty/prettily) difficult to talk to her.
2. I had to work (hard/hardly) to get everything I have got now.
3. Unfortunately you’ve come too (late/lately).
4. His suggestion seemed (high/highly) unacceptable to us.
5. The plane flew very (high/highly), we could (hard/hardly) see it.
6. He lives quite (near/nearly).
7. We have seen very little of you (late/lately).
8. She is always (pretty/prettily) dressed.
9. It was difficult to walk after the rain and I (near/nearly) fell down.
10. She was (bad/badly) hurt and was taken to hospital.
11. Have you bought anything new (late/lately)?
12. She is a (high/highly) professional nurse.
13. We (hard/hardly) knew what to do next.
14. Be careful! You (near/nearly) crashed into that cyclist.
15. I think he is a (pretty/prettily) good singer.
9. Прочитайте текст и преобразуйте прилагательные и наречия.
The __________________ (interesting) of all the cities I have ever visited was New York. It was the ___________________ (good) place I have ever been to. The buildings are _________________ (tall) than those in any other city and the streets are the ___________________ (busy) streets in the world.
The __________________ (exciting) thing was the sightseeing. I saw some of the ___________________ (amazing) places in the world. The only thing was the weather. While I was in New York, the city had one of the __________________ (cold) winters and the _________________ (bad) snowstorms in several years. I would have been much _________________ (happy) if the weather had been _________________ (good).
10. Прочитайте текст и преобразуйте прилагательные и наречия.
Dear Susie,
Thank you so much for letting me stay with you in Greece last month. It was the ________________ (good) holiday I’ve ever had and it was ____________________ (much) fun than last year’s in France.
I think that people in Greece are much __________________ (friendly) than the French and they are ___________________ (easy) to communicate with. I met some people speaking good English and now I speak much __________________ (good) myself. I even Learnt some Greek but I still find it _________________ (difficult) than other languages I tried.
The weather was much ________________ (warm) than in England where we’ve had the _______________ (bad) summer in ten years.
I liked Greece so much that I think I could live there ____________________ (happily) than anywhere else in the world. It’s really one of the _____________________ (beautiful) places.
Ann
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