Обучение лексике и грамматике при подготовке к ОГЭ по английскому языку
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (9 класс) по теме
Система упражнений при подготовке учащихся к ОГЭ. Раздел "Лексика. Грамматика"
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Wordbuilding
1. Переведите следующие слова. Назовите часть речи.
Brotherhood, helpless, boredom, unequal, deepen, golden, leader, Japanese, secondary, anti-fascist, similar, peacemaker, surgery, furniture, comical, convenient, acceptable, achievement, anonymous, academician, Georgian, disarmament, witty, hysterical, co-existence, scientific, purify, materialist, rootless, international, measurement, underground, creature, dirty, apologize, agrarian, absoluteness, inventor, technical, various, tactless, creature.
2. Образуйте прилагательные от существительных при помощи следующих суффиксов: -al, -ful, -ous, - у, -able, -ible, -ic, -less, -ish. Переведите пары слов.
Reason, beauty, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, boy, success, heart, experiment, office, danger, fame, electron, nature, cloud, sun, child, Scott, history, home.
2.Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – прилагательными.
All my classmates say that I’m (1 TREND)________. I enjoy wearing (2 STYLE)________ clothes. I like to look smart and (3 ATTRACT)________. We can’t go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. It’s very (4 IMPORTANCE)_________ to follow fashion. I hate when people dress alike, because they buy clothes in “chain” stores. I prefer hand-made or design clothes. My classmates say that I’m (5 MATERIALIST)________, but it’s not a sin, is it? Sometimes I turn up in something really (6 EXTRAVAGANCE)_________. When you are up with fashion you feel you are individual.
Key: 1 trendy, 2 stylish, 3 attractive, 4 important, 5 materialistic, 6 extravagant.
3.The United States is a large country with many (1 DIFFER)__________ natural wonders. It goes from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to the islands of Hawaii in the Pacific, and from cold, snowy (2 NORTH)__________ Alaska to (3 SUN)_________ Florida in the southeast. Also, it has many kinds of land – (4 ROCK)________ coasts, dry empty deserts, (5 POWER)__________ rivers, wide plains and grasslands, lakes of all sizes, high mountains, great forests, sunny beaches and lands of (6 END)__________ winter. More than 250 million people live in the US. But the country is very big, so there is still a lot of open space and (7 NATURE)_______ scenery outside the cities. Americans have tried to save many of the most (8 BEAUTY)__________ wild areas of the United States. There are a lot of parks, forests and wildlands where you can enjoy the beauty and power of wild America. The Grand Canyon, Yosemite Valley, and Yellow-stone are among the most (9 FAME)________.
KEY: 1 different, 2 northern, 3 sunny, 4 rocky, 5 powerful, 6 endless, 7 natural, 8 beautiful, 9 famous 7.
4.Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – существительными и прилагательными.
The Olympic Games are an (1 NATION)___________ sports festival that began in ancient Greece. The (2 ORIGIN)_________ Greek games took place every fourth year for several hundred years, until they were brought to an end in the early (3 CHRIST)__________ era. The Olympic games were renewed in 1896, and since then they have been staged every fourth years, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main (4 DIFFER)_________ between ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the (5 ATHLETE)________ talents of people of all nation. The original Olympics included (6 COMPETE)__________ in music, oratory, and theatre (7 PERFORM)_________ as well. The modern Games haven’t got them, but they represent a lot more sports than before. For two weeks and a half any international conflicts must be stopped and replaced with friendly competitions. This is the noble idea on which the modern Olympic (8 MOVE)________ is based.
Key: 1 international, 2 original, 3 Christian, 4 difference, 5 athletic, 6 competitions, 7 performances, 8 movement.
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Tom and Sam were best friends. They had fights but never 1)______up their friendship. Once in search of a job they passed through many places: villages, towns, 2)_______. It was a long journey. One day they reached a desert and they 3)__________ very little water. Tom told Sam to save it for later. But Sam disagreed as he was very thirsty. The friends started to quarrel and Tom slapped Sam. Sam got very sad. He said he 4)________ before that Tom could slap him. So Sam wrote in sand, “ My best friend slapped me!” and they continued their journey in silence. Finally the friends reached an oasis. They hurried into the water. While they 5)_______, Sam began to drown and Tom risking his life saved him. Sam thanked his friend warmly. Before leaving the oasis Sam carved on the rock “My best friend saved my life!” Tom asked” Why are you writing all 6)________ things?” Sam said, “When you slapped me I was sad and wrote it in sand. But if someone 7)_________to see the words he won’t find them. Things that 8)_________on the sand disappear fast. Now I have carved the good thing on the stone, and it 9)______forever!” |
2)BEACH 3) HAVE
4)NOT THINK 5)SWIM
6) THIS 7)GO
8)WRITE 9)REMAIN |
Tom and Sam were best friends. They had fights but never 1) gave up their friendship. Once in search of a job they passed through many places: villages, towns, 2)beaches. It was a long journey. One day they reached a desert and they 3)had very little water. Tom told Sam to save it for later. But Sam disagreed as he was very thirsty. The friends started to quarrel and Tom slapped Sam. Sam got very sad. He said he 4)had not thought before that Tom could slap him. So Sam wrote in sand, “ My best friend slapped me!” and they continued their journey in silence. Finally the friends reached an oasis. They hurried into the water. While they 5)were swimming, Sam began to drown and Tom risking his life saved him. Sam thanked his friend warmly. Before leaving the oasis Sam carved on the rock “My best friend saved my life!” Tom asked” Why are you writing all 6)these things?” Sam said, “When you slapped me I was sad and wrote it in sand. But if someone 7)goes to see the words he won’t find them. Things that 8) are written on the sand disappear fast. Now I have carved the good thing on the stone, and it 9) will remain forever!” |
1) GIVE 2)BEACH
3) HAVE
4)NOT THINK
5)SWIM
6) THIS
7)GO
8)WRITE
9)REMAIN |
Most people spend all year looking forward to nice summer weather. All of winter, with 1)____dull grey cold days, they dream of lying on the sand and enjoying the bright sun. And then, summer comes, and brings rainy days. For me these are the 2)_______days of any summer. As a child, when I woke up to rainy summer days I often 3)_____.We suffered through months of school for only ten weeks of freedom and hot weather. So it wasn’t fair that I 4)________spend time at the beach or playing ball with my friends because of the rain. I was an only child, so on those rainy summer days, 5)_______absolutely nothing funny to do at home. I could only sit inside, staring out at the rain. By the time I turned 30 my opinion of summer rain 6)________. When you have 7)______every day in summer the weather is not so important. Now I spend the winter dreaming of summer and the summer dreaming of winter. When summer 8)______ I complain about how hot it is. I still 9)______rainy days but summer rain today means beautiful and cooler weather tomorrow. |
5)HAVE 6)CHANGE 7)WORK 8)COME 9) NOT LIKE |
Most people spend all year looking forward to nice summer weather. All of winter, with 1)its dull grey cold days, they dream of lying on the sand and enjoying the bright sun. And then, summer comes, and brings rainy days. For me these are the 2)worst days of any summer. As a child, when I woke up to rainy summer days I often 3) cried. We suffered through months of school for only ten weeks of freedom and hot weather. So it wasn’t fair that I 4) could not spend time at the beach or playing ball with my friends because of the rain. I was an only child, so on those rainy summer days, 5) had absolutely nothing funny to do at home. I could only sit inside, staring out at the rain. By the time I turned 30 my opinion of summer rain 6)had changed. When you have 7) to work every day in summer the weather is not so important. Now I spend the winter dreaming of summer and the summer dreaming of winter. When summer 8) comes I complain about how hot it is. I still 9) don’t like rainy days but summer rain today means beautiful and cooler weather tomorrow. | 1) IT 2) BAD 3) CRY 4) CAN NOT 5)HAVE 6)CHANGE 7)WORK 8)COME 9) NOT LIKE |
Once upon a time there was a man who had a big garden. He had planted many fruit trees and took care of 1)_____till they started to bear fruits. One day while he and his son 2)___________the fruits they saw a stranger. He was sitting on the branch of a tree and eating the 3)_________ fruits. The man shouted, “Hey you! Aren’t you ashamed of stealing?” The stranger continued eating. The gardener shouted again, “ I 4)_________ these trees, not you! You have no right to take the fruits!” The stranger answered, “Why? This garden is part of nature and nature 5)_______to anyone.” The gardener 6)_______at this answer and thought of a plan. He told his son, “go bring a stick.” His son 7) ___________ the stick and the gardener started beating the stranger. The stranger began to scream. ‘Why are you beating me? You have no right to do this.” The gardener answered, “This wood in my hand is part of nature. So it 8)_____me. The nature is beating you.” The stranger cried, “Stop, I am sorry.” The gardener said, “I will forgive you but remember things that are produced by 9)_____ belong to them.” | 1) THEY 2) PICK 3) GOOD 4) GROW 5) NOT BELONG 6) SURPRISE 7) BUY 8) NOT BE 9) PERSON |
Once upon a time there was a man who had a big garden. He had planted many fruit trees and took care of 1) them till they started to bear fruits. One day while he and his son 2) were picking the fruits they saw a stranger. He was sitting on the branch of a tree and eating the 3) best fruits. The man shouted, “Hey you! Aren’t you ashamed of stealing?” The stranger continued eating. The gardener shouted again, “ I 4)have grown these trees, not you! You have no right to take the fruits!” The stranger answered, “Why? This garden is part of nature and nature 5) doesn’t belong to anyone.” The gardener 6) was surprised at this answer and thought of a plan. He told his son, “go bring a stick.” His son 7) bought the stick and the gardener started beating the stranger. The stranger began to scream. ‘Why are you beating me? You have no right to do this.” The gardener answered, “This wood in my hand is part of nature. So it 8) is not me. The nature is beating you.” The stranger cried, “Stop, I am sorry.” The gardener said, “I will forgive you but remember things that are produced by 9) people belong to them.” | 1) THEY 2) PICK 3) GOOD 4) GROW 5) NOT BELONG 6) SURPRISE 7) BUY 8) NOT BE 9) PERSON |
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Какие могут быть советы по данным заданиям? Прежде чем выполнять задания 18-26 , заполняя пропуски, нужно прочитать обязательно весь рассказ или текст целиком, чтобы понять содержание. Подсказка на выбор правильной грамматической формы слова необязательно находится в самом предложении, а может быть, например, в предыдущем предложении. Если требуется поставить глагол в нужную форму, прежде всего, определи, в каком залоге (активном или пассивном) стоит сказуемое. (этот момент очень важен, так как дети часто не видят этого, поэтому я постоянно акцентирую на это внимание!)
При определении временной формы глагола обрати внимание на ключевые слова (или как я их называю «слова-подсказки»). Поищи в предложении те слова, которые помогут определить нужное время. Если их нет, то прочитай предыдущее предложение и посмотри, в каком времени стоит глагол. Обычно в тексте все предложения взаимосвязаны. Часто в задании требуется образовать от глагола причастие (третья форма глагола) или герундий (к глаголу прибавляется окончание - ing ). Определи, какое это причастие — активное (герундий) или пассивное (третья форма глагола).
Если в задании стоит числительное, например, two , то скорее всего, требуется образовать порядковое числительное например, second . Если необходимо преобразовать местоимение, определи, какая форма требуется, например стоит местоимение We . Подумай, что здесь может быть: our (за ним сразу стоит существительное), us , ourselves или ours (без существительного). Если речь идёт об указательном местоимении, то посмотри какое может быть число ед. или мн. (this-these)
Если нужно преобразовать существи - тельное, то здесь нужно вспомнить правила образования множественного числа существительных . Часто бывают именно исключения ( mouse – mice , man-men ) Если нужно преобразовать прилагательное, то здесь речь идёт о степенях сравнения . Это либо сравнительная, либо превос - ходная ( bad – worse -the worst ) .
Verb transformations Read the sentences and complete the gaps in the correct form 1. I always ____ (drink) milk for my breakfast but today I_____ (have ) a cup of hot cocoa. 2. Julia is sick so she_____ (not come) to our meeting today. Let’s start. 3. Open the door! Someone ______( just ring) the bell for the second time. 4. While Frank____ (study) last night, his sister____ (make) ten calls on his mobile. 5. I____ (write) most of my report yesterday but I(finish) it yet. (drink, am having, /hasn’t come, / has just rung, /was studying, made,/wrote, haven’t finished)
Прочитайте текст и напишите соответствующую форму слова , данного под номерами 18-26 Playing Children ……… ( ENJOY 18 ) playing since the first humans walked on the Earth thousands of years ago. Playing………..( SEEM 19 )to be an important way for children to learn how to work together. It also helps…… ( THEY 20 )find out how the world works. Indeed, many scientists think that one of the ………( GOOD 21 ) ways for children to learn a foreign language, for example, is to learn while playing games. Children play games and play with toys, but what ………… ( BE 22 )the differences between games and toys? Firstly, toys ………. ( NOT HAVE 23 )rules or winners and losers. Most games do. Secondly, a toy is always a physical thing that someone …………….. ( 24 MAKE ). Monopoly, for example,………….. ( 25NEED ) physical equipment but others, like word games, do not . Ключи 18 haveenjoyed / 19 seems / 20 them/ 21 best/ 22 are/ 23 don’thave / 24 hasmade / 25 needs
Wordbuilding - ly -able un- im - -y - dom - il re- -or( er ) - ment - ful - ing -(t)ion -al
Назовите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные: Protection, show, writer, worker, movement, investigation, achievement, statement, reader, department, equipment, construction, organization, reporter, arrival, improvement, conductor, establishment, development, education, definition, regulation, assistance, agreement.
Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к ка кой части речи эти слова относятся: British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса - en : Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у : Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.
ТИПИЧНЫЕ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ DIFFER – ATTRACT - COMPETE - FAME - SENSE- FRIEND- SYMPATHY- STRONG- NATURE - CONFIDENT- SERIOUS- SAFE- PROTECT DANGER SCIENCE- IMPORTANCE- WONDER USUAL- COMFORT WONDER USE - EASY- GREAT- SUCCESS- ABLE- ECONOMY -ENJOY- NERVE- BEAUTY REAL-
Board Games Choose the correct words. Playing a board game is ___( popular/ unpopular ) way of spending time but the board game has also a long___ ( history/ historical ). ____( Historicals /Historians )think that one of the oldest board games was called Senet . It was ( discovered/ uncovered ) in tombs from Ancient Egypt in the 4 th century BC. The board has thirty squares and two sets of___( pieces/peaces ) made of different______( products/ production ) . Although no-one knows exactly how to play Senet , some____( experts/exports ) believe it is similar to backgammon. The history of backgammon itself goes back approximately 5,000years.( Archaeologists/Archaeology ) working in Iran have found that a similar game was played there around 3,000 BC.
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE be angry anger angry decide decision decisive (indecisive) live life alive hate hatred hateful pain pain painful die death dead poison poison poisonous (poisoned) suspect suspect suspicious depress depression depressing (depressive) behave behavior -- offend offence offensive
Complete the sentences with a word from exercise 1 1. Mark never believes anything to say, he always thinks people are trying to trick him. He is a very ……… person.( suspicious ) 2. Steve was a bit ……..and upset after he failed his driving test, but he’s fine now.( depressed ) 3. Kate is often…… She can’t make her mind up about anything, she takes a long time to…..what she wants to do.( indecisive, decide ) 4.The children were very naughty in class today. That kind of….. Is not acceptable, the teacher is going to speak to them about it. ( behaviour )
Word Formation 1. W ales is part of the United Kingdom, so you can’t really call it an ____(depend) country. 2. Summer’s here again, and sale sof sunglasses, swimsuits and the like are a____(boom) business. 3. I asked my sister to lend me her T-shirt; ___(surprise), she said ’yes’! 4. Everyone asks Pauline for advice as she’s the most____ (experience) member of the stuff. 5. After the war, many people had to live in ____ (crowd) flats and houses. (Independent,/booming/,surprisingly/,experienced/ , overcrowded)
Complete the article with the correct form of the word. DEVELOP 1. A good diet and lots of exercise are essential for a child’s healthy growth and____. 2.I took a history course that dealt with the ____of popular culture. 3. It became clear that he____ like all the other little boys. 4. I’m looking for a job which will enable me to_____ my talent. 5. Sharks have a highly____ sense of smell. 6. ______ countries have little industry or wealth but have the ability to grow economically.
Use the words in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the same line: CHINA Two centuries ago China was seen as a (0)……. of mystery combine (0) combination and wasteland. Its only (1) ….. export was tea. However, fame (1)…………… over the years (2)….. in China has changed. Many have live (2)……………. noted the change in Chinese (3)…….. especially the social (3)…………… (4)……… of its people. treat (4)……………. A (5)………. of the West and the East is now found in mix (5)…………… modern businesses. The (6)…….. of weapons and the product (6)…………… growth of its army have made China a world power. But urban development has been (7)…….. to the Chinese. harm (7)…………… Thousands of (8)….. peasant farmers have been lucky (8)…………… attracted to the new cities. Their (9)…… of the land is forgotten and many die know (9)…………… homeless. China’s future is (10)…….; no one knows what will predictable (10)…………. happen next.
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