Методическое пособие "Стихотворения и рифмовки для обучения грамматике английского языка"
учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 класс) на тему

Методическое пособие

 «Стихотворения и рифмовки для обучения грамматике английского языка»

 ( автор:  учитель английского языка Кирьянова О.В.)

1.    Пояснительная записка.

    Изучение иностранного языка требует нелегкой систематической работы. Наиболее сложным в овладении языком является изучение грамматики. Система времен английского языка и другие грамматические явления отличаются от родного языка, а иногда не имеют аналогов в нем. Поэтому дети часто считают грамматику неинтересной, скучной. Чтобы сделать этот процесс более занимательным и эффективным, можно использовать различные материалы и упражнения. Например, в виде  рифмовок  и стихотворений. Это как раз  тот текстовый материал, который дети любят, который им интересен, а следовательно, работа с ним положительно эмоционально окрашена для ученика, что в значительной степени содействует усвоению материала.

            Грамматические рифмовки являются очень хорошим подспорьем в процессе обучения, так как помогают пусть и в стихотворной форме запомнить различные грамматические особенности английского языка.

Методическое пособие преследует цели:

- осуществлять эстетическое воспитание учащихся  посредством стихотворных форм текса;

 - эффективно  закреплять грамматический материала, в сочетании с фонетикой и лексикой;

- способствовать  развитию у школьников чувства языка и его стилистических особенностей;

- создавать  благоприятный психологический климат благодаря использованию стихотворений и рифмовок на уроке;

- знакомить обучающихся не только с английской поэзией, но и вводить в культуру стран английского языка, знакомить  с  традициями и обычаями.

   Рифмованные структуры и стихи могут быть успешно использованы на этапе презентации нового грамматического явления (в качестве иллюстрированного материала для формулирования правила его употребления);

- на этапе формирования рецептивных навыков (узнавание той или иной грамматической формы в другом контексте);

- при формировании продуктивных грамматических навыков говорения ( благодаря упражнениям на подстановку, трансформацию, расширение структур и комбинирование грамматического материала с ранее  изученным и усвоенным учащимися).

2.Структура пособия.

Методическое пособие состоит из нескольких частей.

    В первой части пособия собраны стихотворения и рифмовки для обучающихся 5-6  классов , где сделана подборка стихотворений посвященная одному грамматическому явлению. В подборке стихов представлены грамматические времена, вопросительные, отрицательные формы грамматических времен, модальные глаголы, местоимения ,степени сравнения прилагательных.

  Во второй части пособия представлены стихотворения и рифмовки из английского фольклора(Nursery rhymes) изучение  которых позволяет обучающимся 7-9 классов не только познакомиться с культурными ценностями англоязычной страны, но и сравнить эти ценности с ценностями своей страны, что способствует формированию общей культуры обучающегося. Данный социокультурный компонент позволит расширить общий, культурный, социальный кругозор обучающихся.

   В третьей части собраны подлинные оригинальные стихотворения известных английских поэтов, что бесспорно является  самым успешным средством развития социокультурной компетенции  обучающихся 10-11 классов, погружение в атмосферу культуры, традиций, обычаев и социальных норм страны изучаемого языка.

3.Методические рекомендации при работе с рифмовками и стихотворениями при обучении.

грамматики английского языка.

1. Основные этапы работы с рифмовками на начальном этапе.

При заучивании рифмовок с детьми перед учителем встает несколько задач; вызвать интерес к рифмовке, желание знать ее, помочь понять содержание в целом, помочь запомнить нужный элемент (элементы) наизусть, научить выразительно читать, обеспечить запоминание всей рифмовки.

С целью обеспечения всех этих задач предлагается следующий порядок разучивания рифмовок:

-выбирая рифмовку, учитель определяет в ней главный объект отработки (грамматическое явление);

-сообщает название рифмовки, переводит или семантизирует при помощи наглядности;

объясняет задание обучающимся ;

-знакомит обучающихся с рифмовкой, прочитывая ее два раза;

-доводит содержание рифмовки до сознания обучающихся (объясняет общий смысл; читая, просит детей догадаться, о чем идет речь, корректируя их ответы и так далее);

-проводит отработку наиболее трудных слов, словосочетаний, структур;

-организует индивидуальное повторение слов, структур за учителем;

-обеспечивает хоровое повторение рифмовки построчно за учителем два раза, при необходимости больше;

-проводит одновременное декламирование учителем и обучающимися рифмовки в целом.

На уроке, на котором вводится рифмовка, индивидуальное ее прочтение каждым ребенком  рекомендуется после записи рифмовки в тетрадь.

Во время разучивания учитель должен подойти к каждому ученику и прислушаться, правильно ли он проговаривает материал. Если требуется, откорректировать. Поскольку с третьего раза чтения рифмовки внимание обучающихся ослабевает, а текст еще недостаточно хорошо разучен, учитель меняет форму повторения. Он может предложить детям встать и повторять за ним стоя. При следующем прочтении учитель делит детей на две группы. Каждая группа по очереди проговаривает строчку за строчкой, или соревнуется - «чей шепот четче».

     Во время декламирования рифмовок учитель должен обращать внимание детей на правильность и рациональность использования выдоха, приучая детей произносить небольшие фразы на одном дыхании. Совершенствованию речевого дыхания способствует произнесение рифмовок в замедленном темпе, что в свою очередь позволяет тщательно отработать произношение звуков, слов.

     Исходя из всего вышеизложенного, можно сделать следующие выводы:

Проблема использования стихотворений и рифмовок  в обучении грамматике английского языка заслуживает должного внимания на всех ступенях обучения, начиная с начального, заканчивая старшим, так как повышает эффект обучения. Использование стихотворений и рифмовок на уроке английского языка дает импульс творческому воображению детей, обладает огромным эмоциональным воздействием, играет огромную роль при обучении грамматическому аспекту иностранного языка, позволяет ученикам достичь хороших результатов в изучении английского языка.

  PART1   Рифмовки и стихотворения для 5-6 класса:

Формы глагола to be:

I am Ann,

You are Dan,

He is Peter,

She is Rita.

Общие вопросы с глаголом «tobe»

Is it a dog?

Is it a frog?

Is it a cat?

Is it a rat?

Is it a mouse?

Is it a house?

Is it a ball?

Is it a doll?

Общие вопросы с глаголом «do»

Do you like pizza, do you like cheese?

Do you like oranges, do you like peas?

Do you like football, do you like TV?

I like you very-very much, do you like me?

Do you like English, do you like gym?

Do you like Kelly, do you like Jim?

Do you like the mountains, do you like the sea?

I like you very-very much, do you like me?

Специальные вопросы с глаголом «to be»

Where are you?

I have got a big black dog,

And a little light-green frog,

And a big soft brown bear.

Tell me, where are you?

Where?

A mini cap

A maxi blouse,

Fancy sandals

And a scarf.

What is it?

It’s a giraffe.

What is your name?

2 and 4 and 6 and 8.

What’s your name?

My name is Kate.

7 and 8, 9 and 10.

What’s your name?

My name is Ben.

Who is big?

-Tell me, please,

Who is big?

Who is long?

Who is strong?

-The tiger is big.

The cobra is long.

They both are strong.

Am I wrong?

Present Simple:

I live here,

You live near,

Tom lives so far

That he goes by car.

I have a cat, his name is Pit.

And by the fire he likes to sit.

Each day I bring him a dish of milk.

And smooth his coat that shines like silk.

And on my knee he likes to sit.

For Pit loves me and I love Pit.

I love my cat.

It’s warm and fat.

My cat is grey.

It likes to play.

Специальные вопросы в «Present Simple»

Butterfly, butterfly,

Where do you fly?

So quick and high

In the blue, blue sky.

-Octopus, Octopus,

Why do you swim?

- I have legs, but cannot walk,

That’s why I swim.

Who does what?

-Do you know who does what?

Who sings?

Who flies?

Who plays?

Who cries?

-The birds sing and fly.

The girls play and smile.

The boys fight

To prove that they are right.

Present Simple в придаточных условия и времени

When I am ten

I’ll get a pen,

Then I shall write

Like brother Ben.

Robin Hood

Has gone to the wood,

He’ll come back again

If the poors complain.

Past Simple

Little fishes in a brook,

Father caught them on a hook,

Mother fried them in a pan,

Johnny ate them like a man.

Специальные вопросы в «Past Simple»

How did you travel?

How did you travel:

By auto or camel?

I started with rain

By car and by train.

I finished my rout

By bus ,then on foot.

Для изучения глагольного времени«Past Simple»можно использовать следующее трехстишье:

I didn’t miss my chance:

Last year I visited France,

Last month I went to Rome,

Last week I stayed at home.

-What did you watch? What did you play?

What did you listen to yesterday?

Where did you walk? Who did you phone?

What did you do when you arrived home?

-I watched TV, I played my guitar,

I listened to my favourite singing star.

I walked to school, I phoned my friend,

I finished all my homework in the end.

I didn’t watch a film, I didn’t play a ball,

And I didn’t listen to anything at all.

I didn’t walk here and I didn’t phone there,

I stayed at home and I washed my hair!

Общие и специальные вопросы в «Future Simple»

To Australia with a pet

Tell me, please, how will you get?

Will you take it in your pocket?

Will you take it in your socks?

Will you take it in a packet?

Will you put it in your box?

Present   Continuous 

(Singular):

Jane is sweeping the floor,

Kate is washing the door,

Ann is feeding her cat,

Mag is brushing her hat.

 (Plural):

The cats are sleeping,

The mice are eating,

The birds are singing,

The ducks are swimming.

I am counting to ten,

You are giving them a pen,

She is looking at the door,

He is sitting on the floor.

All of us are working well,

Waiting, waiting for the bell.

I am calling my friends

At half past three.

They are very busy,

They can't come to me:

Pete is reading a book,

Kate is learning to cook,

Pat is feeding her cat,

Jack is tidying his flat.

Специальные  вопросы в «Present Continuous»

-Who is riding in the cab?

-A crab.

-Who is jumping in the hall?

-A ball.

-Who isn’t eating macaroni?

-A pony.

Why aren’t you playing?

-Why aren’t you playing with the mice?

- I don’t want to hurt them, they are nice.

-Why aren’t you playing with the ball?

-I’m not in the mood to play at all.

-Why don’t you want to sing a song?

- I think that all the songs are wrong.

Past  Continuous

A quiet family

The mother was cooking,

The father was reading,

The son was eating,

The daughter was sleeping.

The music was playing,

The floor was creaking,

The dog was barking,

The phone was ringing.

Future Continuous

All day long tomorrow

Mr. Boring will be snoring.

Mr. Bumping will be jumping.

Mr. Freezing will be sneezing.

Mr. Wishing will be fishing.

The cats will be sleeping.

The mice will be eating.

The birds will be singing.

The ducks will be swimming.

Present Perfect

I’m glad

I’ve met my friend —

I’m so glad.

I’ve cleaned my flat —

I’m so glad.

I’ve bought a new hat —

I’m so glad.

I’ve washed my cat —

I’m so glad.

I've been to the Zoo,

I've seen a kangaroo,

I've eaten a cake-

I'm feeling great!

An absent-minded man

I’ve lost my glasses —

I can’t go to classes.

I’ve lost my bag —

I can’t put in my snack.

I’ve lost my sock —

I can’t go for a walk.

I’ve lost my way —

What a terrible day!

Модальные глаголы 

I can go to the Zoo,

I can see a kangaroo,

I can feed a hare,

I can draw a bear.

Mother, Mother, look at me:

I can draw a little bee,

I can drink a cup of tea,

I can watch TV.

Sport is fun for girls and boys.

It’s much better than the toys.

You can sledge, and ski, and skate,

And play snowballs up to late.

You can swim and play football,

Hockey, tennis, basketball.

You can jump and you can run,

You can have a lot of fun.

Общие вопросы с модальным глаголом «Can»

Can you eat your jam with bacon?

Can you play with an apricot?

Can you sleep on a radiator?

My cat can, but I cannot!

Общие вопросы с модальным глаголом «Must»

What must be short?

Your shorts must be short!

What must be warm?

Your jumper must be warm!

What must be bright?

Your smile must be bright!

What must be good?

Your mood must be good!

Общие вопросы с конструкцией «havegot / hasgot»

I am a kitten,

I've got a mitten.

I am a giraffe,

I've got a scarf.

It is a kitten,

It has got a mitten.

It is a giraffe,

It has got a scarf.

Have you got a dolphin?

Has he got a dog?

Has she got a penguin?

Have they got a frog?

The Past Indefinite and Present Perfect Tenses

-Little girl, little girl,

Where have you been?

-I’ve been to see grandmother

Over the green.

-What did she give you?

-Milk in a can.

-What did you say for it?

-Thank you, Grandmam!

Притяжательные местоимения

My Bike is golden,

Your bike is blue,

His bike is old,

Her bike is new.

Our bikes are very fast,

Their bikes are slow.

My riding is a superclass!..

I’m falling down! Oh, no!

Употребление артиклей:

I know a doctor. – The doctor is nice.

I know a teacher. – The teacher is wise.

I know a girl. – The girl is pretty.

I know a boy. – The boy is witty.

При повторении порядковых числительных:

At the Zoo

There are eight monkey sat the Zoo:

The first monkey is mind,

The second monkey is wild,

The third monkey is small,

The fourth monkey is tall,

The fifth monkey is mad,

The sixth monkey is sad,

The seventh monkey is cold,

The eighth monkey is old.

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Andy:

Your tiger is wild,

But mine is wilder.

Your heart is kind,

But mine is kinder.

Sandy:

Anything you can do,

I can do better:

Anything you can say,

I can say wiser.

Anything you can draw,

I can draw nicer.

Anything you can buy,

I can buy cheaper.

Anything you can learn,

I can learn quicker.

What is sweeter?

Honey is sweeter than sugar,

Coffee is stronger than tea,

Juice is better than water,

You can’t be smarter than me.

A peach is sweeter than a cake,

A sea is deeper than a lake.

A boy is noisier than a bee,

A girl is shorter than a tree.

A plane is faster than a train,

A bike is slower than a plane.

A duck is bigger than a frog,

A cat is weaker than a dog.

Four friends

Tom is the youngest,

John is the oldest,

Ann is the shortest,

Jane is the tallest.

A teaser

-I’ve got the biggest ball.

-I’ve got the nicest doll.

-I’ve got the softest bear.

-I’ve got the fastest hare.

The duty of the strong

You who are the oldest,        

You who are the tallest,        

Don't you think you ought to help

The youngest and the smallest?        

You who are the strongest,        

You who are the quickest,        

Don't you think you ought to help

The weakest and the sickest?        

Never mind the trouble,        

Help them all you can;

Be a little woman!        

Be a little man!

The Pacific Ocean is the largest in the world,

The Nile is the longest river,

Angel is the highest waterfall,

Greenland is the largest island in the world,

The largest country is the Russian Federation,

China has the largest population,

The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest,

The largest arid land is the Sahara Desert.

PART 2: « Рифмы матушки Гусыни» ( для обучающихся 7-9 классов)

Baa, baa, black sheep

- Baa, baa, black sheep, 

Have you any wool?

-Yes, sir, yes, sir,

Three bags full.

One for the master,

One for the dame,

And one for the little boy

Who lives down the lane.

Mrs. Hen

- Cook, cook, cook, cook, cook.

- Good-morning, mrs. Hen.

- How many chickens have you got?

- Madam, I’ve got ten.

Four of them are yellow,

And four of them are brown,

 And two of them are speckled red,

The nicest in the town.

Where are you going… ?

Where are you going, 
my little kittens?
We are going to town,
To get us some mittens.
What, mittens for kittens!
Do kittens wear mittens?
Who ever saw little kittens
With mittens?

Four and twenty tailors

Four and twenty tailors
Went to kill a snail,
The best man among them
Durst not touch her tail;
She put out her horns
Like a little Kyloe cow,
Run, tailors, run,
Or she'll kill you all e'en now.

Cobbler, cobbler, mend my shoe 

Cobbler, cobbler, mend my shoe.

Get it done by half past two.

Half past two is much too late!

Get it done by half past eight.

Stitch it up, and stitch it down,

And I'll give you a half a crown.

London Bridge is broken down,

Broken down, broken down,

London Bridge is broken down,

My fair Lady.

Build it up with wood and clay,

Wood and clay, wood and clay,

Build it up with wood and clay,

My fair Lady.

Wood and clay will wash away,

Wash away, wash away,

Wood and clay will wash away,

My fair Lady.

Robin the Bobin, the big-bellied Ben.

He ate more meat than fourscore men;

He ate a cow, he ate a calf,

He ate a butcher and a half,

He ate a church, he ate a steeple,

He ate a priest and all the people!

A cow and a calf,

An ox and a half,

A church and a steeple,

And all good people,

And yet he complained that his stomach wasn’t full.

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,            

Humpty Dumpty had   a  great  fall;      

 All the king’s horses and all the king’s men

Can not put Humpty Dumpty together again.

A man of words and not of deeds 
Is like a garden full of weeds
And when the weeds begin to grow 
It's like a garden full of snow 
And when the snow begins to fall 
It's like a bird upon the wall 
And when the bird away does fly 
It's like an eagle in the sky 
And when the sky begins to roar 
It's like a lion at the door 
And when the door begins to crack 
It's like a stick across your back 
And when your back begins to smart
It's like a penknife in your heart 
And when your heart begins to bleed 
You're dead, and dead, and dead indeed.

    JACK AND JILL

Jack and Jill went up the hill,

To fetch a pail of water;

Jack fell down, and broke his crown,

And Jill came tumbling after.

When up Jack got and off did trot,

As fast as he could caper,

To old Dame Dob, who patched his nob

With vinegar and brown paper.

CROOKED SIXPENCE

There was a crooked man,

and he went a crooked mile,

He found a crooked sixpence

beside a crooked stile;

He bought a crooked cat,

which caught a crooked mouse,

And they all lived together

in a little crooked house.

COFFEE AND TEA

Molly, my sister and I fell out,

And what do you think it was all about?

She loved coffee and I loved tea,

And that was the reason we couldn't agree.

Лимерики.

There was an Old Man of Peru,
Who dreamt he was eating his shoe.
He awoke in the night
In a terrible fright
And found it was perfectly true!

There was a Young Lady of Niger,
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;
They returned from the ride
With the Lady inside,
And the smile on the face of the tiger.

There was a young lady named Bright
Who travelled much faster than light.
She started one day
In a relative way
And returned on the previous night.

PART3: Стихотворения английских поэтов( для обучающихся 10-11 класса).

 The Falling Star 

I saw a star slide down the sky,

Blinding the north as it went by,

Too burning and too quick to hold,

Too lovely to be bought or sold,

Good only to make wishes on

And then forever to be gone.

   ( Sara Teasdale)

The Riddling Knight
O, what is louder than a horn?
And what is sharper than a thorn?
What is heavier than the lead
And what is better than the bread?
O, what is higher than the tree?
And what is deeper than the sea?
O, shame is louder than the a horn,
 And hunger is sharper than a thorn.
And sin is heavier than the lead,
And the blessing’s better than the bread.
O, Heaven is higher than the tree,
And love is deeper than the sea. 

   (Arthur Quiller-Couch)

 Where Do Bugs Go?

Can you tell me where bugs go
   when it’s cold and starts to snow?
Are they all beneath the ground
  sleeping snugly, safe and sound?
Are they burrowed in a tree
   hiding where no one can see?
Did they leave this chilly land
  settling where the climate’s grand?
Can you tell me where bugs go,
   or must I be a hug to know?

               (Robert Frost)

Chartless

I never saw a moor,
I never saw the sea;
Yet now I know how the heather looks,
And what a wave must be.

I never spoke with God,
Nor visited in Heaven;
Yet certain am I of the spot
As if the chart were given.

THE ARROW AND THE SONG

I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For, so swiftly it flew, the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.

I breathed a song into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For who has sight so keen and strong,
That it can follow the flight of song?

Long, long afterward, in an oak
I found the arrow, still unbroke;
And the song, from beginning to end,
I found again in the heart of a friend.

      (H.Longfellow)

I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud

I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

      (William Wordsworth)

Crossing The Bar

Sunset and evening star,

And one clear call for me!

And may there be no moaning of the bar,

When I put out to sea,

But such a tide as moving seems asleep,

Too full for sound and foam,

When that which drew from out the boundless deep

Turns again home.

Twilight and evening bell,

And after that the dark!

And may there be no sadness of farewell,

When I embark;

For tho’ from out our bourne of Time and Place

The flood may bear me far,

I hope to see my Pilot face to face

When I have crost the bar.

         (Alfred, Lord Tennyson)