Комплект лекций по дисциплине «Английский язык» (раздел «Глаголы: Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous») для студентов 2 курса
методическая разработка по английскому языку (11 класс) на тему

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

«Арзамасский коммерческо-технический техникум»

Н.Б. Красникова

Комплект лекций

по дисциплине «Английский язык»

(раздел «Глаголы: Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous») для студентов 2 курса

                                                          Арзамас

                                                              2016

Одобрен методическим объединением социально-экономических и гуманитарных дисциплин

Протокол №__  от ______ 2016 г.

Красникова Н.Б.

Комплект лекций по дисциплине «Английский язык» (раздел «Глаголы (Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous)» для студентов I курса. – Арзамас: ГБПОУ АКТТ, 2016. – 28 с.

Комплект лекций содержит материал для изучения случаев употребления, особенностей образования и указателей времени Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous; а также упражнения для закрепления изученного.

© Арзамасский коммерческо-технический

    техникум, 2016

                                          СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Введение

1. Present Perfect
2. Present Perfect Continuous
3. Past Perfect
4. Past Perfect Continuous
5. Future Perfect
6. Future Perfect Continuous

Литература

Введение

    Данный  комплект лекций содержит материал для изучения случаев употребления, особенностей образования и указателей времени Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous; а также упражнения для закрепления изученного.

    Цель данных лекций: формировать грамматические навыки студентов

• знать основные различия систем видовременных форм глагола в русском и английском языках, построение отрицательных и вопросительных предложений, порядок членов предложения и др.).
• правильно употреблять видовременные формы английского глагола
• формулировать грамматические правила, в том числе с использо-ванием графической опоры (образца, схемы, таблицы).
• прогнозировать грамматические формы незнакомого слова или

           конструкции, зная правило их образования либо сопоставляя с

           формами известного слова или конструкции.

THE PRESENT PERFECFT TENSE

    Настоящее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое мы не знаем или нам не важно, когда точно произошло, но важен результат. В предложении употребляются следующие обстоятельства: ever, never, just, already, yet, today, this week (month, Monday, year), recently, lately.

I have already written a letter.

I have finished my work this week.

Образование PRESENT PERFECT

Утвердительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола have/ has и третьей формы глагола либо глагола с окончанием –ed.

HAVE (HAS) + Ved (V3)

Отрицательная форма: после have (has) ставится not.

I have not done my homework  yet.

HAVE + NOT +V3 (Ved) have not = haven’t

HAS +NOT+V3 (Ved) has not=hasn’t

Вопросительная форма: have (has) ставится перед подлежащим.

Have you done your homework yet?

HAVE (HAS) + подлежащее + Ved (V3)

! В разговорной речи have (has) имеет сокращенный вид ‘ve (‘s)– эта форма присоединяется к подлежащему:

I’ve already written my letter.

РАЗЛИЧИЕ МЕЖДУ

PAST SIMPLE И PRESENT PERFECT

Exercise1. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Present Perfect. Предложения могут быть утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные.

Например:      I never … (be) to Australia. – I  have never been  to Australia. (Я никогда не был в Австралии.)

             He … (pass) the exam? – Has he passed the exam? (Он сдал экзамен?)

1. We just … (meet) an American actor. (Мы только что встретили американского актера.)
2. Your husband … (sell) the house? (Твой муж продал дом?)
3. I … (not start) my new job yet. (Я еще не начала свою новую работу.)
4. You … (be) to New York before? (Вы были в Нью-Йорке раньше?)
5. Ann … (not choose) the dessert yet. (Аня еще не выбрала десерт.)
6. They … (do) the shopping today. (Они сделали покупки сегодня.)
7. Tom … ever (visit) Disneyland? (Том когда-либо посещал Диснейленд?)
8. I just … (see) a horror film. (Я только что посмотрела фильм ужасов.)
9. She … (not find) her coat. (Она не нашла свое пальто.)
10. The cat already … (eat up) the fish. (Кошка уже доела рыбу.)

Exercise 2. Посмотрите на план подготовки к свадьбе. Напишите о том, что уже сделано, а что - еще нет. Используйте глаголы в Present Perfect и наречия already (уже) и yet (еще не).

Например:      We haven’t talked to the priest yet. (Мы  еще не поговорили со священником.)

  We have already booked the restaurant. (Мы уже зарезервировали ресторан.)

1. talk to the priest (-)
2. book the restaurant (+)
3. send the invitations (+)
4. buy the rings (-)
5. choose the food (+)
6. confirm the hotel (-)
7. book the wedding procession (+)
8. find the photographer (-)

Exercise 3. Расставьте слова по порядку. Переведите получившиеся предложения.

1. have – Britain – several – I – to – times – been
2. Spain – since – she – lived – in – 1994 – has
3. five – married – have – they – years – been – for
4. I – coffee – made – already – for – have – you
5. never – Bob – a bike – has – had

Exercise 4. Поставьте наречия из скобок в нужное место.

1. Have you washed your hands? (already)
2. We have phoned the doctor. (just)
3. Has she ridden a horse? (ever)
4. I have danced the tango. (never)
5. The train hasn’t arrived. (yet)

Exercise 5. Составьте предложения в Present Perfect, используя for (в течение) или since (с тех пор как).

Например:  I – not – meet – George – last month. – I haven’t met George since

 last month. (Я не встречала Джорджа с прошлого месяца.)

1. We – know – him – six months.
2. Jack – not – play – hockey – last winter.
3. Mary – be – a real friend – our childhood.
4. They – live – in Tokyo – a long time.
5. My Dad – work – as a builder – three years.

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    Настоящее завершённое время указывает на действие, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось в течение некоторого времени и либо закончилось непосредственно перед разговором или все еще продолжается в момент разговора.  В предложении употребляются следующие обстоятельства: since, for.

I have been waiting here for 2 hours!
Я прождал здесь два часа!

We have been preparing for our exam since morning.
Мы готовились к экзамену с самого утра.

Образование PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Утвердительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов have been (has been) и причастия I.

I have been learning English since the second form.

HAVE (HAS)+ BEEN + Ving

Отрицательная форма: после have (has) ставится not.

I have not been learning English since the second form.

HAVE (HAS) + NOT +Ving   have (has) not = haven’t (hasn’t)

Вопросительная форма: have (has) ставится перед подлежащим.

Have you been learning English since the second form?

HAVE (HAS) + подлежащее + BEEN Ving   ….?

! В разговорной речи have (has) имеет сокращенный вид ‘ve (s) – эта форма присоединяется к подлежащему:

I’ve been learning English since the second form.

Exercise1. Use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense of the verbs in brackets.

1. He (to repair) the ceiling for the whole morning. Maybe he needs some help?

2. They (to play) football for two hours already.

3. Where it (to be)? I (to search) for it all day!

4. Jenna (to talk) to the marketing director for two hours right now.

5. I (to read) this new novel for the last several days.

6. Uncle Tim (to decorate) the New Year Tree for the whole day.

7. You (to clean) the yard for the last 2 hours?

8. The soup (to boil) since 12 a.m. Should I turn it off?

9.  He (to talk) about their new development strategy for the last three hours.

10. My father (to send) application letters for half a year already and still he hasn’t got a job.  

Exercise 2. Use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense of the verbs in brackets.

1)—What an amazing taste coming from the kitchen! What is it?     —I (to cook) an apple pie.

2) —I had no idea Mary could drive.    —Yes, she (to drive) since last May.

3) —Let’s go. We are already late!   —Relax! I (to prepare) for this party for the last 8 hours. It can wait 2 more minutes.

4) You (to see) my documents? I (to look) for them since last Saturday.

5) My two little brothers (to play) the computer game for the last two hours.

6) Is that Mrs. Thompson? The one he (to talk) about for the last two weeks?

7) You (to watch) television for too long! You should turn it off.

8) He doesn’t give any attention to me. He (to talk) to this woman for the last 40 minutes.

9)  We (to live) in this house for twelve years already.

10) Daniel (to work) for the same employer for 10 years.  

Exercise 2.  Translate from Russian into English.

1. Я учу японский язык с октября.
2. Она работает в Сингапуре с 2014 года.
3.  Как долго идет дождь?
4. Мэри ищет работу уже шесть месяцев.
5. Китти путешествует уже последние 4 месяца.
6. Она учила этот предмет на протяжении 5 лет.
7. Сэм очень устал. Он тяжело работал весь день.
8. —Ты звонила Тони? —Да, она придет сегодня. Она готовилась к экзамену последние несколько дней.
9. Лори занималась в библиотеке последние 6 часов.
10. Мы планировали эту поездку месяцами.  
    
                            THE PAST PERFECFT TENSE

    Прошедшее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, закончившегося к определённому моменту в прошлом. Этот момент может быть определен как обстоятельством времени: by five o’clock (к пяти часам), by Saturday (к субботе), так и другим действием, выраженным глаголом в Past Simple:

I had written a letter by 7 o’clock yesterday.

I had finished my work when you came.

Образование PAST PERFECT

Утвердительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had для всех лиц и третьей формы глагола либо глагола с окончанием –ed.

HAD + Ved (V3)

Отрицательная форма: после had ставится not.

I had not done my homework by 5 o’clock yesterday.

HAD + NOT +V3 (Ved) had not = hadn’t

Вопросительная форма: had ставится перед подлежащим.

Had you done your homework by 5 o’clock yesterday?

HAD + подлежащее + Ved (V3)

! В разговорной речи had имеет сокращенный вид ‘d – эта форма присоединяется к подлежащему:

I’d written my letter by 7 o’clock.

                                           РАЗЛИЧИЕ МЕЖДУ

PAST SIMPLE И PAST PERFECT

   ! Past Perfect употребляется в сложных предложениях вместе с Past Simple. В сложных предложениях, относящихся к прошлому, то действие, которое было раньше, обозначается Past Perfect, а то, что позже – Past Simple.

   I had had dinner before mother came. (Я сначала пообедал – Past Perfect, а потом пришла мама – Past Simple)

   Указатели времени: by 5 o’clock yesterday, by the end of the week, when he came, before he came, after he came, as soon as… he came, no sooner… than, hardly…when, scarcely…when.

    By March the snow hadn’t melted yet.

   К марту снег еще не растаял.

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    Обозначает длительное действие, которое началось до какого-то момента прошедшего времени и продолжалось вплоть до этого момента. Это время малоупотребительно.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I had been washing the dishes for half an hour when mother came.

EXERCISES

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form (Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous) оf the verbs.

1. By the time the fire fighters ___________, the fire ___________ many huts.

a) arrived, destroyed

b) arrived, had destroyed

c) had arrived, destroyed

d) had arrived, had destroyed

2. He was not ______ to write the exam, because he ______ his hall ticket.

a ) permitted, had not brought

b) permitting, had not brought

c) permitted, did not bring

d) permitted, was not bringing

3. Long before the chief guest _____________, the invitees ____________ .

a) come, assembled

b) came, assembled

c) came, had assembled

d) had come, had assembled

4. The Police ____________the thief. They __________ for him for two months.

a) caught, looked

b) caught, had been looking

c) had caught, looked

d) caught, have looked

5. I________ to him, as I_________ to him formally.

a) did not speak, did not introduce

b) had not spoken, was not introduced

c) did not speak, was not introduced

6. By the time we ____________ the station, he train ______.

a) reached, had left

b) had reached, had left

c) had reached, left

d) reached, left

II. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with appropriate tenses (Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous).

   I’m sorry l left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try)__________ to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn’t want to miss. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, l (have ) ______five cups of coffee and l (wait) ______ over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange )______to meet Kathy in front of the theater.

   When I arrived at the theater, Kathy(pick, already)_______ up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait)_______for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost)______up and (go)________into the theater without us.

   Kathy told me you (be)______late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss)_______several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!

III. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous)

1. It is already 9:30 PM  and I (wait)_________ here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.

2. I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I (wait)_______ for over an hour. I almost left without him.

3. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He (work)_______ for that import company for more than ten years and he (work)_________ in almost every department. Nobody knew the company like he did.

4. I (see)_______ many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.

5. Sarah (climb)_______ the Matterhorn, (sail)________ around the world, and (go)_________ on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.

6. Sarah (climb)______ the Matterhorn, (sail)_________ around the world, and (go)_______ on safari in Kenya by the time she turned twenty-five. She (experience)________ more by that age that most people do in their entire lives.

7. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think she (cry)_______.

IY. Put the verbs into the correct form using Past Perfect Simple. 

1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build)_______.

2. He (not/be)_______ to Cape Town before 1997.

3. When she went out to play, she (do/already)________her homework.

4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make)_______.

5. The doctor took off the the plaster that he (put on)________ six weeks before.

6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not/order)________.

7. I could not remember the poem we (learn)_______ the week before.

8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall)______ from the the tree.

9. (he/ phone)_______ Angie before he went to see her in London?

10. She (not/ride)_______ a horse before that day.

5. Put the verbs into the correct form using Past Perfect or Past Simple.

1. We had already eaten when John________________ (come) home.

2. Last year Juan_______________ (pass) all his exams.

3. When I _____________ (get) to the airport I discovered I __________ (forget)

my passport.

4. I went to the library, then I ______________ (buy) some milk and went home.

5. I opened my handbag to find that I __________ (forgot) my credit card.

6. When we __________ (arrive) at the station, the train ___________ (already, leave).

7. We got home to find that someone _______________ (break) into the house.

8. I opened the fridge to find someone _________________ (eat) all my chocolate.

9. I _________________ (know) my husband for three years when we ________ (get) married.

10) Julie was very pleased to see than John ___________ (clean) the kitchen.

                                              The Future Perfect Tense

                                         (будущее совершенное время)  

Обозначает действие:

1. которое будет закончено до определенного момента в будущем:

I will have written  a composition by 7 o’clock tomorrow.

2. которое совершится ранее другого будущего события:

I  will have written a composition by the time that you come.

Future Perfect употребляется редко. Обычно оно используется в простых предложениях с обстоятельствами, указывающими на время, к которому действие будет закончено.

                                Образование Future Perfect  

Утвердительная форма: will + have + Ved (V3)

He will have done his homework by 6 o’clock.

Вопросительная форма: will ставится перед подлежащим.

Will we have this work by Friday?

Отрицательная форма: после will ставится частица not.

He will not have gone before mother comes.

! Вместо Future Perfect Tense в обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях после after, when, as soon as, before, if употребляется Present Perfect.

I will leave for Moscow as soon as I have finished my business here.

He will not see you before I have spoken to him.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

   Обозначает длительное действие в будущем, которое начнётся до какого-то момента или периода будущего времени и будет продолжаться вплоть до этого момента (периода). Эта форма глагола встречается очень редко и обычно заменяется в речи Future Perfect или Future Simple.

                               Образование Future Perfect Continuous.

By the end of June we will have been studying English for two years.

EXERCISES

I. Combine the following pairs by changing them into the future perfect tense.

1. The children will eat all the cake (before their mother comes).

2. The fire will destroy the whole building. (before the firemen arrive).

3. The patient will die (before they reach the hospital).

4. He will leave (before you reach his place).

5. We will pay back all our debts (before we leave this city).

II. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses (Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous).

1.

Jack: Have you been watching the Eco-Challenge on TV?

Janet: Isn’t that exciting?  It has got to be the most unbelievably difficult sporting event in the world.

Jack: I know. By the time they finish the course, they (raft) ___________ more than 150 miles down a raging river, (hike) __________ through 80 miles of jungle, (climb) ___________ a volcano and (kayak) through shark-infested waters.

Janet: And don’t forget that they (move) ___________ for at least eight days straight.

2.

Oliver: When are you going to get your bachelor’s degree, Anne?

Anne: I am going to finish my degree next June. By the time I graduate, I (go) _____________ to four different colleges and universities, and I (study) _____________ for more than seven years.

Oliver: Wow, that’s a long time!

Anne: And I plan to continue on to get a Ph.D.

Oliver: Really? How long is that going to take?

Anne: By the time I finally finish studying, I (be) ___________ a student for over 13 years.

 3.

Max: Sarah has been in the kitchen all day long.

Jake: It doesn’t sound like she’s having a very good Thanksgiving.

Max: She (cook) ____________ for over seven hours by the time everyone arrives for dinner this afternoon. Hopefully, she (finish) _______________ everything by then.

Jake: Maybe we should help her out.

4.

Mike: It’s 6:00, and I have been working on my essay for over three hours.

Sid: Do you think you (finish) ______________ by 10:00? There’s a party at Donna’s tonight.

Mike: I (complete, probably) _________________ the essay by 10:00, but I (work) ______________ on it for more than seven hours, and I don’t think I am going to feel like going to a party.

5.

Fred: By the time they finish their trip across Yosemite National Park, they (hike) ____________ for more than six days.

Ginger: And they, (be, not) ______________ in a bed or (have) _________ a shower in almost a week!

Fred: When we pick them up, they (eat) _________ camping food for days, and I am sure they will be starving.

Ginger: I think we had better plan on taking them directly to a restaurant.

III. Make the future perfect. Choose positive, negative or question.

1. (I / leave by six) ________________________________________________
2. (you/finish the report by the deadline?) _____________________________
3. (when / we / do everything?) ______________________________________
4. (she / finish her exams by then, so we can go out for dinner) __________________________________________________________
5. ( you / read the book before the next class) __________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. ( she / not/ finish work by seven)___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

7. (when /you/ complete the work?)___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

8. (they/ arrive by dinnertime)_______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

9. (we/ be in London for three years next week)_________________________

_____________________________________________________________

10. (she/ get home by lunchtime?)__________________________________

__________________________________________________________

IY. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses (Future Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous).

1.

Simona: Margaret is really going to speak Spanish well when she gets back from that language school in Mexico.

Isabelle: Hopefully! She (take)______________________ classes for

more than six months.

Simona: She is going to be able to speak Spanish with some of our Latin American clients.

Isabelle: Good. Two clients from Peru (visit)________________________

us next month when Margaret returns. We need someone to entertain them

while they are here.

2.

Jason: I am leaving!

Nurse: If you would please wait, the doctor will be with you in ten minutes. The doctor is having some problems with a patient.

Jason: The doctor was having problems with that patient an hour ago. If wait another ten minutes, I am sure he (have, still) _____________________

problems with her. By the time he`s finally ready to see me, I (wait) _________________ for more than two hours.

3.

Frank: What are you going to be doing tomorrow at five?

Debbie: I (paint) _____________ my living room walls.

Frank: Still? How long have been working on your living room?

Debbie: Forever. By the time I finish, I ( redecorate) ____________the living room for over a week.

Frank: Too bad. I was going to ask if you wanted to see a movie. What about after tomorrow?

Debbie: Sorry, I (move)                                  furniture and (put)                         up the drapes.                        

4.

Mr.Jones:  What are you going to be next year at this time?

Mr.Mclntyre: I (work)               for a big law firm in New Orleans.

Mr.Jones: I didn’t know you were leaving Baton Rouge.

Mr.Mclntyre: I got a great job offer which I just can’t refuse.

Besides, by the time I move, I (live)               in Baton Rouge for over twenty years. I think it’s about time for a change.

Литература

1. Учебно-методический журнал Английский язык. М.: «Первое сентября», 2015, июнь, июль-август, сентябрь
2. www.englishclub.com
3. http://www.englishgrammar.org/