Устные темы по английскому языку.
материал по английскому языку на тему

Topics

№1

The Russian Federation

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world . Russia is situated on two continents: Europe and Asia . Its total aria is about 17 mln square kilometers. The country is washed by 12 seas and 3 oceans .The Arctic Ocean  washes Russia in the north. The Pacific Ocean washes Russia in the east.  Russia is washed by the Black Sea in the south and by the Baltic Sea in he west. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia,  the Ukraine .

The climate is different in different parts of the country. It is arctic in the north and subtropical in the south of the country.

There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Altai, the Caucasus and others. The largest mountain chain is the Urals . It separates Europe from Asia.

There are many rivers in Russia. The longest rivers are The Volga, the Ob, the Amur and others.

Russia is rich in oil, coal, natural gas, copper, gold and other mineral resources.

The population of Russia is about 150 mln people. The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is the largest political, cultural and industrial center.

Russia is a parliamentary republic . The Head of State is the President. The legislative powers are exercised  by the Duma.

№2

Moscow.

Moscow is the capital of Russia .  It is its political, economic , commercial and cultural center.

Moscow  was founded in 1147 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world. It is situated on seven hills. Its total area is about nine  hundred square kilometers . The population of the city is over 8 mln people.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There are a lot of beautiful palaces, churches , cathedrals , museums and monuments in the city. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. The main Kremlin Tower, the Spaskaya  Tower, has become the symbol of Russia. There are great old cathedrals and historical monuments on the territory of the Kremlin.

Thee are more   than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of  Fine Arts  and the State Tretiakov Gallery.

Moscow is famous for its theatres . The Bolshoi theatre is one of the best theatres in the world. Tourists from many countries visit our capital every year.

Moscow is the centre of the political life of Russia.  It is the seat of the Russian Parliament. People of our country are proud of Moscow.

№3

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the British Kingdom.  It is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large Islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. The UK is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the west.

The UK is formed of four countries. They are England, Wales, Scotland and Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast. The capital of the UK is London.

The surface of the country varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain. Mountains are not very high. The center, south-east and east of England are a vast plain. There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The largest of them are the Severn, the Clyde, and the Thames. The Thames is the deepest river. London stands on the Thames. The climate of Great Britain is mild.

The population of the UK is over 57 mln people.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces electronics, machinery, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment.

The UK is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen is the Head of the State, but she has no power. The real power belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain. They are the Labour,  The Conservative and the  Liberal parties.

London is the capital of the country, its political, economic and commercial center. London is the largest city in Europe and one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. There are many interesting places in London, for example, the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey and so on.

The UK gave birth to many famous scientists, writers, statesmen, musicians.

№4

The USA

The United States of America is one of the largest countries in the world. It is situated in the central part  of North America .Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The USA boarders on Canada in the north and  on Mexico in the south. The climate of the country varies greatly from arctic to subtropical.

The USA is a federal republic. It consists of fifty states  and the District of Columbia. Each state has its own government.

The capital of the country is Washington D.C. The population of the USA is about 250 mln people. The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington and others. The USA is one of the greatest industrial nations in the world. It is one of the most powerful and highly developed countries in the world.

There are two main political parties in the country , the Republicans and the Democratic. The Head oh the country is the President.

The USA is rich in coal, iron and oil. Many rivers cross the country. The most important are the Mississippi , the Missouri, the Colorado. The main lakes are the Great Lakes in the north.

The highest  mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Appalachian Mountains.  

№5

 Chebula.

I live in V-Chebula. It is situated in the north of Kuzbass. It was founded  in the 19th  century. Now  it is the administrative center of  the district.  About 6000 people live here.

 Chebula is situated on the  river Chebulinka,  which is not large , and runs into the river Kiya. The countryside around the river is very beautiful. In summer you can enjoy green forests, fields and meadows.

   The village is not big, but the central  street is about 4 km long. There are offices, a bank, a post-office, a  club,  a church, a museum,  many shops  in the center .in the square you can see a monument to Russian  soldiers. It is a place where meetings are held.  

 There are two schools in Chebula.  Our school has new computer classes, physical and chemical laboratories, a gymnasium. When students finish the school, they become doctors, teachers, lawyers, economists and so on. We like our school.

Kuzbass.

I live in an industrial region called  Kuzbass. It is situated in the Western  Siberia. Kuzbass is called a coal region because it is rich in coal and there are many coal- mines there. Kuzbass is a region with highly developed industry. The main industrial cities are: Kemerovo, Novokusnetsk, Prokopievsk and others.

  Kemerovo is the capital of our region. It is a large modern city. About 500000 people live there. There are a lot of factories, schools, banks, offices, colleges and cafes in Kemerovo. The most interesting sights of the city are the theatre, circus, beautiful  parks and monuments. A new bridge was built across the river Tom some months ago.

  There are many other towns and villages in our region too.

    Kuzbass is rich  in forests, rivers  and lakes . There are some high  mountains in the south. The climate of the region is rather severe: it is very cold in winter, summers are not very hot. It often rains in autumn. I think  our region is very beautiful. The head of Kuzbass is A.G.Tuleev.

№6

About myself and my family.

Let me introduce myself. I am  A.T.   I am sixteen years old.  I was born on the 10th of April   in 1997 in V-Chebula.

I am a pupil. I am in the 11th form. I ‘d like to be a teacher. I am good at  History and Literature. They are my favourite subjects.

I want to tell you  a few  words about my family. My family is (not ) large.  There are five of us: my mother, my father,  my brother , my sister  and me.

First of all some words about my parents.  My father is 38 years old. He is the eldest in the family. His name is D. He is an officer. He is very  experienced, he likes his job very much. My father is a tall man with dark hair and  brown eyes. He is fond of fishing  and swimming.  We often go on picnics together.

My mother’s name is N. She is 37 but she looks much younger.  She is slim. My mother has big blue eyes and fair hair. She is a very pretty woman. She is a nurse and she works in a hospital.  My mother keeps house and takes care of us. She is very good at cooking.  We try to help he about the house.

I have got  a brother and a sister. They are younger than me. My brother Anton. is 10 and my sister Marina  is only 4.  My brother is a schoolboy. He is in the 4th form . He if fond of drawing and computer.

My younger sister is very funny . I like to play with her. But sometimes she is a bit naughty.

My grandparents are pensioners. They don’t live with us but they often come to see us. My grandmother likes gardening. She grows vegetables and flowers.

I think our family is very friendly. We always help each other and often spend free time together.  I love my family very much.

№7

 My plans for the future.

It is very difficult to choose a career or a future profession.

In the 11th form students take exams and get the certificate of secondary education. After that they can enter universities, military schools, colleges or academies.

To get a professional education, students have to enter a technical college  or a vocational school.

It is not easy to make the right choice. There are many useful and interesting professions nowadays. The most popular of them are economist, lawyer, and programmer. Many boys are interested in a military career; girls wish to be a model or an actress.

When choosing a future career we should consider different factors. I think money and job satisfaction are the most important. Besides a profession    should suit your interests.

As for me I am interested in History and I want to be a teacher. I think it is an interesting and useful profession. I know that it is very difficult to become a good teacher . A teacher has to know much and understand the pupils.

After the 11th grade I ‘ll try to enter the University.  I want to be a qualified  teacher. To enter the University I should study hard .

№8  

A  healthy life style.

There is nothing more important than health. So if we want to feel well we should think of our health much. There are certain laws of keeping fit.

Fresh air is very important for good health. And we should spend a lot of time in the fresh air.  If we want to keep fit we should take regular exercises ,  go in for sports,  eat only healthy  food.  Never smoke is the main rule. It is also very important to get up early and to go to bed early.

But some people don’t think about their health very much. They are not active physically,  sleep too much or too little ,  eat a lot of high fat food. The worst habits some people have are smoking, drinking alcohol and taking drugs. All these things destroy their health.

As for me I always take care of my health. I don’t have bad habits. I get up early and do morning exercises. I clean my teeth twice a day. Every day I sweep up the room .

Paying attention to health I have to go in for sport. I also keep to diet and eat high fibre food. In summer I spend much time in the fresh air.

№9

Learning a foreign language.

It is necessary to learn foreign languages.

If you  know foreign languages, you can visit other countries,  you can read foreign books in the original, you can understand other people.

I learn English.

I know that English is a world language. There are 400 million speakers of English.

 It is the most widespread language geographically. English is used not only in England, but also in other parts of the world.

. English is the  working language of  the United Nations. It is also the international language of businesspeople, pilots, politicians, sportsmen, scientists and students.

Many people learn English.

They want to speak, read and understand English.

I like English. I work hard at my English. I want to know it perfectly. I think, the best way to know a foreign language is to go to an English speaking country, to speak it as much as possible.

№10

Sport in the life of people.

Sport is very important in our life. It is popular among young and the old people.

Many people go in for sport , they do morning exercises, train in clubs,  take part in sports competitions.  Many people in our country watch sports games, listen to sports news.

Physical training is an important subject at school.  We play volleyball and basketball at the lessons, a lot of different competitions are held. Sport helps people to keep in good health.

There are  some popular kinds of sports in our country: football, volleyball, hockey, gymnastics, skiing, skating.

My favourite sport is skiing.  I always ski in winter.  My friend plays basketball, and takes part in  competitions . she is a very good basketball player

I think when people go in for sport they become strong,  brave and healthy.

Sports in Britain.

 The British are great sports lovers , so when they are neither playing nor watching games they like to talk about them. Many of the games we play now have come from Britain.

One of the most  British games is cricket. It is often played in schools, colleges, universities and by club teams all over the country.

Football or soccer is also very popular. There are a lot of professional and amateur clubs in Britain . International   football matches take place at Wembley.

A great number of people  play and watch tennis, they also play golf, rugby football, baseball, hockey. Running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular.

Britain is also famous for horse –racing, motor-car racing, boat-racing , etc.

Indeed, sport is an essential part of daily life  in Britain.

№11

The most important Russian invention.

The world knows the names of many great scientists: Mendeleev,  Lomonosov, Popov, Edison,  Newton and many others.

A lot of discoveries have been made by Russian  scientists in different fields of science and engineering. But the greatest event of the 20th century was the flight of Man into space.  Konstantin  Tsiolkovsky was the first in Russia who worked out the theory of cosmic flights.

 Sergei Korolev, an outstanding scientist , also devoted all his life  to rocket research, constructing artificial satellites.

The first artificial sputnik was launched on  October 4, 1957.  The Russians are proud of it. Some years later  the most remarkable event in the history of cosmonautics took place. On  April 12, 1961 the spaceship “Vostok”  , piloted by Yuri Gagarin went up.

He was the first man who made his historic flight into space. He orbited the earth for only 108 minutes, but he was the first to fly to stars. It was the greatest achievement of our country.  A new  age of space exploration began.

№12

Holidays.

There are following public holidays in Great Britain: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year’s Day, Easter, Good Friday, Spring Bank Holidays , and Summer Bank Holidays . All banks , offices and shops are closed on public holidays.

Christmas is celebrated on December 25th . It is the most colorful holiday of the year. Christmas is a family holiday. Everyone gives and  receives presents. Traditional Christmas meal is a turkey.

In England New Year is not so popular as Christmas. Usually it is a family party. There is a lot of dancing, drinking, eating cold meat, pies, sandwiches, and cakes .some people send the  New Year’s  cards and give presents, but it is not a custom.

Besides  public holidays there are some special festivals in Great Britain,  for example, Halloween, St’ Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day and others.

Russian people are very hospitable and  they love  holidays very much. Any holiday is celebrated with lots of food and presents . The state holidays  in the country are New Year’s Day, Women’s Day, Victory Day and others.

New Year’s Day is, probably, the main holiday in our country. The New Year ‘s Day is my favourite holiday.

№ 13

TV in our life

Television  plays  an  important  role in  our  life .  It keeps us informed about  the  world  we  live  in.  And of course , it helps to escape from everyday problems. Everybody can  switch on a TV set  and  choose  the  programme  he  likes  best.

 Russian  television  has  over  10  channels which show  all  kinds  of  programmes . The  main channels  on  Russian  television are ORT, RTR  and  NTV. They   offer  TV viewers   a  variety  of  programmes, such  as  political,  educational,  entertaining  and  others.  Such  programmes  as  Time,  talk shows,  news , documentaries, feature films, concerts and others  attract  many  people.

Of course, not everything shown on TV is made in good taste They say, the quality of television could be better. . Some programmes   contain bad language and violence.

. Not all people like watching commercials. On the other hand , TV helps us to relax.  

As for me, I watch TV 2 hours a day. I prefer comedies and pop music concerts. I think, TV  is very useful in our life. I think we get a lot of information from mass media, especially from television.  We watch TV to be well-informed. I like to listen to the latest news, watch educational programmes and musical performances.

№14

Famous people.

Great Britain gave birth to many world famous people: politicians, writers, musicians,  actors.

Queen  Elizabeth II

Queen  Elizabeth,  II is one of the most famous people  in the world. She  was born on the 21st of April, 1926. She spent  her childhood  in  London and at  the  country residence of  her grandparents. She received her early education at  home,  then she studied  constitutional  history  and  law.  She also  studied art and  music and learned to ride. She  began to take part in  the public  life  at an early  age .

In 1947 she  married  Lieutenant Phillip Mountbatten, now Prince Phillip.  Their eldest son  Prince Charles is the  heir (наследник) to the throne .  Their   younger children are: Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.

Princess Elizabeth  came to the throne in 1952 and  was crowned in 1953  in  Westminster Abbey. The London  residence of the Queen  is  Buckingham  Palace.

The  British Royal Family  takes an active part in the life of  Britain.

W. Shakespeare.

One of the greatest and most famous English writers is William Shakespeare. He was born on the 23rd  of April in 1564 in Stratford- on –Avon., a small English town. He went to a  local  Grammar school .His father  who was a glove- maker, wanted his son to be a  well-educated person. Yong William liked to watch actors who visited Stratford- on –Avon and he decided to become an actor. In 1587 Shakespeare went to London . He worked as an actor at the London  theatre  The Globe. He began to write plays. Most of his plays were performed in The Globe theatre. In a few years he became a well- known author.  Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. The most famous of them are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear. Besides plays Shakespeare wrote a lot of poetry.

His works are translated in many languages of the world.

Shakespeare died in 1616 in Stratford.

№15

The role of Mass Media in the life of people.

I think we get a lot of information from mass media, especially from television.  We watch TV to be well-informed. . It keeps us informed about  the  world  we  live  in.   On the other hand , TV helps us to relax.  It helps to escape from everyday problems. Everybody can  switch on a TV set  and  choose  the  programme  he  likes  best.

 As for me,  I like to listen to the latest news, watch educational programmes and musical performances. I think, TV  is very useful in our life.

Newspapers and magazines play an  important  role in  our  life too. Every day millions newspapers and magazines are published all over the world.  Newspapers are packed with the latest news, information, fashion and facts. They inform people of current events and shape public opinion.  There are also articles on sport, art, music, new books. There are interviews with well-known people.  

There  are different national and local papers , dailies and weeklies. You can find newspapers for children and teenagers, for sports fans and so on. There are a lot of national daily and weekly newspapers in Russia. The most popular of them are Isvestia, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Argumenty I Facty.  People choose the newspaper they read according to their interests.

I prefer to read magazines. My favourite magazine is Lisa. It contains interesting  articles about famous people.  I like to read articles on art, music, fashion.

I think many people in the world enjoy reading newspapers and magazines.

№16

 Free time and hobbies.

Tastes differ .  Different people like doing different things, different people have different hobbies. Hobbies make our life more interesting. People have different hobbies.

Many people go in for sports. It is their hobby.  They go  swimming, skating, skiing, train in clubs and different sections.

Garderning  is one of the oldest hobbies .  It is a  well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening or growing flowers , especially roses.

Playing computer games is a new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular.  Both grown-ups and children are fond of it.  I think it is a very exiting hobby.

Some people like to draw, paint, design costumes, play different musical instruments.

Collecting things is one of the most popular hobbies . People  usually collect stamps, coins, postcards, books.

I am sure that with a hobby our life becomes more and more popular.

I am sure that all young people like to dance.   In their free time they go to the disco.  Dancing is a way to spend an evening in America

Some people like to go to the theatre or to the cinema.

I know that teenagers  like to play football in  Great  Britain. Football is the most popular game in Britain.

 English boys and girls are fond of cricket. There are many cricket clubs in England. People always play cricket in summer.

Teenagers like to travel. They visit places of interest in Great Britain and abroad.  

I have a hobby too.  I am fond of / music, sport, books/

 When   I have a free time I like to watch TV or to read a  favourite magazine.  

My mother’s hobby is cooking.  She cooks tasty dishes .  My father is fond of fishing.

№17

Education

Secondary education in our country is compulsory and free.  Boys and girls begin to go to school at the age of 7. At first they attend   primary school and study Russian, Maths,   Reading, PT,  Music.  After four years  of primary school pupils  go on to secondary school,  where they study  Russian,  Literature, Algebra, Chemistry and  so on. The school year  begins  in September and ends in  May.

After finishing the 9th  form students  must  take  four exams. To  enter a University they have to study for 2  more  years.

Some  students like school, others don’t. If  we do well in most subjects school is an interesting  place  for us.

My school is not the best  but I like it.  There are  about 500 students in it .  We‘ve got  a canteen,  a library, computer rooms , laboratories. We have special  clubs  and activities after classes. We take part in  concerts and competitions. I’ve  got many  friends at school . I do well in  Physics and History.

 I think I am   a good  student.. I’d like to be a teacher After finishing the 11th form I am going to enter the University.

№18

The role of music in our life.

    People  all  over  the  world  are  fond  of  music. They  listen to  music, they  dance  to  music , they  learn  to  play  musical  instruments.

   There are a lot  of  different  kinds of  music,  for  example, folk  music, classical  music, rap , pop  or  rock  music. Tastes differ. Some  people  prefer classical  music, others  listen  to  folk  songs. Young  people  all over  the  world  prefer  pop or  rock  music.

Great  Britain  produced  many  popular  music  stars. “The  Beatles’ is  still one  of  the  most  popular  groups.

My  favourite  style  of  music   is pop music because  it is  breathtaking  and  full  of  energy.  Music  helps  me  to  relax ,  entertains and  makes  me  forget  the  problems  of  everyday  life.  My favourite  group is  “ ABBA’. It  was  formed  in  1973 in  Sweden. Their  most  famous  songs are “  Money,  Money , Money ”,” Waterlloo”, ets. I can’t  but  admire their style of  singing. It is  fascinating  and  overwhelming.

Music  plays very   a very  important role  in  people’s  lives .It  reflects  our  moods and  emotions.   It is  really a soundtrack  of  our  life.

№19

The most important Russian inventions.

The world knows the names of many great scientists: Mendeleev,  Lomonosov, Popov, Edison,  Newton and many others.

A lot of discoveries have been made by Russian  scientists in different fields of science and engineering. But the greatest event of the 20th century was the flight of Man into space.  Konstantin  Tsiolkovsky was the first in Russia who worked out the theory of cosmic flights.

 Sergei Korolev, an outstanding scientist , also devoted all his life  to rocket research, constructing artificial satellites.

The first artificial sputnik was launched on  October 4, 1957.  The Russians are proud of it. Some years later  the most remarkable event in the history of cosmonautics took place. On  April 12, 1961 the spaceship “Vostok”  , piloted by Yuri Gagarin went up. He was the first man who made his historic flight into space. He orbited the earth for only 108 minutes, but he was the first to fly to stars. It was the greatest achievement of our country.  A new  age of space exploration began.

№20

Books  in the life of people

I like to read very much. I think, reading is very useful, because books enrich our life, help us to understand the world and the people in it. Books teach us what is right and what is wrong. We can better understand the world and people in it. I can’t imagine my life without reading.  

There are different kinds of books: novels, tales, books of poetry, science fiction, detective stories and so on.  There is practically no family that doesn’t have books.

I ‘ve got  a lot of books in my home library.

I like to read  books when I have some spare time. Best of all I like to read detective stories, historical novels and books about adventures.  That’s why I prefer books by  Agatha   Christie,  Arthur Conan Doyle and others .

  I like poetry as well. My favourite poets are Pushkin. Lermontov, R. Burns.

I ‘ve read the works by W. Shakespeare and I  find them very exiting.

One of my favourite books is The adventures of R. Crusoe  by D. Defoe.   The book is about the adventures of a sailor on an island  where there were not other people.  The book is so interesting and exiting that   I can read it again and again. The book teaches us to be brave and generous .I was greatly impressed by this book. I think  many people like this book very much.

My House and Flat.

I live in a new flat in Mira Street. Our house is of modern design.  In front of the house there is a children’s playground and a small garden.  We like to spend time there. Our flat is on the second floor. We have all modern conveniences, such as central heating ,electricity,  gas , cold and hot water. There are three rooms in our flat: a living-room and  two bedrooms. We also have a kitchen, a bathroom and a small hall.

Our living room is the largest in the flat. There is a nice wall unit in the room.  In the corner there is a colour  TV set. In the opposite corner there is a sofa and two arm-chairs. The piano is on the right. I like to play the piano in the evening.  There are two pictures above the piano.  On the floor we have a nice thick carpet. The curtains on the window make our room cosy.

Our kitchen is not very large. There is a gas stove, a refrigerator and a cupboard with cups, plates and all our dishes. In the middle of the kitchen we have a table with several chairs around it.  I like my flat.

My Working Day.

On week-days I get up at 7 o’clock. I make my bed and do morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom where I clean my teeth and wash  myself.  In 10 minutes I am ready for my breakfast.  It may be a cup of coffee and a sandwich. After breakfast I put on my coat, take my bag and go to school.

As I live not far from school it takes me only ten minutes to get there.  As a rule I go on foot to school.  The lessons begin at 8.30.  Usually I have 6 lessons every day.

After classes I go home and have dinner there.  Usually I have soup for dinner, meat or fish with vegetables.

As a rule I have no free time on my week-days. Sometimes I have optional classes  in History and English at school in the afternoon. Besides I go to the music school and have classes there.

I  always help my mother to do the work about the house. I wash dishes, do shopping and clean up the rooms.

In the evening I watch TV, play the piano, or listen to the music. My favorite music is … Twice a week I go to school in the evening to play basketball.

At about eleven I go to bed.

Seasons and weather

There are 4 seasons in the year: winter, spring, summer and autumn. Every new year begins in winter, on the 1st of January. This day is a holiday in the country and people celebrate the New Year’s Day.

In Russia winter is usually a cold season. It often snows, the rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter the days are short,  the sky is grey, it is frosty, windy and snowy. Many people like skiing and skating in winter. Children have winter holidays.

March, April and May are spring months. Nature awakens after a long sleep. There are many flowers in the fields and   parks. The trees become green , it gets warmer and  warmer  summer is the best season in Russia. It is sunny and hot. The gardens are full of flowers. In summer people spend much time in the open air. They go to the forest, swim in the river and sunbathe.

Autumn is a rainy and dull season. It is cold and cloudy. I don’t like autumn.