"Английский язык в современном употреблении" ("English Usage")
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (9 класс) на тему

Слайд 1

English Usage English is full of tricky problems and causes difficulty to the foreign learner in English usage - for instance, the difference between confused words, the words with similar meanings, the ways of saying very or very much and so on . Each entry contains an explanation of a problem, examples of correct usage and an exercise to practise it. Explanations are, as far as possible, in simple everyday language.

Слайд 2

GROUPS OF WORDS WITH SIMILAR MEANINGS ALSO / AS WELL / TOO / EITHER As well and too go at the end of the sentence. Too (but not as well) can be placed directly after the subject. It is rather formal: I, too , know where he is to be found. Also is very common in written English. It does not come at the end of the clause, but is put with the verb: John also plays the piano. Also, as well, too are not used in negative sentences. Instead, we use not … either : I don`t like you either .

Слайд 3

Exercise for Practice 1. She not only sings; she plays the piano as well/ too/also. 2. I`ve got an idea! – Me as well/ too/ also/either. 3. She sings, and as well/ too/ also/ either. 4. They don`t know his address, I don`t know it as well/too/also/either. 5. They never eat honey as well/too/also/either. 6. They as well/too/also/either like fruit.

Слайд 4

AS / LIKE Like is a preposition – it is followed by a noun or a pronoun: I`m very clever like my brother . As is a conjunction – it is followed by a clause: She`s a fine singer, as her mother used to be . Or by adverbs or propositions

Слайд 5

Exercise for Practice 1. I am not an orator as/like Brutus is. 2. In 1939, as/like in 1914, there was a great surge of patriotic feeling. 3. She sat there eating cream cakes as/like there was no tomorrow. 4. Mary sings as/like a bird. 5. Would you like to have a car as/like that? 6. He trembled as/like a leaf.

Слайд 6

EVERY / EACH Every puts people or things into a group, like all (to generalize): Every professional pianist practises for several hours a day. Every may be followed by a number with a plural noun. Every always refers to three or more, never to two. Each separates, we think of people doing things differently, separately: Each pianist has his own way of playing the Beethoven concerto.

Слайд 7

Exercise for Practice 1. We want each/every child to succeed. 2. Each/every child will find his own personal road to succeed. 3. The Queen shook hands with each/every player in turn after the game. 4. Each/every sex has its own physical psychological characteristics. 5. I go to Paris each/every or so. 6. Each/every of my aunts gave me socks for Christmas.

Слайд 8

CONFUSED WORDS BESIDE / BESIDES / EXCEPT Beside is a preposition that means “at the side of”: Who is the big blonde sitting beside Sam. Besides (as a preposition and as an adverb) is used when we want to add new information: It`s too late to go out now. Besides, it`s starting to rain. Besides includes: it is like with. Except excludes: it is like without. I like all drinks except whisky.

Слайд 9

Exercise for Practice 1. Besides/beside/except half a bottle of whisky, he drank three gins and some beer. 2. I don`t like those shoes; besides/beside/except they`re too expensive. 3. Besides/beside/except literature, we have to study history and philosophy. 4. Besides/beside/except the river there is a magnificent building. 5. Sam could rely on everybody besides/beside/except his new friend, he never trusted in him. 6. Who was at the party besides/beside/except Jack and the Bensons?

Слайд 10

SEE / WATCH / LOOK (AT) 1. I`ll (go/come) tomorrow and (look/see) if you are well. 2. Can I (go/come) and (look/see) you? 3. Let`s (go/come) and (see/look) Peter. 4. I waved at my father but he didn`t even (see/watch/look at) me. 5. He (saw/watched/looked at) her with his eyes full of love. 6. Have you (seen/watched/looked) “Last Tango in Paris”? (a film) 7. We (saw/watched/looked) an extraordinary production of “Hamlet” last summer.

Слайд 11

GET / GO / TURN / BECOME Get is very common, but is not always appropriate for talking about changes. Note the alternatives to get: Go is used for changes in people`s personality, appearance and physical abilities: People go mad/bald/grey/blind/deaf . Go is often used for sudden, usually negative, changes : He was very embarrassed and his face went red . Go can also be used for slower colour changes : The pages of the book had gone yellow over the years. Turn often collocates with colours : The sky turned gold as the sun set. Become is more formal and is used in collocations with adjectives such as angry, bored, excited, depressed, upset, impatient, violent and extinct, (un)popular, homeless, famous: He became depressed after his wife`s death. Other alternatives to get : She fell ill and was take into hospital. As my father grew older , he spent less time working. Misusing get: I was able to get new friends. (make) A year ago he got a heart attack. (had/suffered) If I get a child of my own one day … (have)

Слайд 12

Exercise for Practice 1. When the tomatoes turn/go/become red, the farmers pick them and sell them. 2. Suddenly the sky turn/go/become very dark and started to rain. 3. The news gave his mother such a shock that her hair turn/go/become white overnight. 4. She gave up smoking when she turn/go/become pregnant. 5. Everyone turn/go/become silent when they heard the shocking news. 6. Our local baker`s has turn/go/become famous for its apple tarts. 7. The noise turn/go/become louder and soon we realized it was a plane approaching. 8. I would like to turn/go/become involved in raising money for charity. 9. I was turn/go/become crazy. 10. In June I turn/go/become/have a baby.

Слайд 13

Each group has similar meanings, but in the collocations below only one word is possible. ALLOW / PERMIT / LET Permit is a little more formal. Allow is more common: We don`t allow/permit people to smoke. Allow (not permit) can be used with adverb particles: She wouldn`t allow me in. Let is the least formal of this three words. Let me help you. (without to ). Let is not used in the passive; it is replaced by allow : I wasn`t allowed to pay for the drinks.

Слайд 14

Exercise for Practice 1. People are not allowed/permitted/let to smoke in the hall. 2. Mary isn`t allowed/permitted/let out at night. 3. Allow/permit/let me buy you a drink. 4. I wasn`t allowed/permitted/let to pay for the drinks. 5. My father doesn’t allow/permit/let me play loud music. 6. The students are not allowed/permitted/let to miss lessons at school.

Слайд 15

BIG / LARGE /GREAT When we talk about size, we use both big and large . Large is more formal: I wanted the sweater in the large size but they had medium . Big and great have other, more abstract meanings. They are both often used to refer to important events and actions. It was a big decision to make. There were some big problems to solve. With uncountable words, only great is normally used. I had great difficulty in getting through on the phone. Big and great are used for emphasis or to express emotions: You big fat cow! Great also means famous, or an exclamation to show liking.

Слайд 16

Exercise for Practice 1. You are making a great/big /large mistake. 2. Sir Henry was feeling sleepy after a great/big/large lunch. 3. You great/big/large fool! 4. Napoleon was not a great/big /large man, but he was a great/big /large man. 5. How do you like my dress? - Great/big /large . 6. He had great/big /large concentration on what he was doing now.

Слайд 17

SMALL / LITTLE Small refers only to size: You are too small to be a policeman. Little is used to express some emotion (affection, amusement, disgust, contempt). Little is mostly used in attributive position: Her husband is a funny little man, isn`t he? Little is also used to mean short in a few expressions of distance and time: a little while

Слайд 18

Exercise for Practice 1. Could I have a small/little juice, please? 2. Poor little/small thing – come here and let me look after you. 3. What is that nasty little/small boy doing now? 4. It was little/small way from my house to hers. 5. She badly hurt her little/small finger. 6. I have little/small interest in politics.

Слайд 19

BRING / TAKE Bring is used for a moment towards the person who is speaking: Come over here and bring your book. Take is used for movements in other directions: I once had to take a group of students from Rome to Berlin.

Слайд 20

Exercise for Practice 1. I`m bringing/taking my wife back home from hospital this evening. 2. Let`s have one more drink, and then I`ll bring/take you back home. 3. Jack brought/took some new designs to the office this morning. 4. Come and stay for the weekend and bring/take your wife. 5. If you are going to the library now, will you take/bring these books there?

Слайд 21

COME / GO Come is used for a movement to the place where the speaker is: Come here! Go is used for other movements: I want to go and live in Greece. (Note the special use of come to to mean reach or arrive at and come from to tell people’s origin.): She comes from Scotland.

Слайд 22

Exercise for Practice When you go/come here next time, we`ll go/come to the beach. When did you go/come to live there? Go/come away. Tell me about the girl who went/came to see you in the office. We went/came to see Helen yesterday. We are going/coming to the cinema tonight. She goes/comes from Scotland.

Слайд 23

Words meaning “with no one or nothing else or with nothing similar” SINGLE / LONELY / ALONE / SOLITARY / ONLY / UNIQUE Donna is a single parent ; it`s difficult for her to work full time. He lives in a very lonely place/spot up in the mountains. At first I felt desperately lonely when I moved from London to the countryside. I live alone , but I don`t like travelling alone; it`s nice to be someone. There was just one solitary figure on the otherwise deserted beach. She was the sole survivor of the crash. Everyone else died. /only survivor/ I am an only child ; I sometimes wonder what it would be like to have a brother or sister. This is unique occasion , with three past Prime Ministers all together in one room.

Слайд 24

OTHER WAYS OF SAYING very or very much HIGHLY / EXTREMELY /ABSOLUTELY / UTTERLY / BITTERLY / DEEPLY / RIDICULOUSLY / STRONGLY Highly collocates with some probability words: (un)likely, unusual, successful, competitive, profitable, effective, controversial, recommended. It usually combines with very positive words except of highly controversial. Extremely can also be used with all the opposite adjectives except recommended . It is highly unlikely that I`ll finish my work on time.

Слайд 25

Absolutely, utterly (slightly more formal) combine with adjectives with very extreme meanings where we can`t use very . We say absolutely/utterly exhausted , not very exhausted. We say very tired but not utterly tired. Often, but not always, these words have negative connotations: ridiculous, stupid, impossible, wrong, alone, appalled, convinced, devastated, miserable. It was an absolutely stupid comment to make. The whole area was utterly devastated after the earthquake. Bitterly carries a feeling of deep sadness; used slightly more in writing than in conversation. Disappointing/disappointed, resent, criticize, regret, complain, cry, weep.

Слайд 26

Deeply collocates mainly with words associated with feelings; used slightly more in writing than in conversation: ashamed, concerned, shocked, committed, moved, affected, hurt, regret, care, religious, unhappy. Ridiculously suggests something extreme, which seems unbelievable or unreasonable: cheap, expensive, easy low, high, long, short, small, large, early. Strongly collocates with verbs, particularly verbs that relate to having an opinion: oppose, influence, believe, deny, recommend, support, condemn, suggest, feel, argue, object.

Слайд 27

Exercise for Practice (change very for other proper word) I would (very) recommend that you learn a foreign language . I was (very) disappointed when I failed the exam. Professor McDellvit was always (very) committed to her students. The restaurant was (very) expensive . I don`t think we`ll go there again Jill`s (very) unusual behaviour began to worry her parents.