Новые педагогические технологии в условиях дифференциации образовательного процесса
план-конспект урока по английскому языку (7 класс) по теме

Проблема дифференциации в современном образовании.

Дифференциация обучения широко распространена в современной системе образования. Без неё сегодня не может обойтись ни одно цивилизованное общество. Необходимость дифференциации обусловлена потребностями общества, которые объединяются с интересами и правами личности, а также вытекает из непосредственных попыток улучшить качество педагогическою процесса.

Современному обществу с высоким уровнем производства требуются люди, максимально развившие свои задатки, имеющие высокий интеллектуальный и нравственный потенциал, люди, которые к окончанию среднем школы определили сферу своих жизненных интересов, имеют о ней ясное представление и нацелены на развитие тех собственных качеств, умений, свойств, которые в данной сфере жизнедеятельности потребуются.

Хорошо известно, что все люди разные. Выявляются различия и в типе нервной системы, и психических свойствах, в скорости протекания нервных процессов. Люди рождаются с различными задатками, которые развиваются в различные способности. У людей - разные интересы, которые формируются в устойчивые образования, как правило к 14 - 15 годам, в этом возрасте у многих уже существует ориентация на будущую профессию.

Можно ли учить скип, ратных людей одинаково? Можно, но результат будет различным для разных учащихся. Наиболее комфортно будут чувствован, себя ученики, чей уровень развития приближается к среднему. Развитие сильных учащихся затормозится, а слабые ученики не смогут усвоить материал на уровне обязательных базовых требований.

Дифференцированное обучение гуманизирует учебный процесс, создавая условия для удовлетворения потребностей и интересов человека, ориентируясь на максимально возможное его развитие.

Под  дифференциацией понимается способ организации учебного процесса, при котором учитываются индивидуально-типологические особенности личности ( способности, интересы, склонности, особенности интеллектуальной деятельности' и т.д.). Дифференциация характеризуется созданием групп учащихся, в которых процесс обучения протекает по-разному.

Таким образом, в определении дифференциации выделяют три основных аспекта: 1) учет индивидуальных особенностей учащихся. 2) группирование учеников на основании этих особенностей. 3) вариативность учебного процесса в группах.

Первый аспект - учет индивидуальных особенностей учеников - характерен и для дифференциации, и для индивидуализации. Специфика дифференцированною обучения - учет индивидуальных особенностей, присущих группам учеников, и организация вариативного учебного процесса в этих группах. Необходимо отметить, что учитываются не любые индивидуальные особенности личности, о тр которые существенно влияют на ход учебного процесса. Эти особенности называются индивидуально-типологическими. Тем самым подчеркивается то. что па их основании учащихся можно объединить в группы ( например, общие и специальные способности, интересы и др.).

Индивидуализация - это предельный случай дифференциации, когда учебный процесс строится с учетом особенностей не групп, а каждого отдельно взятого ученика.

Изменения процесса обучения в условиях дифференциации могут затрагивать все его элементы ( от целей обучения до результатов, как. например, в профильных, гимназических классах), или только содержание и технологическое обеспечение ( в условия, внутри классной дифференциации ).

Традиционно выделяются следующие виды дифференциации: по общим и специальным способностям, по интересам, склонностям, по проектируемой профессии. В основании деления лежат те признаки, те индивидуально-типологические особенности учащихся, которые позволяют разделить их на группы.

В последнее время усиливается роль психофизиологических особенностей человека в дифференциации: выделяются группы учащихся с сильной, слабой нервной системой, преобладающим типом памяти, уровнем развития произвольного внимания и т.д.

Дифференциация может осуществляться на различных уровнях: -на уровне класса - внутренняя ( или внутриклассная ) дифференциация -на уровне школы ( создание классов коррекцоинно-развивающего обучения, гимназических классов, профильных и т.д. );

-на уровне системы образования - создание различных видов общеобразовательных учреждений - также внешняя. Педагогическая технология - это научное планирование, прогнозирование, организация п оценивание результатов и коррекция   педагогического процесса с целью повышения его эффективности.

Компоненты

1. Целевая направленность процесса (Что хотим достичь)
2. Научная идея
3. Технологическая цепочка действий учителя (система его действий)
4. Технологическая цепочка действий ученика
5. Контроль за ходом развитием ученика
6. Критерии оценки
7. Конечные результаты

Технологии должны быть личностно - ориентированные.

Требования к технологиям

I. Все технологии должны базироваться на деятельной основе.

Суть технологии в том, что только то учебное содержание глубоко и прочно усваивается учеником, если оно стало предметом его активных действий. Каждый ученик должен быть включен в познавательную деятельность. Самую высокую активность ученик должен проявлять при усвоении основного содержания предмета.

Компоненты учения

1. Мотивационные - потребности, интересы, мотивы, обеспечивающие включение ученика в процесс активного учения и сохранения активности на всех этапах позна -ния.
2. Ориентировочный - принятие учеником цели учебно-познавательной деятельности, ее планирование и прогнозирование.
3. Содержательно-операционный - система ведущих знаний с способы учения, как инструмент получения и переработки информации.
4. Энергетический - внимание, воля, эмоции.
5. Оценочный - самооценка и самоконтроль хода выполнения действий, самоуправление процессом учения.

Что такое учение?

Учение - это самонаправленная, мотивированная, отражательно-преобразующая, самоуг.равляющая деятельность.

1. Технологии базируются па концепции развивающего обучения.
2. Содержать эмоционально - ценное отношение к содержанию и процессу учения.
3. Стимулировать внутренние мотивы ученика, способствовать развитию его субъективного опыта и саморазвитию ученика.
4. Педагогические технологии должны быть построены на рефлексивной основе.
5. .        Быть нацелены на развитие речи и коммуникативных умений.

Одной из технологий является проектное обучение.

Проектное обучение - тип развивающего обучения, базирующегося на последующем выполнении комплексных комплектных учебных проектов с информационными паузами для усвоения базовых теоретических знаний.

Материальным продуктом (результатом) проектного обучения является учебный проект, который можно определить как самостоятельно принимаемое учеником решение по какой-либо проблеме материального, нравственного, исторического характера.

Суть проектного обучения.

Постижение реальных объектов, процессов, явлений. Оно предполагает пропускание через себя учеником определенной ситуации, при общение его к явлениям окружающего мира, конструирование альных объектов. Методом проектов является групповое обучение.

Цель проектного обучения:

1. -научить учащегося приобретать знания самим из разных источников; -научиться          пользоваться этими знаниями для решения новых познавательных проблем;

               -приобрести коммуникативные умения;

2. позволяет учащемуся сформировать у себя исследовательские навыки; -научить ученика собирать информацию, факты, уметь их анализировать с разнь.х точек зрения, уметь анализировать, делать обобщения.

Исходные позиции проектного обучения

1. Универсальное использование базовых знаний в разных ситуациях.
2. Образовательный процесс строится не в логике учебного предмета, а в логике деятельности, имеющей значение для ученика.
3. Позволяет максимально осуществить темп работы над проектом. Это обеспечивает равные возможности для личного участия учащихся.
4. Сбалансированное развитие основных психических и физических функций учащихся.

6. Влияет на мотивацию интереса ученика к процессу и результату деятельности.

Гуманистический смысл проектного обучения состоит и том, что проектное обучение развивает творческие способности учащихся.

Требования к использованию проектного обучения.

1. Наличие значимой для развития творчества ученика проблемы.
2. Соотношение возможностей каждого ученика.
3. Наличие значимого результата для каждого ученика.
4. Обязательно парное, групповая работа учащихся.
5. Выделение поэтапных результатов и определение их места в целостном проекте.
6. Использование исследовательских методов, выделение проблемы, задач гипо-тизы.

Стадии разработки проекта.

1. Разработка проектного задания.
2. Разработка проекта и его реализация.
3. Общественная презентация.
4. Рефлекция.

Этапы работы.

1. Работа над темой проекта (овладение лексикой, грамматическими образцами, аудирование и чтение текстов по теме, активизация материала в упражнениях).
2. Обсуждение темы будущего проекта. Учащиеся ищут ответы на вопросы проблемного характера в материалах учебника, отстаивают свои мотивы работы над будущим проектом.
3. Формирование творческих групп, распределение задания между членами группы, работа над планом.проекта. Одному из учащихся, например, поручают нарисовать проект или рекламу, другому -собрать фактический материал и.т.д.
4. Сбор дополнительной информации. Школьники использовали не только тексты учебника, но и материалы периодичесхой печати и журналов.
5. Оформление проекта (рисунки, плакаты, чертежи, сценарии праздника). Одни проекты школьники оформляют самостоятельно дома, другие, требующие большей помощи со стороны учителя, создаются в классе. Главное - не подавлять инициативу ребят, с уважением относиться к любой идее, любому предложению, помогать, но не диктовать, не навязывать свою точку зрения.
6. Презентация проекта. Это - очень ответственный этап работы -праздник для ребят. Ведь весь отобранный, оформленный материал надо так ярко и эмоционально представить, чтобы заинтересовать одноклассников, для которых каждый проект их товарищей - сюрприз.
7. Подведение итогов работы. Очень важно на данном этапе дать возможность учащимся выразить своё мнение, обменяться впечатлениями. Самые яркие, оригинальные, содержательные проекты награждаются аплодисментами зрителей и самодельными медалями. Каждый проект заслуживает одобрение и похвалу: в него вложен большой творческий труд детей. Я стараюсь не заострять внимание на ошибках. Ведь основное внимание школьников направлено на содержательную сторону высказывания. Ошибки я незаметно записываю на карточках, систематизирую, а на последующих уроках отрабатываю в различных упражнениях.

Учитель: Стойкова Маргарита Александровна

Тема: "Ecology" Класс: 7

Цель: Научить школьников бережно относиться к окружающей среде.

Оборудование: лозунги (Nature is the source of people's life. Environmental protection concerns everyone. The protection of nature means the protection of Motherlad), плакаты, видеофильмы, аппаратура.

Вступительное слово учителя:

A sound mind in a sound body is a traditional proverb in all English speaking countries. The proverb can readily be applied on a larger scale when we consider the need for Environmental protection of our community.

The question of the environment is now global and a topic which links people together as one race of creatures trying to survive and prosper on this planet.

There is a list of Environmental problems: overpopulation, pollution. Now we shall discuss many important problems and I hope you will express your opinions on the topic.

Ученик: I'd tell same words about the problem. Ecology is science of how living things are related to their environment. Many Americans are concerned about their ecology today. They are concerned about protecting the environment from pollution, overcrowding, and destruction of natural resources.

These are the names of the environmental problems of today:

65535. Littering
65536. Air pollution, smog
65537. Water pollution
65538. Overcrowding, overpopulation
65539. Endangered species, animals which are ahnost extinct
65540. Destruction of natural resources

Ученик: Ecology is a science about nature and about the relations of man with it. Practically, it is a science studying whether we, human beings keep our common house, our Planet Earth, in a good state and how we use the gifts it is giving us: water, air, land, minerals, plants, animals etc.

I want to be an ecologist. I felt already that nature was the place where I was feeling most natural. From that time my favorite season has been autumn when I could stroll in the woods enjoying the autumn trees, gold and purple, gathering mushrooms and thanking Mother Nature for each of them. Now I study, biology, do research in ecology and read books on physics, I understand the physical basis and the energy of those feelings.

We are really one with nature, our planet and the Universe being connected with them by every cell of our being. The feeling of being one with the world is very ancient. It is expressed in many old books and myths of different countries. For instance, Chief Seattle in his famous speech at a tribal meeting in 1854 expressed the feeling of North American Indians as follows: "Every part of this earth is sacred to my people. Every shining pine needle, every sandy shore, every mist in the dark woods, every clearing and every humming insect is holy in the memory and experience of my people...

We are part of the earth end it is part of us. The perfumed flowers are our sisters; the deer, horse, the great eagle - these are our brothers".

The same wonderful feeling of being one with nature was always typical also for Russian people in old times. Every Russian village family had the images of nature everywhere in the hose - the flowers on the cups, bed covers and clothes, the leaves on the towels as if reflecting that time when our ancestors were wiping their faces and hands after washing with green foliage of birch tree.

Unfortunately, later our technical civilization thinking only of material goods succeeded in destroying Nature and creating the ecological crisis on our planet. And it is our challenge, young people, to restore an ecological balance on our planet and to leave it clean end healthy for future generations.

Ученик: Hug The Earth     (by Lorraine Bayes)

Walking along feeling free Feeling the earth here with me And I love her, She loves me. I hug the Earth, the Earth hung me. She's our friend,

We'd like to be together forever.

The earth is a garden. It's a beautiful place. For all living creatures, For all the human race. Helping Mother Earth We can peacefully roam. We all deserve a place We can call our home.

Food is treasure from the soil and the sea. Clean, fresh air from the plants and the trees. The warmth of the sun giving life each day Turns water into rain, it's nature's way.

And I would like to thank you Mother Earth I like to see you dressed in green and blue I want to be by you.

Ведущий: Every ten minutes one king of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history's greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.

Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect.

The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterrannean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.

Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.

Air pollution is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening - equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union.

Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.

An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.

People are beginning to realize that environmental problems are not somebody else's. They join and support various international organizations and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening - perhaps we'll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.

Ученик: I think it is necessary to help wild animals. Many of them are in danger now. For example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which live in the Arctic.

White bears eat fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals die.

All woods are home to animals and birds. It is important to take care of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cut, birds and animals may become extinct.

Each of us can do something to help nature. We must not frighten animals or birds. We must never break plants or baby trees. We are proud of our classmates who made some bird feeders this winter and filled them with food. There are many squirrels in the park near our school every winter. We believe they come here "to ask" for help, because they eat from our hands.

I am sure that not only Greenpeaceof, Friends of the Earth or Wildlife Service can take care of nature.

There are a lot of ways of keeping the planet healthy and we must take part in environmental activities.

Let's help wild animals and birds! We announce a contest for the most interesting ideas and plans.

Ученик: (демонстрирует на кадоскопе животных из красной книги. Звучит печальная музыка «Раненая птица»)

Since the last Dodo bird died in about 1681, thousands of other species of animals and plants have become extinct or endangered.

The Blue Whale, the Panda, the California Big Tree are on the verge of extinction now. Gone forever are dinosaurs, passenger pigeons, California grizzly bears. Elephants, jungle-cats and Asian rhinoceroses are being killed off for their ivory tusks, furs, or horns. Many animals have gone forever, as their habitats have been destroyed at an alarming rate: 340 miles a day! These are the rainforests which are in Central and South America, Africa, Philippines, Malaysia, Australia, India and Madagascar.

While rain forests are disappearing, so are animals and plants live there. That means we are losing medicines which people can get from these plants and animals. For example, thanks to a little rosy periwinkle found in Madagascar, nearly all children recover from the blood disease, leukemia.

Ученик:

Gray wolf

Ever since Little Red Riding Hood, the wolf has been personified as a devilish creature and a threat to man. Exaggerated fears and loss of habitat may result in the disappearance of this great predator.

Cheetah

Even the fastest animal on earth is defenseless against poachers. In recent years, as many as 5,000 cheetahs have been killed annually. Today the wild cheetah is only found in a few east African parks and reserves.

Lowland gorilla

Despite its enormous strength and awesome appearance, the gorilla is a mild-natured animal. But due to loss of habitat and extensive hunting, one of our closest relatives is threatened.

Red kangaroo

Kangaroos are slaughtered by the millions each year in their native Australian habitat. There people see them as pests competing with sheep for grazing land.

Cape penguin

The cape penguin is South Africa's only resident and breeding penguin. Over-exploitation of fishing grounds in this region is resulting in an overall decline of this penguin and other fish-eating shore birds.

Humpback whale

Unafraid of ships, the humpback whale was easily approached by hunters, resulting in a dwindling population of only 10,000 animals today. Their playfulness and spectacular leaps out of the water make them a favorite among whale watchers.

Green sea turtle

The green sea turtle, as well as all other sea turtle species, have been over-exploited for their meat, eggs, oil and skin. Thus, their population is dangerously low.

Whooping crane

This crane once lived in the northern U.S. and in the coastal prairies of the Midwest. Today the total population of the whooping crane may only total 50, due to the spread of civilization.

African elephant

It is estimated that several hundred thousand elephants remain in Africa, down from over a million less than 10 years ago. As many as 300 are slaughtered every day to supply the world's ivory trade. If this trend continues, by the rum of the century the largest living land mammal could disappear from the face of the earth-forever.

Ученик: I think that man kind should do everything to save this species of animals.

Elephants need a lot of water. Grown-ups drink as much as 50 gallons (189 liters) a day. The animals use water in other ways as well. After they have had enough to drink, they fill their trunks (хоботы) and spray their bodies. The showers cool the elephants. Leaving the water hole, the elephants join small family groups resting under the trees. Elephants rest only during the hottest part of the day and for a few hours each night. The rest of the time, they eat. In fact, elephants spend about 16 hours a day eating.

Today, many elephants in Africa are dying because they do not have enough to eat or to drink and because they do not have enough space to live in.

Hunters kill thousands of elephants eveiy year. Some kill them for meat. But most kill elephants for their ivory tusks (бивни).

Most of elephants have gone to national parks. There are too many animals there. As a result, the elephants do not have enough grass and leaves to eat.

All these problems have greatly reduced (сократили) the number of elephants in Africa. Specialists think that only two million elephants live on the planet today.

Ведущий: Air pollution is a very serious problem. Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances.

Ученик: There is a layer of gas called ozone. It covers the earth. It protects us from the dangerous rays of the sun. But if ozone comes close to earth, in acid rains, for example, it is also very dangerous itself and causes diseases. There are now holes in the ozone layer because there are too many "greenhouse" gases. Scientists say they are over the South Pole and over New York.

Because the Earth is getting hotter, the ice is melting. Because the ice has been melting, the level of the sea is slowly rising. Scientists say that in the year 2050 some parts of Great Britain will be under the sea.

Other examples:

In 1972 Finland and Russia had the hottest heatwave for over 100 years.

In 1976 Europe had the worst drought for 100 years.

In 1989 Britain had the longest and the hottest summer since people started to keep information about the weather.

In 1990 Sweden had the warmest February for 300 years.

A giant iceberg, the size of Hong Kong, is slowly melting. It is the world's largest iceberg. It broke away from Antarctic. It was 152 km long and 35 km wide. Now it is 10 km shorter because it is melting.

Ученик: I want to add.

Nuclear power is cheap, clean and safe... sometimes. The explosion in Chernobyl shows it can go wrong.

Nuclear weapons could destroy the world. Nuclear weapon tests increase the amount of radiation in the atmosphere. Nuclear power produces high-level radioactive waste which can be dangerous for thousands of years.

Before it's too late, people have to change their way of life. We have to stop ruining the land, sea, and air.

We can help clean up the planet!

Ученик: (идет демонстрация диапозитивов «Цветы из красной книги»)

Plants are the basis, of our life on Earth. Yet now, in Britain's countryside, wild plants are being destroyed on a scale never known before, by pollution, neglect and wanton habitat destruction.

Meadows, heaths, hedges, bogs and woods - gone forever

Each year 5,000 miles of hedgerow disappear - and the insect, birds and animals they support.

Half our ancient woods have been destroyed; and, in the remainder,bluebells,wild daffodils and snowdrops are plundered for the horticultural trade.

Plantlife's vital purpose

Plantlife is Britain's only charity exclusively saving wild plants and their habitats - from 121 m seashore to mountain top.

Positive action by Plantlife

Plantlife is busy. The highly successful "Back from the Brink" programme is saving plants threatened with extinction. You can help save many more.

Plantlife is buying flower-rich meadows - plant nature reserves - to conserve cowslips, orchids and hundreds more species. Plantlife is campaigning to stop peatlands being destroyed.

Plantlife needs you

Anyone can join Plantlife - no need to be an expert. To help save our wild flowers, join Plantlife today.

Destroyed since World War II 97% of our wildflower meadows 190,000 miles of hedgerow Half our ancient'woodlands 75% of our heaths 98% of our unique lowland raised bogs, dug up for garden peat 22 flower species extinct since records began, 317 standing on the brink

Ведущий: The problem water is very serious. The seas are in danger. They are filled. With poison, industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Показывается фрагмент из видеофильма серии Ив Кусто.

Ведущий: We have just discussed a lot of environmental problems so we should resume and say how we can help the Earth.

Ученик: And how to keep the planet healthy.

This We Believe

Humans have become so numerous and our tools so powerful that we have driven fellow creatures to extinction, damned the great rivers, torn down ancient forests, poisoned the earth, rain and wind, and ripped holes in the sky.

Our science has brought pain as well as joy; our comfort is paid for by the suffering of millions.

We are learning from our mistakes, we are mourning our vanished kin, and now we build a new politics of hope.

We respect and uphold the absolute need for clean air, water and soil.

We see that economic activities that benefit the few while shiinking the inheritance of many are wrong.

And since environmental degradation erodes biological capital forever, full ecological and social cost must enter all equations of development.

We are one brief generation in the long march of time; the future is not ours to erase.

So where knowledge is limited, we will remember all those who will walk after us, and err on the side of caution.

This We Resolve

All this that we know and believe must now become the foundation of the way we live. At this furring point in our relationship with Earth, we work for an evolution: from dominance to partnership; from fragmentation to connection; from insecurity, to interdependence.

Ученик: We must remember about the rail of three Rs.

65535. recycle
65536. race

Use paper, not plastic

FACT: It takes a whole tree to make about 500 paper grocery bags. But Plastic bags are worse because they can't be recycled, and the plastic will never decompose.

Recycle newspapers

Recycled paper could easily be substituted for virgin paper in many cases without any loss of quality.

Making newspaper from "old" paper uses 30% to 55% less energy than making paper from trees; and it reduces air pollution by 95%.

REUSE OLD NEWSPAPERS!!! It takes an entire forest - over 500,000 trees - supply Americans with their Sunday newspapers every week.

Americans use 50 million tons of paper annually - which means we consume more than 850 million trees. That means the average American uses about 580 pounds of paper each year!

Use less paper

FACT: American offices throw away enough paper every year to build a wall 12 feet high across the country. But, right now, we save 200 million of paper a year by recycling.

WHAT TO DO: Most paper thrown away in the office just has printing on one side. Ask your parents to bring home some of this paper so you can use the blank side for writing or drawing, or cut it into smaller sizes and staple it together to make note pads.

FACT: It takes 500,000 trees just to make the newspapers we read every Sunday.

WHAT TO DO: Save your family's newspapers. Find out how to recycle newspapers in your area.

Ученик: Making aluminum from recycled aluminum uses 90%' less energy than making aluminum from scratch.

In 1993 alone, aluminum can recycling saved more than 11 billion kilowatt hours of electricity, enough to supply the residential electric needs of New York City for six months.

The energy saved from one recycled aluminum can will operate a television set for three hours.

If you throw an aluminum can out of the train window, it will still litter the Earth up to 500 years later.

When you toss out one aluminum can you waste as much energy as if you'd filled the same can half full of gasoline and poured it onto the ground. Recycle!!!

Don't Buy Drinks in Plastic Bottles

FACT: Americans use 2,5 million plastic bottles every year. These bottles can't be recycled and won't ever degrade.

WHAT TO DO: Only buy soda and other drinks in aluminum cans or glass bottles. Buy milk or juice in cartons. Then recycle them.

Ученик: I want to say what I think about saving the Earth. I think there are a lot of ways we can help to save the Earth. One way is to remember the three Rs. Isave the plastic bags we get at the grocery store and use them again. I save plastic food containers. They make good sand and water toys. Before I buy something, I ask myself the following questions, "Do I really need this? Is it recyclable? If I have to throw it away, will it harm the environment?" I have a bird feeder that I fill by myself. I want to be the kid who saves the Earth!

;The problem of the environment is much spoken about on TV, radio, and in the newspapers. But my friends and I don't really talk about it. I know Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth. But in our school we don't have an environmental programme. There are special magazines about nature. But my favorite magazine is the Sport News. I'm in the school football team. We play football twice a week. I'm going to be a football star.

Ученик: I say our Planet is in Danger!

Save our planet before it's too late! Humans have been living on this planet for two million years, and in the last two hundred years humans have made a mess of the planet: chopped trees, killed animals, polluted air, land, water, etc. Because of that we now have a lot of problems. I'll name just a few of them: 1) the greenhouse effect; 2) killing forests and animals; 3) water, air and land pollution; 4) rubbish problems; 5) nuclear power, etc.

It's easy for us to see what we are doing to the air we breathe, water we drink, garbage we throw out! What about the habitat we don't see? E. g., rainforests, deserts, grasslands, oceans, etc.? We don't see them, they are far away from us. What does it have to do with us? It is difficult to understand, but everything on the planet is interconnected and when something goes wrong in some part of the world, everybody loses.

The earth has been getting hotter because we are producing too many greenhouse gases. These gases hold heat. Trees and plants help to take gases, such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but we have now destroyed too many trees There aren't enough trees and plants to do this job. We make carbon dioxide when we burn wood or drive cars. CFCs (other dangerous gases) are in refrigerators and spray cans. They are known for the damage they are doing to the ozone layer.

Polluting gases fall as acid rains. Large forests and a lot of lakes have  been ruined already. Smoking chimneys and car exhaust pipes are pumping tons of rubbish into the air all the time, and we breathe we in.

Ученик: Now industrially developed states can not ignore the problem of environmental protection. The main aim in the policy of environmental protection is developed of technology to control atmospheric and water pollution, the study of man's influence on the climate, the forecasting of the earthquakes, biological and genetic consequences of pollution, protection of rare and vanishing plants and animals.

The land pollution results from the use of chemical and pesticides.

Control of marine pollution is based on international conventions. Many governments try to achieve clearer air. Total emission and average concentration of smoke in the air have fallen as the result of installation of special equipment.

Transport is one of the main offenders in noise pollution, and many measures are aimed at reducing noise.

Radiation has become subject to control of its possible effects on health.

Popular movements that try to protect nature are common all over the world now. An international movement Greenpeace has united thousands of people and has achieved much success.

The industrial development has become so great now and the influence on the nature so harmful, that the problem of protecting nature is becoming vital. If people don't find the way to do it, life itself soon come to end.

Ведущий: Dear friends, you are future engineers, scientists, railway workers, teachers ecologists you will continue addressing the environmental problems which concern everyone. The positive results depend on serious attention of the people of the whole world to this problem.

Ученик: Close the door carefully when you enter and leave a building. Insulate your homes.

Turn the lights off when you leave your room or the bathroom. Turn off the TV when you leave the room.

Ученик: Make compost from leaves and grass clippings. Cut your time in the shower in half. Become a tap watcher. Give the faucet another turn when you see a drip.

Ученик: Recycle newspapers and other paper products. Write on both sides of your paper. Plant a tree seedling at your home or at school. Give your used clothes to organizations to help the needy.

Ученик: Save empty cans,, plastics and glass for recycling. Get full use of pencils and plastic pens before discarding.

Form a "Pick and Save"   gang in your neighborhood or school and collect discarded paper, cans, and plastic for recycling.

Ученик: Place bird houses in your yard. Leave scraps or other food for birds. Don't disturb nesting sites. Watch, but don't disturb wild animals.

Don't let your dog or cat run loose. These pets hunt wild animals.

Ученик: Use special "Dog Only" areas.

Do not write graffiti on public property.

Don't dump litter in the seas, rivers, or on beaches.

Never buy a spray with CFCs.

Учащиеся записывают домашнее задание.

Ведущий: After the discussion of the ecological problems I want you to sing the song which sound as a call to the peoples of the whole world to save the Earth. Please, sing the song

Учащиеся хором поют песню "Kids for saving Earth Promise Song"

The Earth is my home.

I promise to keep it healthy and beautiful.

I will love the land, the air, the water and all leaving creatures.

I will be a defender of my planet, united with friends.

I will save the Earth.

United with friends, I promise to keep it,

United with friends, I will love the land,

United with friends, I'll be a defender,

I will save the Earth.

I will save the Earth.