Современная Британия. Элективный курс
элективный курс по английскому языку (9 класс) на тему

    «Современная жизнь Британии»

                           Программа элективного курса 

                                  по английскому языку

                                  для учащихся 9 класса

                                                                                         Составитель Н.П.Касьянова

                                                                                         учитель  английского языка

                                                                                         муниципальное образовательное

                                                                                         учреждение гимназия №6

                                                                                         имени С.Ф.Вензелева

                                                                                         г.Междуреченск

                                                               Междуреченск, 2011

         Оглавление

I. Пояснительная записка

II.Учебно-тематическое планирование

III.Содержание программы

IV.Перечень литературы

V.Перечень ключевых слов

VI. Контрольные материалы

VII.Приложение

1. Пояснительная записка

В настоящее время Россия является членом мирового сообщества и находится в одном ряду с крупнейшими развитыми державами мира, поэтому происходит интенсивное развитие прямых международных связей между российскими и зарубежными фирмами, предприятиями, организациями. Так же расширяются прямые связи между российскими и зарубежными школами, разрабатываются совместные образовательные программы по межшкольному  культурному и образовательному обмену учащихся, по совместной деятельности школ как партнеров в области общеевропейского образования. Это говорит о востребованности иностранного языка и государством, и обществом, и личностью.

 А так как в школе для ученика должны создаваться условия для обучения в соответствии с профессиональными намерениями, то и появление курса обусловлено переходом на профильное обучение.

       Данный элективный курс ориентирован на филологический профиль и разработан для предпрофильной подготовки учащихся 9 класса. Темы подобраны так, чтобы  они являлись новым источником информации о современной Британии (они должны уметь ответить на вопрос: Что же такое Британия сегодня? и Почему мне хочется дальше изучать английский язык?) и выходили за рамки школьной программы, чтобы заинтересовать учащихся в выборе профиля, а затем и будущей профессии. Мною переработаны авторские программы российских  [1,2,3,4 ] и зарубежных авторов [5,6] .

      К концу курса учащиеся должны уметь:

- собирать, систематизировать и интерпретировать  культуроведческую информацию;

-подготовить выступление по культуроведческой информации;

-использовать различные средства схематизации текстовой информации(таблицы, схемы);

- участвовать в учебных проектах по культуроведческой тематике;

- грамотно и точно использовать лексический материал;

-выполнять задания к прочитанному или прослушанному;

      Учащиеся должны знать:

-особенности культуры современной Британии;

-основные достижения британцев;

     Учащиеся должны уметь использовать полученные знания на других уроках (истории, обществознании, географии);

 Учитывая вышесказанное, целью данного курса является повышение уровня владения языком и развитие иноязычной социокультурной компетенции.

Для достижения поставленной цели необходимо решить следующие задачи:

*развивать навык работы с информацией

*расширять словарный запас

* формировать умение вести дискуссию с использованием речевых клише через диалог и монолог

*развивать познавательные интересы учащихся;

Структура урока предусматривает следующие этапы:    

а)ознакомление с лексикой;

б)употребление лексики в предложениях;

в)чтение текста;

г)построение диалогов на основе изученного материала;

д)монологическое высказывание;

е)аудирование (с использованием аудио-видеокассет)

Данный курс предусматривает проведение уроков  в форме урок-путешествие,  урок-исследование,  решение проблемной задач.

Освоение курса предполагает  самостоятельную работу, включающую индивидуальную, творческую работу.

Формы промежуточного контроля проходят в форме диалогов, монологических высказываний, кроссвордов, таблиц. Итоговый контроль предполагает проведение зачетов, тестов.

Изучение курса завершается защитой мини проекта и контрольным тестом, который включает основные вопросы по теме.

Элективный курс рассчитан на 17 часов.

2. Учебно-тематическое планирование

III.Содержание программы

Программа элективного курса включает следующие темы:

1. Британия и мировое сообщество. Британия и Содружество наций.

Британия, Европа и Америка. (2часа)

2. Кто такие британцы. Многонациональное общество.                   Британская семья. Британский дом. (5часов)
3. Экономика и промышленность. Современные виды промышленности и торговля. Наука и технология. Сельское хозяйство и рыболовство. Рекорды и достижения. (10 часов)

1.Britain &the World.

   Britain & the Commonwealth. Britain & Europe.

   Britain & America. (2 hours)

2.Who are the British?

   A Cosmopolitan Society.

   The British at Home. Family life. “The Englishman’s home is his castle”.

   (5 hours)

3.Economy & Industry.

   Modern Industries & Trade. Science & Technology.

   Agriculture &Fishery. Some Records & Achievements.(10 hours)

IV.Перечень литературы:

1. Ощепкова,В.В. О Британии вкратце.-Москва:Лист,1997
2. Томахин,Г.Д. Города и графства.-Москва:Прсвещение,1999
3. Колодяжная Л.Н. Познакомьтесь: Великобритания.-Москва:Рольф,

2000

4. Сатинова В.Ф. Читаем и говорим о Британии и британцах. -Минск. Высшая школа,1997
5. Peter Bromhead. Life in Modern Britain.- England:Longman,1999
6. Michal Vaughan-Rees.In Britain.- Москва: Титул,1997

3. Перечень ключевых слов.

1.Британия и мировое сообщество

the European Union ( the EU )

the Common Market

the Suez crisis

Nouns:

apartheid –

link –

defense –  

fuel –

Verbs:

to ally-

to announce-

to encourage-

to force-

to fund-

to rely on-

to support-

2. Кто такие британцы?

Nouns:

affair –

arrogance –

contempt–

delusion –

drapery –

devotion –

equals –

famine-

household –

insular –

insularity –

minority –

mosque –

outlook –

privacy –

reunion –

refugee –

snobbery –

society –

stay-at-home –

synagogue –

the wave of immigration

Adjectives:

aloof –

cosmopolitan-

ethnic-

hostile –

multi-racial-

rooted –

semi-skilled-

superiour-

unskilled-

Verbs:

to achieve-

 to advertise

to blame-

to escape-

to increase-

to involve-

to mislead-

to observe-

to prejudice-

to reduce-

to starve-

to uphold-

3. Экономика и промышленность

the Stock Exchange-

Lloyd’s-

Nobel awards-

Nouns:

agriculture-

breeder-

beef breeding-

barley-

braordcasting-

craftsmanship-

commodity-

contribution-

circulation-

engineering industries-

electrical machinery-

fertilizer-

goods-

glassware-

herd-

insurance-

jet engine (aircraft)

livestock-

oats-

pest-

pedigree-

pottery-

reaper-

steam engine-

vehicle-

pneumatic tyre-

wheat-

Verbs:

to harness-

to launch-

to split-

Adjectives:

artificial-

fertile-

nuclear-

precision-

satellite-

IV.Контрольные материалы

1.  Listening

Listen to the text & fill in the missing words:

A Tradition of Immigration

         People have been coming to Britain for(1) ………………………. : some to get a (2)…………….    life, some to escape (3) …………………….. disasters, some as political or (4)……………………refugees. Many Irish people came to England in(5) …………… to escape(6) ……………………,but usually they came to find work. Most of the roads, (7)………………  & canals built in the nineteenth (8)……………………….. were made by Irish workers.

         The (9)…………………. wave of immigration was in the (10)………….. & (11)………………….. .

This happened not only in Britain, but also throughout (12)  ……………..   …………… .

Many companies needed people for(13)  ……………………. or(14) ……………………… jobs.

Britain advertised, particularly in the English-speaking (15)……………….. of the Caribbean, for people to come to Britain & work. Other people come from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India & Hong Kong.

Keys:

1. centuries
2. better
3. natural
4. religious
5. 1845
6. famine
7. railways
8. century
9. greatest
10. 1950s
11. 1960s
12. Western Europe
13. unskilled
14. semi-skilled
15. islands

2. Vocabulary Test

1. Match the words from the box with their definitions. There are some extra words which you do not need to use.

1. Well-known; usual; common; often seen or heard
2. Necessary for; living;
3. Use to produce;
4. Useful thing, especially an article of trade;
5. Accuracy; freedom from error;
6. Investigation;
7. Joining with others in giving help, money, etc; give ideas; suggestions, etc;
8. Safeguard against loss, provision against sickness, death, etc in return for regular payment
9. Break into parts;  divide;
10. The movement of the blood from & to the heart;
11. Take part in; busy oneself with;
12. Carriage (car, lorry, van, bus, etc) for moving goods or passengers on land.

13.It cuts & collects crops of grain from a field, etc.

14.Not natural or real; made by man;

15.Gas without colour, taste or smell, that combines with oxygen to form water;

16.Special quality that belongs to smth;

2. Translate from English into Russian:

1. Nowadays you can see modern electrical machinery in different plants & factories.
2. The manufacturing industries of Great Britain are engineering industries, the production of aircraft engines, mechanical reapers, etc.
3. After making some important probes he got international recognition.
4. Recently a lot of anti-viral agents have appeared in drug stores.
5. In return, they produce leather goods, pottery, glassware.

3.   Final Test ( Britain’s Industry & Agriculture,  Science & Technology)

I.Complete the following sentences:

1.____________________ industry is shipping, insurance, tourism, aviation, etc.

2.Just over _________________ years ago the first industrial revolution began.

3.Just over ___________________ farm workers provide over half the food needed by the British.

4.Distant-water __________________ fish the seas around Labrador, Newfoundland & Iceland.

5.__________________ earns 10 billion a year by selling its financial services, also it contains 8500 companies & 524 banks from 76 countries.

II.Choose the right answer:

1. The first British jet aircraft flew in

2. 1921
3. 1931
4. 1941

3. The atom was split at Cambridge in

2. 1932
3. 1945
4. 1926

5. The first pedal cycle was built by a Scot, Kirkpatric Macmillan, in

2. 1839
3. 1936
4. 1939

7. The British discovered the multicavity magnetron, which marked the beginning of modern radar in

2. 1936
3. 1941
4. 1947

9. The first colour TV service in Western Europe was started by the BBC in

2. 1926
3. 1936
4. 1967

III.Match the words from the box with their definitions:

1. to set in the water; to send forth
2. distributed over a wide region or occurring in many places or among many person
3. to produce, to grow by controlled pollination & selection
4. any means moving on wheels, runners, tracks or the like, as a cart, sled, automobile, tractor, etc
5. accuracy, exactness, strictness
6. before being processed or manufactured into a final form
7. an article of trade or commerce, especially a product as distinguished from a service;
8. operated or powered by atomic energy;
9. acknowledgment of right to be heard or given attention
10. to search into or examine thoroughly

Приложение.

Britain & the Commonwealth

        Britain has always been forced to have good trading relations with other countries. During the 19th century, Britain traded all over the world & had a large colonial Empire. Britain’s international links with the Commonwealth today are still based on the Empire, although the Commonwealth now only works to encourage good cultural relations between members.

        The present 51 members of the Commonwealth have many different styles of government. Some of the countries, such as Canada, are monarchies & recognize the Queen as their Head of State; others, such as India, are republics, & choose their own Heads of State; some countries, such as the Falkland Islands, are British colonies & rely on Britain for defence. All of the countries recognize the Queen as the Head of the Commonwealth.

Britain & Europe. Britain & America.

        Britain’s most important relationship today is with the EU. But in 1957, when the Common Market ( the original name for the EU ) was first set up, Britain was not keen to join. After the Second World War, Britain still believed it was a world power. In fact, Britain had no money. After 1956, Britain knew it could not rely on America. In 1963, Britain realized it had to join the Common Market, but its application was not accepted. It was only in 1973 that Britain was allowed to become a member.

         Now over half of Britain’s trade is with the EU. Even so, not all British people are sure that Europe is a good thing for Britain. About half of British people believe that Britain needs Europe because it offers British companies a market of over 350 million people to buy its products. Britain also needs Europe so that it can buy food, clothes & fuel which it does not produce. Other people think that Britain has always been separate from Europe, that it is an island & should try to keep its differences.

        Britain & the USA were allies in both World Wars & in the Korean War. In recent years, however they have not always supported each other. The USA did not help Britain & France during the Suez crisis in 1956. Britain Did not support the USA in the 1964-73 Vietnam War. Both President Bush & President Clinton have announced that Germany os now the most important ally of the USA.

A Cosmopolitan Society

        Most people in Britain are English, Scottish or Welsh, but in some British cities you can meet people of many different nationalities .

There is one London street, less than 300 metres long, with businesses run by Greeks, Indians, Italians, Jamaicans, Nigerians, Portuguese Spanish, Turkish, as well as British.

      But is Britain a cosmopolitan society? It really depends on where you go. There are large areas of Britain untouched by immigration . In 1991, 5.5  per cent of the 57million population described themselves as belonging to an ethnic minority of Caribbean, African or Asian  origin. However, in Scotland, Wales, the north & south-west of England only one per cent  of the population belongs to the ethnic minority . Most members of ethnic minorities  live in the South-East. In Greater London, they represent 20 per cent  of the population.

       London’s  immigrants come from inside & outside Europe . There are almost  the same number of Irish immigrants  ( 3.8  per cent of the population) as Black Caribbean  immigrants (4.4  per cent of the population). Many so-called  “immigrants” are born in Britain: more than 36,000 Londoners born in Britain describe themselves as

“Black British” instead  of “African” or “Afro-Caribbean”.

The British as They Are

        Great Britain is an island on the outer edge of the European continent, & its geographical situation has produced a certain insular spirit among its inhabitants, who tend , a little more perhaps than other people, to regard their own community as the centre of the world. The insularity produces a certain particularism among the numerous groups of whom the whole community is composed. The British liik on foreigners in general with contempt & think that nothing is as well done elsewhere as in their own community. The British people have also been known as superior, snobbish, aloof & unsociable.

         These characteristics have been noted by people from all over the world, but are they typical of all the Britons? The ordinary Britain was seen to be friendly & sociable. There are indeed two nations, with basically different outlooks & characters, in Britain. The two nations are defined simply as the rich & the poor. The traditional opinion about the British, or the English in earlier centuries, was based on the habits of those Britons who could afford to travel, the diplomats & merchants. English vanity & arrogance grew as England fought off the competition from other European countries & became the world’s leading trading nation, going on to industrialize rapidly.

         Englishmen tend to be rather conservative, they love familiar things. They are hostile, or at least bored, when they hear any suggestion that some modification of their habits, or the introduction of something new & unknown into their lives, might be to the their advantage. This conservatism, on a nation scale, may be illustrated by reference to the public attitude to the monarchy, an institution which is held in affection & reverence by nearly all English people.

          Britain is supposed to be the land of law & order. Part of the British sense for law & orderliness is a love of precedent. For an Englishman, the best of all reasons for doing something in a certain way is that it has always been done in that way. The Britons are practical & realistic, they are not misled by romantic delusions.

          The English sense & feeling for privacy is notorious. England is the land of brick fences & stone walls ( often with glass embedded along the top), of hedges, of thick draperies at all the windows. English people rarely shake hands except when being introduced to someone for the first time. They hardly ever shake hands with their friends except seeing them after a long interval or saying good-buy before a long journey.

            Snobbery is not so common in England today as it was at the beginning of the century. It still exists, however, & advertisers know how to use it in order to sell their goods.

The advertisers are very clever in their use of snobbery. Motorcar manufactures, for example, advertise the colour of their cars as “Embassy Black” or “Balmoral Stone”. Embassy black is pain, ordinary black, but the name suggests diplomats & all the social importance that surrounds them, & this is what the snobs need.

            The British people are prudent & careful about almost everything. Their lawns are closely cropped, their flower beds primly cultivated, & their trees neatly pruned. Everything is orderly. Drinks are carefully measured, seats in a cinema are carefully assigned (even if the theatre is empty you are required to sit in the seat assigned to you), closing hours rigorously observed.

             A tradition that is rooted not only in their own soul, but in the minds of the rest of the world is the devotion of the English to animals. Animals are protected by law. If, for instance, anyone leaves a cat to starve in an empty house while he goes for his holiday, he can be sent to prison. There are special dogs’ cemeteries. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was founded half a century before its counterpart for the prevention of cruelty to children.

            Most people in Britain work a five-day week, from Monday to Friday; schools, colleges & universities are also closed on Saturdays & Sundays. As Friday comes along, as people leave work they say to each other, “Have a nice week-end!” Then on Monday morning they ask, “Did you have a nice week-end?”

            On Sunday mid-mornings most British people indulge in some fairly light activities such as gardening, washing the car, shelling peas or chopping mint for Sunday lunch, or taking the dog for a walk. Another most popular pre-lunch activity consists of a visit to a “pub” – either a walk to the “local”, or often nowadays a drive to a more pleasant “country pub” if one lives in a built-up area. The national drink in England is beer, & the pub, where Englishmen go to drink to, is a peculiarly English institution.

            Much leisure time is spent in individualistic pursuits, of which the most popular is gardening. Most English people love gardens, their own above all, & this is probably one reason why so many people prefer to live in houses rather than in flats.

            The British people are the world’s greatest tea drinkers. They drink a quarter of all the tea grown in the world each year. Many of them drink tea on at least eight different occasions during the day.

Britain’s Industry & Trade.

            Britain lives by industry & trade. Its 55,5 million people provide one of the world’s biggest markets for food & raw materials. In return, British manufactured goods of every kind are sent all over the world. They make up about an eighth of the world’s total exports of manufactures. Invisible exports – shipping, insurance, aviation, tourism, etc. – earn nearly as much as commodity exports.

            Just over 200 years ago the first industrial revolution began in Britain with such epoch-making inventions as the steam engine & the first machinery for weaving textiles. Later, British inventors & engineers gave the world the first railways, steam-ships, pneumatic tyres, miners’ safety lamps, mechanical reapers, matches & many other things that are now familiar everywhere.

             Today, in a new age of technology, Britain has made important advances in such new industries as electronics & telecommunications equipment, in aircraft & aircraft engines, in plastics & synthetic materials, radio-isotopes & new drugs – all major exports. At the same time Britain has harnessed traditional craftsmanship to modern methods to continue to produce those items for which she is justly famous, such as  pottery, glassware, woolen & leather goods.

              Engineering industries produce many leading exports: electrical machinery, cars, tractors & commercial vehicles, bicycles & precision instruments of many kinds make up nearly half the goods exported.

              Britain is the world’s third largest trading nation, accounting for about 11 per cent of international trade in manufactured goods. Over a quarter of total exports go to Commonwealth countries & over a third to Western Europe. The United States, Canada, Australia, India, New Zealand & the Federal Republic of Germany are among Britain’s chief trading partners.

              Britain’s role as a trading nation & centre of the Sterling Area, which holds a quarter of the world’s population, includes a vast network of financial services, centred on the City of London. With its many famous institutions, such as the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange & Lloyd’s, & its international markets for commodities such as rubber, metals & tea, the City has for over a century held a place of first importance in world trade.

Science & Technology in Britain.

              Since the first artificial splitting of the atom at Cambridge,  in 1932, by Sir John Cockcroft & Dr. E.T.S.Walton, Britain’s nuclear scientists have made continuous progress in harnessing atomic energy. Today eight  commercial nuclear power stations are supplying electricity for factories & homes & others are being built. Some of Britain’s top scientists are engaged in space research on projects such as upper atmosphere probes with British-built rockets at Woomera, Australia, & in work on satellite communications. Others are making vital discoveries in the laboratory into the very nature of the life itself.

              Britain is pre-eminent in radio astronomy & in many fields of electronics including miniaturization, one of the most important factors in the electronics revolution, & in radar for marine & aviation purposes. Much basic work was done in Britain on electronic computers. British advances in medicine include penicillin & other antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, heart-lung machines, a new anti-viral agent, Interferon, of great potential value & many other important developments in the treatment of disease.

              British contributions to science include a lot of great discoveries linked with famous names – Sir Isaac Newton ( theory of gravitation), Robert Boyle (“the father of modern chemistry”), Michael Faraday (whose discoveries gave rise to the electrical industry), & Henry Cavendish ( properties of hydrogen). In the present century – J.J. Thomson, Lord Rutherford & Sir James Chadwick (basic work on nuclear science),  Sir William Bragg (X-ray analysis), & many others. Medicine owes much to such pioneers as William Harvey

(circulation of the blood), Edward Jenner (vaccination), Joseph Lister (antiseptics), Sir Ronald Ross (who proved the relation between malaria & mosquitoes).

               Since 1945 there have been 27 British scientists who have received international recognition for their work by gaining Nobel awards. There are over 200 learned scientific societies in Britain.

Agriculture & Fisheries in Britain.

                  Although Britain is a highly industrialized country, agriculture is still one of the most important industries. Just over 700,000 farm workers provide over half the food needed by some 55,5 million people. This is achieved by widespread use of machinery ( there are over 500,000 tractors in use) & by making the best use of the results of research & scientific experiments.

              For a small country, Britain has a great variety of soil, climate & types of farming; ranging from beef breeding in Scotland & sheep farming in the mountains of Wales to growing crops, mainly wheat, barley, oats & potatoes, in the large, flat, fertile areas of the eastern countries.

               Over 200 years ago British livestock breeders developed the principles which have produced some of the world’s finest pedigree cattle, sheep, pigs & horses. Famous breeds of cattle – Hereford, Shorthorn, Aberdeen, Angus, Ayrshire & others – have laid the foundation of pedigree herds in North & South America, Australia & many other countries.

               Agricultural research is carried out at over 50 research stations in pest control, fertilizers, plant & animal diseases & the improvement of crops & livestock. Their work gives valuable aid to farmers in the developing countries, which send many students to Britain.

               Sea fishing, round the coasts of Britain & in distant waters, is of great importance in Scotland & in the north-east of England. About two-fifth of Britain’s 22,000 fishermen are employed in the Scottish ports, such as Aberdeen, Fraserburgh & Granton. Distant-water vessels fish the seas around Labrador, Newfoundland, Greenland & Iceland.

               Research into improved methods of fishing, processing & storage plays a big part in modernizing an ancient industry.

Some Records & Achievements.

               The use of the jet engine for aircraft was pioneered by a team led by Sir Frank Whittle & the first British jet aircraft flew in 1941. In 1958 Britain began the first transatlantic jet service. The vertical take-off aircraft was born in Britain 40 years ago & since then powerful lift jet engines have been developed.

               The first public demonstration of television was given by J.L.Baird in 1926. The British Broadcasting Corporation began the world’s first high-definition TV service in 1936. The first colour TV service in Western Europe was started by the BBC in 1967.

                The first thermionic valve was patented in England in 1904 by Sir Ambrose Fleming, who could have foreseen, few of the consequences of his invention – radio broadcasting, television, radar navigational aids & communications satellites. The British discovery in 1941 of the multicavity magnetron marked the beginning of modern radar, which played a major part in the Second World War. Today over half the world’s shipping carries British radar equipment.

                Among a series of historic glights the first Atlantic crossing was made by the British airmen Alcock & Brown in 1919. The summit of the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest in Nepal, was first reached by members of Lord Hunt’s British Expedition. They were Sir Edmund Hillary, a New Zealander, & the Nepalese guide Sherpa Tenzing in 1953.

               The first practical steam driven ship was launched on the River Clyde in Scotland in 1802. The steam turbine, now universally used by big ships, was invented in Britain by Sir Charles Parsons. The first gas turbine applied to ship propulsion was developed by the Admiralty in 1947.

               The record for the first mile to be run in under four minutes was set up by Dr.Roger Bannister in 1954.

               The first pedal cycle was built by a Scot, Kirkpatric Macmillan, in 1839. Today Britain is the world’s biggest exporter of cycles.