PRESENTATION "Developing public speaking skills"
презентация к уроку по английскому языку по теме

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Developing Public Speaking Skills at school

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“ Nothing in life is more important than the ability to communicate effectively” Gerald Ford

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Presentation presentations are communication activities where one person is speaking and others - listening

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Who do you communicate with every day? Do you communicate well with them? Why? / Why not? Who is the best communicator you know? Why?

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Presentation skills Coping with nerves, Checking body language, Tuning eye contact, Checking your facial expression and gesture Voice production

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Preparation is the key to success “ If I had eight hours to chop down a tree, I’d spend six sharpening my axe” – Abraham Lincoln

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When preparing a presentation Context Make sure you understand the context. Here is a checklist of questions to ask: Who is the audience? What’s your main goal? What might be their expectations? What experience do you have as a presenter?

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When preparing a presentation context What is the theme of the presentation? What does the presenter want the audience to get from the presentation? What facilities are available? What aids is the presenter planning to use?

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Presentation structure An introduction A middle section (usually contains the main substance) A conclusion Arousal of interest A description of the case that needs solving A solution Advantages of this particular solution A statement about what the audience has to do next All parts should be related to each other.

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Tips for confident communication

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When preparing a presentation: Introduction Open with an attention grabber, State the benefits of listening, Explain who you are, State what you will cover Give main direction to the presentation

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Language. Introduction Hello. Thank you all for coming./ Good afternoon, everyone. It’s good to see you all here. Let’s get started / Let’s make a start. I’m Anna Voronina, Pearson teacher trainer and academic consultant. I’ve been asked to speak to you about…

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Introduce the main points of your presentation First – Firstly / To begin with / To start with… After that – Next / I’d also like to… Finally – Lastly / The last point / Last of all

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Make listeners feel involved: As I think you know / As you may know / As I’m sure you know… Inviting people to comment as you speak: Please make comments as I talk Please feel free to give me your feedback.

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Dealing with questions: If you have any questions, please feel free to stop me. I’m happy to answer any questions as I talk. Please feel free to ask questions as we go along.

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If you don’t want to be interrupted: I’ll leave fifteen minutes at the end for questions. I’d be happy to answer any question at the end. There’ll be time at the end for questions and comments. Please save any questions for the end of the talk.

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When preparing a presentation: Main body Your key points with visual aids, Include anecdotes to aid memory and add some humour, Include examples, figures, and statistics, Emphasize unusually, invite audience participation, Don’t be afraid to repeat important points

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When preparing a presentation: Conclusion Signpost clearly that you are reaching the end, End positively and with a bang Work out you’re your timing carefully Practice, practice, practice, practice, practice, practice, practice, practice….

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Useful suggestions:

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How to assess presentations? Content ( Purpose? / Interest? / Appropriateness?) Structure ( Organisation? / Signposting? / Linking?) Grammar ( Accuracy? / Appropriateness?)

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Useful expressions for finishing your presentation: … I’ve covered the points I needed to present today… That sums up my description of… Using quotations: In the words of a well-known writer… As … once said… To quote a famous…

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When assessing presentation: Content ( Purpose? / Interest? / Appropriateness?) Structure ( Organisation? / Signposting? / Linking?) Grammar ( Accuracy? / Appropriateness?) Vocabulary ( Accuracy? / Appropriateness? / Pronunciation?) Delivery ( Pronunciation? / Projection? / Eye contact? / Body language? / Communication?)

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You can have brilliant ideas, but if you can't get them across, your ideas won't get you anywhere. ~ Lee Iacocca The art of communication is the language of leadership . ~ James Humes

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… I’d like to thank you all for taking out of your busy day to listen to my presentation… Thank you for listening. Thank you for your attention. It was good to see you all here. Many thanks for coming.

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Teaching Debate in the English Language Classroom

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Seminar plan Reasons for using debates in the classroom Debates terminology How we teach Important issues Skills needed for debating Dealing with information Developing arguments Convincing people Procedure and points to keep in mind Speech in focus Debate schedule Judging criteria

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What we gain Personal enjoyment Memorable language Thinking clearly Empathy and tolerance of ideas different from our own The best learning experiences.

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Brainstorm Why would teaching debate in the English language classroom be beneficial?

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Why teach debate? Debating ability is a valuable skill; Debate utilizes useful English; Develops critical thinking skills, ability to evaluate what we read and hear; Develops cooperative efforts and improves social skills; Develops research skills and ability to select and assess information.

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How we teach Opinions: What is an opinion How do you express your opinion How do you express agreement or disagreement Resolutions: fact, policy, value Debate in the news

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How we teach Expressing your opinion: Giving reasons Strong reasons: logical, specific, convincing Types of reasons: comparison, contrast, cause-and-effect Brainstorming

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How we teach Supporting your opinion: Opinion – Reason – Support Types of support: explanation, example, statistic, expert Intro to research

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How we teach : Challenging supports Testing supports: no source, not enough explanation, out-of-date, questionable statistic, questionable source biased Stating refutation of a source

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Issues: Debate structure Knowledge of the topic Language fluency

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The Main Skills The three most important skills in debating are (in order of importance): The ability to listen. Analysing what you hear. The ability to speak in front of people.

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Quick reference of debate Research your motion Develop your arguments Write your speech Deliver your speech

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Teaching tips: Pre-teaching activities: Ask the students to choose a topic of interest Encourage them to bring in their personal experience on the topic chosen Collect information on that topic Get them to work in small groups of 3 – 4. Discuss with the students WHERE and HOW they have obtained the information

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Teaching tips: Pre-teaching activities: Ask them what difficulties they have encountered in the process of doing so? Which ways do they find convenient and useful? What are the limitations of getting information from the Internet? Does library research enable the students to find more information that is not available on the Internet?

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More tips for working with information Organizing information: Recording information (ice-cream effect) Grouping information Leaving irrelevant information out: Irrelevant details Boring details Any information you can’t verify

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Develop your arguments Argument by generalization Argument by cause Argument by analogy

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How You Convince People Speeches: Reasons: Examples:

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Be a good listener Listen carefully to all the opposing arguments Try to grasp your opponents’ arguments Make convincing and persuasive responses to their attacks. Differentiate between major and minor issues raised by your opponents.

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Be a good listener Concentrate on points relating to the main line of argument. Remember, if you don’t listen carefully, you won’t be able to make sensible rebuttals that are essential to winning a debate.

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Dealing with floor questions: From another team or from the audience; Short and to the point; Address one point only; The questioner can also specify a certain debater to answer his question; Not one and the same debater to deal with all the floor questions; The floor question should be phrased as a question, not in form of a statement or a speech.

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Write Your Speech The never-fail formula: Tell the audience what you’re going to tell them Tell them Tell them what you’ve told them

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The speech: Shaping the speech: 1. The beginning 2. The body 3. The conclusion Increasing credability: 1. Definitions 2. Quotations 3. Statistics Making it clear and simple : 1. No unnecessary words 2. No ambiguous language 3. No sexist, racist language 4. Polishing your speech Making your speech powerful Intensity Style Humo u r Figures of speech

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Speech delivery Delivery techniques Voice Pace Rhythm Emphasis Body language Style Practice Speak to yourself Practice in front of a mirror Ask your friends’ opinion The Voice Checklist

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Judging Criteria Organization Info presented clearly with transitions Definition “ Difficult” words defined Consistency, Relevance Arguments are consistent, relevant to proposition Body language Debaters sit up, use gestures and make eye contact Voice Debaters speak clearly, audibly Example, Facts, Statistic, Sources Support provided and/or serious thought done on proposition Effectiveness Opponent ideas are used well in refutation

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Debate basics (easier) - A debate is a discussion between sides with different views. Persons speak for or against something before making a decision.

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Debate basics (harder) Debates are a means of encouraging critical thinking, personal expression, and tolerance of others' opinions.