Black Americans
презентация к уроку по английскому языку по теме

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Black Americans Where was segregation applied? Segregation Because many whites thought that black people were inferior, they were kept separate in all public places. This was called Segregation . It existed in the Southern states of America and was legalised by laws known as the Jim Crow Laws.

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MIGRATION To escape Segregation and find better paid work many moved North but there was still discrimination.

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The Klu Klux Klan The Aim of the KKK was to prevent Blacks from gaining equal rights. Activities included threats, intimidation, burning crosses, and lynchings . They got away with it because policemen and judges were often members and white people were to frightened to speak out against them

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How did the Depression affect blacks? Why were the Blacks badly hit by the Depression? The were already poor They were blamed by Whites… more violence More worked in Farming “New Deal” didn’t help them ‘ last to be hired f irst to be fired’

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Who stood up for the Blacks? The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People ( NAACP) used legal challenges ( ie taking people to court) to try and get better rights for blacks. The 1940s During the War Blacks fought in Segregated ‘Jim Crow’ regiments and often did menial ‘ unheroic ’ jobs but there were some GAINS: Blacks in the army experienced life without segregation abroad. At home there were new, better paid jobs in war factories NB discrimination illegal in gov . owned factories. Awareness raised at home and abroad because war is all about racial prejudice of Hitler. Gives Blacks determination to fight on. Membership of NAACP increases by nearly 10 times. White attitudes begin to change eg . President Truman.

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The Civil Rights Movement Aims of Civil Rights: Blacks should have the same social and political rights as white people. Blacks should continue to live in America as US Citizens. Black and White communities should live together in harmony.

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Before school desegregation, most black students were educated in exclusively black schools. Today, 70% of black students are still educated in predominantly black schools. School desegregation, mandated in theory, has not yet been achieved in practice. Class of Waldorf Negro Elementary School, Maryland (1941). Image courtesy of the National Archives. We must learn to live together as brothers, or perish together as fools." -- Martin Luther King Jr. Early Civil Rights Movement (1921-1953)

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The most famous Civil Rights leader was Martin Luther King. He believed in Non-Violence because he didn’t want people to get hurt or to give whites an excuse to say that Blacks were uncivilised .

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Why was Martin Luther King so important to the Civil Rights cause? He was the most famous leader of the Civil Rights Movement . He believed passionately in equality for Black people and devoted his life to the cause. He took a central role in Civil Rights Action eg . The Bus Boycott . Under his leadership a great deal was achieved. His Non-violent approach won over more blacks and even some whites to the cause….gave the movement credibility& respectability. His inspirational speeches inspired blacks to fight on.

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Malcolm X was a member of the Nation of Islam. He believed that whites and blacks would always be enemies. He also thought that Blacks should use violence against whites because the whites used violence against them (KKK etc). He led the Black Power movement which encouraged blacks to carry guns and take control of their own communities. SUMMARY: CIVIL RIGHTS Aims: To get equal rights and treatment for Black Americans. Tactics: MLK favoured non-violence but Malcolm X disagreed. Achievements: Civil Rights legislation of the 1960s ended segregation and in theory ensured equal rights and treatment for blacks BUT ….how much did it really change things for blacks? But not everybody believed that non – violence was the best policy……..

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The Brown Decision In 1954 a Mr. Brown (with the help of the NAACP) took the Topeka Board of Education to court because his daughter had to travel miles to school when there was a whites only school nearby. They won and on 19 May 1954 Chief Justice Earl Warren declared that segregation in Education was illegal. It was a major victory although most states and districts just ignored the law. The Bus Boycott On Dec 1st 1955 Rosa Parkes refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white passenger. As a result she was arrested and jailed. MLK led the local black community in a boycott of the buses. The Supreme Court ruled in Nov. 1956 that segregation on buses was illegal. Little Rock, Arkansas In September 1957 nine black students tried to enter Little Rock Central High School, but the State Governor used National Guardsmen to stop them from going in. President Eisenhower sided with the Blacks and sent 1000 paratroopers to protect black students on their way to school. It is important to know about some of the key actions/events of the Civil Rights Movement although you will probably not have the opportunity to write about them in any great detail during the exam.

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….So what did the Civil Rights Movement actually achieve? Civil Rights Act 1957: 1 Discrimination is now legal 2 All Americans have the right to vote 3 A special commission is set up to try people who still discriminate The Act changed little in the south of the USA Civil Rights Act 1964 1 Equal rights in shops and restaurants 2 No racism allowed in employment 3 Equal Employment Opportunities Commission set up to investigate complaints 1965 No racism allowed in voting 1967 International marriage was no longer against the law 1968 The Fair Housing Act aimed to stop racism in housing

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Protesters rally outside of the U.S. Supreme Court building during oral arguments on two major school desegregation cases on December 4, 2006. The black civil rights movement has changed in recent decades, but it remains strong, energized, and relevant. Modern Civil Rights Movement (1993-)