Пособие по английскому языку Live and Learn
методическая разработка по английскому языку (9 класс) по теме

Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

“Средняя общеобразовательная школа №38”

Пособие по английскому языку

Live  and  Learn

(из опыта  работы  Табекиной  И.И.

учителя английского  языка)

г. Воркута

2009 г.

Пояснительная записка.

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для учащихся II и III ступени обучения общеобразовательных учреждений.

Цель пособия – развить навыки устной речи, помочь школьникам овладеть разговорной речью по определенной тематике на уровне, соответствующем требованиям Государственного  стандарта.

Большое внимание также уделяется формированию и развитию общеучебных навыков, включая навыки взаимо-  и самоконтроля.

Пособие состоит из 9 разделов. Каждый раздел включает ряд подразделов, которые содержат аутентичный страноведческий материал для взаимосвязанного обучения всем видам речевой деятельности на английском языке, письменные задания, направленные на закрепление и автоматизацию лексико-граматических навыков, перечень слов и выражений, предназначенных для двустроннего (продуктивно-рецептивного) овладения.

В конце каждого раздела в секции “Memory Work” дана подборка стихов, песен, пословиц, что так же делает изучение английского языка увлекательным и предполагает активную познавательную и творческую деятельность обучаемых.

Пособие может быть использовано для работы на уроках, на факультативных занятиях и в кружках.

 TOPIC 1. GREAT  BRITAIN.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated off the Northwest coast of Europe. The UK consists of four parts. They are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK lies on the British Isles. The two main islands are Great Britain and Ireland. They are separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The west coast of the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea. The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is nearly 60 million.

Geographically Great Britain is divided into Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises Southern and Eastern Britain. Highland Britain includes Scotland, Wales, the Pennines and the Lake District. The highest mountain, Ben Nevis, is in Scotland. The flora of the British Isles is much varied and the fauna is similar to that  of the north-west of Europe.

Britain is not very rich in natural industrial resources. The main coal areas are the South Wales fields, the Lowlands of Scotland, the Yorkshire field and others. The deposits of iron ore are in the east of England and in the Middle-England plain.

The climate of Great Britain is mild. The Atlantic ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream
influence the weather of the British Isles. Summers are coo and rainy. There is a lot of rain and fog
in autumn and in winter.

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain. The Severn is the longest river, the Thames is the most important one.

The United Kingdom is one of the world's most industrialized countries. Big cities and towns such as London, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool and others have enterprises of nearly all branches of industry, old and new.

The biggest centres of iron and steel industry are situated in the neighbourhood of coal basins. They are Newcastle, Cardiff, Glasgow and Sheffield. Steam engines and electric motors, machine tools, derricks, textile machinery, locomotives and automobiles are produced at the machine-building plants of Birmingham, Sheffield and London. The ship-building industry is of great importance for Britain. A lot of countries place orders for new ships with the British shipyards in Glasgow, Belfast and Newcastle. The most important branches of the textile industry are woolen and cotton industries. British woollen stuffs are widely known for their high quality. The main centre of the cotton industry is Manchester. Britain imports cotton from America and other countries through the port of Liverpool.

The capital of the country is London. English is the official language.Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The powers of the British Queen are limited by Parliament. The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The main political parties of Great Britain are the Conservative and Labour Parties. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has always played an important role in world politics.

NOTES:

I. EXERCISES.  PRONOUNCE CORRECTLY

Atlantic ocean

United Kingdom

Southern Britain

Northern Ireland

Belfast

Birmingham

British Isles

neighbourhood

Cardiff

England

Europe

Glasgow

Great Britain

Gulf Stream

Irish Sea

Liverpool

LondonManchester

monarchy

Newcastle

Parliament

Scotland

Severn

Sheffield

Sovereign

Thames

Wales

Yorkshire

II. CHOOSE THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS FROM THE RIGHT COLUMN TO THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES

a coast        1. делить

to consist of  smth.        2. соседствоto lie        3. палата

to divide        4. включать в себя

to include        5. монарх

to vary        6. власть

mild        7. побережье

to influence        8. изменяться

neighbourhood        9. качество

to produce        10. располагаться

quality        11. оказывать влияние

power        12. остров

the House        13. производить, выпускать

a sovereign        14. состоять из чего-либо

an island        15. мягкий

III.         PUT  IN  THE  WORDS  OMITTED  IN  THE  FOLLOWING:

THE  SENTENCES  ARB ALL IN  THE  PIECE  YOU  HAVE  JUST  READ

1. The UK is______ of the Northwest coast of Europe.
2. Great Britain and Northern Ireland are _______from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover.

1. The east coast of the country is ______by the North Sea.

2. Lowland Britain _ Southern and Eastern Britain.The fauna of British Isles is_____        to that of the north-west of Europe.
3. The        of iron ore are in the east of England and in the Middle-England plain.
4. The summers are ______        and rainy.
5. Big cities and towns have        of nearly all        of industry.
6. The ship-building industry is        for Britain.

1. A lot of countries        for new ships with British shipyards.
2. The most important        of the textile industry are woolen and cotton industries.
3. The UK has always        an important        in world politics.

IV.        FINISH UP THE SENTENCE OF THE TEXT

1. The four parts of the UK are....
2. The two main islands are ....
3. The west coast of the country is washed by ....
   4 The east coast of the country is washed by ....

1. Geographically Great Britain is divided into ....
2. Great Britain is not very rich in ....
3. Summers are....
4. The Severn is ....
5. The Thames is ....

10 Big cities of Great Britain are ....

1. The centres of iron and steel industries are .,..The centres of machine-building plants are ....
2. The centres of ship-building industry are ....
3. The centre of the cotton industry is ....
4. The British Parliament consists of...

V. WHAT WOULD YOU SAY IF YOU TOOK PART IN THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE?

ACT IT OUT

A.: Where is  the  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland situated.?
В.:        

A.: Where does the UK fie?

В.:        

A. What are the two main islands separated from the continent by?

В        

A. What is the population of the UK?

В        A. What do Lowland Britain and Highland Britain comprise ?

В        

A. What is the highest mountain in the UK ?

В        

A. What can you say about the flora and fauna of the country ?
В        

A. Where are the deposits of coal and Iron ore situated ?

В        

A. What is the climate of the UK?

В        

A. What influences the weather of the British  Isles ?

В        

A. What are the main rivers in the UK ?

В        

A. What is  the capital of  the UK?

В        

A. What is the political system of the UK ?

В        

A. What are the powers of the British Queen limited by?

В        

A.   What are the main political parties in Great Britain ?
В        

VI. REPRODUCE THE TOPIC "GREAT BRITAIN" IN  ENGLISH  ACCORDING  TO  THE  PLAN MADE  UP

VII. CHOSE  A TOPIC AND GIVE YOUR ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST:

1. A small country is always an easy prey for bigger ones.
2. The smaller the country, the better living standards could be provided for its population.
3. Only big countries achieve constant and stable economic growth.
4. Multinational states are always suppressing cultural minorities.
5. Economic growth and scientific progress are of primary importance to the nation’s wealth.

VIII. MEMORY  WORK.

England! With all thy faults, I love thee still, I said at Calais, and have not forgot it.

like the taxes when they're not too many;

 like a sea-coal fire, when not too dear;

like a beef-steak, too, as well as any;

Have no objection to a pot of beer;

I like the weather when it is not rainy,

That is, I like two months of every year.

                                                     George Byron

IX. MEMORY  WORK.

Breathes there a man with soul so dead,

Who never to himself hath said,

This is my own, my native land!

Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned

As home his footsteps he hath turned,

From wandering on a foreign strand?

(From "The Love of the Country" by Sir Walter Scott)

TOPIC 2. LONDON,  THE  CAPITAL  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  NORTHERN  IRELAND.

London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is an ancient city of more than twenty centuries old. It is the largest city in Britain and one of the largest of the world. London is not only the capital of the country, it is also a huge port.

The population of London is about 9 million.

London is situated on the river Thames. The Thames, which is known to Londoners simply as "the river", flows through London, dividing it into north and south. There are 17 bridges over the Thames, but perhaps the best known of them are Waterloo, Tower and London bridges. All of them carry heavy traffic from one side of the river to the other.The most important parts of London are the City, the West End and the East End.

The City is the oldest part of London. It covers only about a square mile and about ten thousand people live there. During the day it is full of people, but at the end of the day businessmen, clerks and secretaries go home and the City becomes silent and almost empty. Over a million people come to the City every day to work in big banks and offices. The City is the financial and business part of London. Numerous banks, offices and trusts are concentrated there.

The West End is a symbol of wealth and luxury. It is the richest part of London. Here you can see the most beautiful places of London: wide streets, the finest theatres, cinemas and concert halls, large museums and the best hotels and the largest department stores. There are splendid houses and lovely parks and gardens there.

The East End is unattractive in appearance. It includes the port, docks, a lot of factories and workshops. This part of London is very important in the country's economy and commerce because a lot of workers work and live there. There is a striking contrast between the East End and the West End, the streets are narrow and there are no big parks or gardens in the East End. It is a densely populated district.There are a lot of places of interest in London, such as the Tower, the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Trafalgar Square, St. Paul's Cathedral,  Buckingham Palace and others.

The Tower of London is an old castle on the bank of the Thames formerly a fortress, a palace and a prison. Now the Tower is a museum and houses the Crown jewels and other treasures.

The Palace of Westminster - the proper name for the Houses of Parliament - was the king's palace for five hundred years Big Ben is the name given to the clock and bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. It is interesting that the clock "Big Ben" came into service in 1859. Big Ben is the biggest clock bell in Britain. It weighs 13.5 tons.Westminster Abbey is very old and very beautiful, and it is full of history. Nearly all the kings and queens of Britain were crowned and buried there. Chaucer, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Newton, Darwin were buried there too.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was so named in memory of Lord Nelson's great naval victory in 1805, when he destroyed the French fleet in the battle of Trafalgar. The statue of Lord Nelson, Britain's national hero stands on top of the column in the centre of the square.

St. Paul's Cathedral was designed by Christopher Wren. The most notable feature of it is the enormous dome. It took Wren 35 years to build the cathedral.

Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the Queen. It was built in the 18th century.

London is the centre of Britain's cultural life. There are a lot of museums and galleries in London: the National Gallery, the Tate gallery, the Natural History Museum and a lot of others. The British Museum is well known as one of the largest museums in the world. It is really a history museum. One can see there Egyptian statues, sphinxes, mummies, Roman sculptures, drawings and paintings. The Museum has a rich library with copies of rare manuscripts.

ACTIVE  VOCABULARY  TO  REMEMBER

EXERCISES

I. PRONOUNCE  CORRECTLY

Buckingham Palace

Charles Dickens

Chaucer

Christopher Wren

clerk

commerce

commercial

Darwin

Egyptian

feature

financial

Great Britain

Houses of Parliament

jewels

London

naval

Newton

Northern Ireland

numerous

rare

silent

St. Paul's Cathedral

striking

Thames

Tomas Hardy

Tower

Trafalgar Square

Treasure

United Kingdom

Waterloo

Weigh

Westminster Abbey

1. III.        SUBSTITUTE  THE  WORDS  AND  WORD  COMBINATIONS  FROM  THE  TEXT FOR  THE   PARTS  UNDERLINEDLondon is a very old city.
2. London is also a very big port.
3. London is located on the river Thames.
4. The City of London spreads over about a square mile.
5. During the day the City fills up with people.
6. A lot of banks and offices are concentrated in the City.
7. There are magnificent houses in the West End.
8. The East End comprises the port, docks, a lot of factories and workshops.
9. There is a noticeable contrast between the East End and the West End.

1. The East End is a thickly-inhabited district.
2. The Tower of London stores the Crown jewels and other highly valued things.
3. Nearly all the kings and queens of Britain were put into the grave in the Westminster Abbey.
4. Trafalgar Square was named in memory of Lord Nelson's great warships victory of 1805.
5. The most remarkable feature of St. Paul's Cathedral is the very large dome.
6. The British Museum has a rich library with copies of uncommon manuscripts.

IV.         WHAT  WOULD  YOU  SAY  IF  YOU  TOOK  PART  IN  THE   FOLLOWING DIALOGUE ? ACT  IT  OUTA.: What is London ?

В.:        

A.: What is the population of London ?

В.:        

A.: What does the Thames flow through ?
В.:        

What are the most important parts of London ?

В.:        

A.: What can you say about the City of London ?

В.:        

A.: What is the West End of London famous for?

В        

A.: What can you say about the East End of London ?

В.:        

A.: What are the places of interest in London?В.:        

A.: What is the Tower now?

В.:        

A.: What can you say about the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, Big Ben, Trafalgar Square, St.Paul’s Cathedral and Buckingham Palace?

В.:        

A.: What museums and galleries is London famous for?
В.:        

V.  PUT  QUESTIONS  TO  WHICH  THESE ARE THE ANSWERS. THE MORTANT WORDS  IN  THE  ANSWER  ARE  UNDERLINED.  ACT  OUT  THE  DIALOGUE

A        ?

B. London is an ancient city of more than twenty centuries old.

A.        ?

B. .London is situated on the river Thames.A        ?

B. There are 17 bridges over the Thames.

A        ?

B. The City covers a square mile.

A        ?

B. The City is the financial and business part of London.

A        ?

B. The West End is the richest part of London.

A.        ?

B. The East End includes the port, docks, a lot of factories and workshops.

A        ?

B. The Tower of London used to. be a fortress, a palace and a prison.

A        ?

B. The clock "Big Ben" came into service in 1859.

A        ?

B. Nearly of the kings and queens of Britain were crowned and buried in Westminster Abbey.

A        ,?

B. The statue of Lord Nelson stands on top of the column in the centre of Trafalgar Square.
A        ?

B. It took Christopher Wren thirty-five years to build St. Paul's Cathedral.
A        ?

B. Buckingham Palace was built in the 18th century.

A        ?

B. The British Museum is well known as one of the largest museums in the world.

VI. REPRODUCE THE TOPIC "LONDON. THE CAPITAL OF THE UNITED

KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND" ENGLISH ACCORDING TO  THE PLAN MADE UP

VII. TRANSFER

Write a paragraph about

1. a monument of the past

2. a historical place of your town youn’d like to show to your foreign friendpeoples, that are rich in thein cultural heritage

VIII. Memory Work

Sonnet Composed upon

Westminster Bridge

Earth has not anything to show more fair:

Dull would he be of soul who could pass by

A sight so touching in its majesty:

This City now doth like a garment wear

The beauty of the morning; silent, bare,

Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie

Open unto the fields, and to the sky:

All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.

Never did sun more beautifully steep

In his first splendor, valley, rock or hill;

Never saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!

The river glides at his own sweet will:

Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;

And all that mighty is lying still!

                                                     William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

TOPIC 3. HIGHER  EDUCATION  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN.

        Higher education is provided at universities, colleges of education and advanced courses at polytechnics and other establishments of higher and further education. The oldest and best-known universities are in Oxford, Cambridge, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Bristol, Cardiff, Birmingham. A university consists of a number of faculties (colleges): divinity, medicine, arts (philosophy), law, music, natural sciences, economics, engineering, agriculture, commerce and education.

 University teaching in the UK differs greatly at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels from that in many other countries.An undergraduate programme consists of a series of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes which in total account for about 15 hours per week.

Following a particular programme students take a series of lecture courses which may last one academic term or the whole year. Associated with each lecture course are seminars, tutorials, laboratory classes which illustrate the topics presented in the lectures.

Lectures are given to large groups of students (from 20 to 200). Seminars and tutorials are much smaller than lecture classes and in some departments can be on a one-to-one basis (one member of staff and one student).

Students prepare work in advance for seminars and tutorials. And this can take the form of researching a topic for discussion by writing essays or by solving problems.Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all one hour in length, laboratory classes last two or three hours. Much emphasis is put on the private study nature of a UK degree. Each student has a tutor whom he can consult on any matter whether academic or personal.

The academic year is split into three terms. Formal teaching takes place in the first two terms which last for twenty four weeks in total. The third term is reserved for classes and examinations and lasts for six weeks.

After three years of study a student may proceed to a Bachelor's degree and later on to the degree of Master and Doctor.

The Bachelor's degree is given to students who pass examinations at the end of three or four
years of study. Bachelor of Arts for history, philosophy, language and literature and sometimes some social studies, or Bachelor of Science or Commerce or Music. Bachelors' degrees are at two levels, Honours and Pass. It  some cases the Honours degree is given .for intensive study and examination in one, two or perhaps three related subjects, while the Pass (or "General") degree may be somewhat broader. In other cases the Honours degree is given to the students who are more successful in their examinations.

The first post-graduate degree is that of Master, conferred for a thesis based-on at least one
year's full-time work. Everywhere the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis which is
an original contribution to knowledge.

The oldest Universities in Great Britain are Oxford and Cambridge Universities. They were founded in the two towns towards the end of the twelfth century. Because of their age, traditions, historical associations and reputation the prestige of Oxford and Cambridge Universities is very high, consequently, competition for admission is extremely keen.

NOTES:

1. Bachelor's degree - степень бакалавра; присуждается колледжем или университетом выпускнику, успешно сдавшему  выпускные экзамены, соответствует диплому об окончании высшего учебного заведения в РоссииBachelor of Arts - бакалавр искусств (по одной из гуманитарных или математических наук в университете)

3. Bachelor of Science-бакалавр наук

1. college of education - педагогический колледж (трехгодичный пединститут)
2. Doctor's degree - (ученая) степень доктора
3. Doctor of Philosophy - доктор философии; для получения этой степени требуется написание самостоятельной работы на основе трехлетних (или более) исследований, можно сравнить со степенью "кандидат наук" в России.
4. essay - письменная работа.
5. Honours degree - степень бакалавра с отличием; диплом с отличием.
6. lecturer - преподаватель высшей школы (ср.: teacher -преподаватель средней школы).

1. Master's degree - ученая степень магистра; присуждается университетом лицам, успешно завершившим по крайней мере год учебы и исследоват-ой работы после окончания университета.
2. Pass degree - степень бакалавра без отличия; диплом без отличия.
3. Polytechnic - политехнический институт
4. tutor - преподаватель, ведущий практические занятия и воспитательную работу с определенной группой студентов.
5. tutorial - практические занятия с руководителем

EXERCISES

I.  PRONOUNCE  CORRECTLY

agriculture        

associated        

Birmingham        

Cambridge        

commerce        

consequently        

divinity        

Edinburgh        

engineering                

extremely        

faculty        

illustrate        

knowledge

lecture

Liverpool

Manchester

medicine

Oxford

Particular

philosophy

private

series

somewhat

successful

university        

whole

II. FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PHRASES FIND ANOTHER ONE IN THE TEXT THAT EXPLAINS  IT

1. A person who is studying for the first degree and has therefore not yet graduated.
2. A person who has graduated and is continuing his studies at a more advanced level.
3. A lesson given to a very small class.
4. Class of students studying a problem and meeting for discussion with a teacher.
5. A speech to a group of students as a method of teaching at universities.
6. One of the periods of time into which the university year is divided.
7. A short piece of writing on a subject as part of a course of study.
8. A university teacher who guides the studies of a number of students, or a teacher gives private
   instruction to a single student or a very small class.
9. A person who teaches or gives lectures at a university or college.
   10 A title given by a university.

1. A subject to which one gives attention.
2. A person who holds the first university degree.
3. A person who holds the second university degree.
4. A person who holds the highest university degree.
5. A long piece of writing done for a higher (postgraduate) university degree.
6. The teachers of an educational establishment called collectively.

Ш. SUPPLY THE MISSING MEMBER OF THE PAIR IN EACH CASE BASED ON THE TEXT

1. to provide        a) fifteen hours per week
2. to consist of        b) one academic term
3. to differ from        c) into three terms
4. to account for        d) a lecture course
5. to follow        e) an emphasis
6. to take        f) higher education
7. to last        g) a degree
8. to present        h) to a Bachelor's degree
9. to put        i) the university teaching

1. to split        j) in the lecture
2. to proceed        k) a number of faculties
3. to confer        t) particular programme

IV.        CORRECT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH: "I AM AFRAID THAT IS WRONG". OR "THAT IS NOT TRUE TO THE FACT"

1. Higher education is provided at secondary schools.

2. University teaching in the United Kingdom is the same at undergraduate and
   postgraduate levels.A series of lecture courses may last two or three weeks.
3. Seminars and tutorials are given to large groups of students.
4. Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all two hours in length and laboratory works last an hour.
5. The academic year is divided into two terms.
6. Bachelors' degree are at three levels.
7. The Honour degree is given to all students.
8. The first post-graduate degree is that of Bachelor.

1. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given to all graduates of higher educational institutions.
2. Oxford and Cambridge Universities were established in the thirteenth century.

V.         ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What are the oldest and best known universities in the UK ?"
2. What faculties does a university consist of?
3. What does an undergraduate programme include ?
4. What types of classes are associated with each lecture course ?
5. What is the difference between a seminar and a tutorial ?
6. What is a tutor in charge of?
7. What do students do during the first two terms and the third one?
8. When is a student given a Bachelor's degree ?
9. What are the levels of Bachelor's degrees ? When are they given ?

1. What is the degree of Master conferred for ?
2. What is the degree of Doctor of Philosophy given for ?
3. What are Oxford and Cambridge universities famous for ?

VI. CHOOSE A TOPIC AND GIVE YOUR AGRUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST.

1. Good education is important to become successful.
2. Progress at education is relevant for success in future.
3. Only painstaking work bears fruit of success, talent has nothing to do with it.
4. Education is not all important for a skilled specialist.
5. Narrow specialization is a luxury to be dispensed with: future is for Jask of all trades.
6. Any knowledge and experience is useful.

VII. MEMORY  WORK

The more we learn, the more we know.

The more we know, the more we forget.

The more we forget, the less we know.

The less we know, the less we forget.

The less we forget, the more we know.

So why study?

TOPIC 4. THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION.

The vast territory of the Russian Federation lies in the eastern part of Europe and in the Northern part of Asia. It is one of the largest countries in the world. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres.Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are: the  Atlantic, the Arctic and the Pacific. The northern and eastern coasts of Russia are washed by the White Sea, the Barents sea and the Okhotsk sea.

There are various types of climate on the territory of Russia. It is very cold in the North even in summer. The central part of the country has mild climate. In the South the temperature is usually above zero all year round even in winter, the climate is very favourable.

The land of Russia varies a lot from heavy forests to barren deserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys. Russia is located on two plains: the Great Russian plain and the West Siberian plain. The Urals, the longest mountain chain, separates Europe from Asia.Russia is a land of long rivers and deep lakes. The broad Volga river system is of great historic, economic and cultural importance to Russia. Numerous canals join all the rivers in the European part of Russia, making it the largest inland water transportation route in Europe. The Volga river runs into the Caspian Sea, which is in reality, the largest lake in the world. The Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

Russia is rich in natural resources. It has deposits of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, gold, nickel, etc.

Russia borders on fourteen countries, including the former republics of the USSR, which are now independent states.

Russia has all modrn branches of industry. It is a foremost producer of cement, metal-cutting machines, timber, woollen cloth, sugar and butter. It takes one of the leading places in Europe in industrial output and electric energy production.

The population of Russia is about 150 million people. 83 per cent of the population are Russians. 70 per cent of the population live in cities.

Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. It was founded in 1147. It is a nice city. There are a lot of places of interest in Moscow. Youcan see a lot of museums, art galleries, theatres and monuments in our capital. There are also big beautiful cities in Russia, such as St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and others.The history of Russia dates back to the year 862. Now Russia is a Presidential Republic. The Russian Federative Republic is set up by the Constitution of 1993. The Federal Government consists of three  branches: the legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President.

The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation. The Lower Chamber is the State Duma. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. Legislature may be initiated in either of the two chambers. But to become a law a bill

must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill. The President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties, enforces laws, appoints ministers to be approved by the Federal Assembly.

The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime Minister. The first action by the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the Cabinet. The judicial branch is represenied by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and regional courts. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by the popular vote for a four-year period.

Today the state symbol of Russia is a three-coloured banner. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolises the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one symbolises liberty. The hymn of Russia is "The Patriotic Song" by M.Glinka. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It originates from the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitchies.Russia has always played an important role in the world. It is one of its leading Powers.

II.  SUBSTITUTE THE UNDERLINED PARTS OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES FOR THE WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS FROM THE TEXT.

1. The Russian Federation is situated in Europe and Asia.Its entire area is above 17 million square kilometres.
2. There are different types of climate in Russia.
3. The land of Russia differs a lot.
4. The Volga river is very significant to Russia.
5. Canals connect all the rivers.
6. The Volga river falls into the Caspian Sea.
7. Russia is next to fourteen countries.
8. Russia is a leading producer of cement, metal-cutting machines, timber and others.

1. Russia holds one of the principal places in Europe in industrial productivity.
2. Moscow was established in 1147.
3. The history of Russia originates from the year 862.

1. The federal government is composed of  three branches: law-making, making and carrying out decisions and laws: and lawcourts and the administration of justice.

4. The lawmaking power is placed in control  of the Federal Assembly.
5. The President may reject the proposed law draft.

2. The white stripe represents the earth, the blue one means the sky and the red one expresses the freedom.

6. The national emblem of Russia springs up from the heraldic emblem of Ruricovitchies.

III. CHOOSE THE ANTONYMS FROM THE RIGHT COLUMN TO THE PHRASES GIVEN IN THE LEFT ONE.

vast        1. illusion

mild        2.thin

favourable        3. to finish

heavy                4. shallow    

barren                5. to exclude

deep               6. narrow

broad                 7. modem  

numerous        8.  not  mаny

leading        9. to be poorreality        10. severe

to be rich        11. small

to include        12. unpromising

to head        13. to go behind

to initiate        14.  lush

ancient        15. secondary

IV.         SAY WHAT IS TRUE AND WHAT IS FALSE. CORRECT THE FALSE SENTENCES.

The territory of the Russian Federation is situated in the Western part of Europe and in the Eastern

1. part of Asia.Russia is not washed by seas or oceans.
2. The climate of Russia is various.
3. The land of Russia varies a little.
4. There are a lot of rivers and lakes in Russia.
5. Russia is poor in natural resources.
6. The population of Russia is not very high.
7. There are no places of interest in Moscow.
8. The present Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in 1991.

1. The Federal Assembly consists of three chambers.
2. The Prime Minister is commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
3. The first action of the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the government.
4. The state symbol of Russia has two horizontal stripes: white and red.

V.         ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What is the area of the Russian Federation?
2. What seas and oceans is Russia washed by?
3. What is the climate in the North, central part and South of die country?
4. What plains is Russia located on?

5. What can you say about the rivers and lakes in Russia?What natural resources is Russia rich in?
6. What are the borders of Russia?
7. What branches of industry has Russia?
8. What is the population of the country?

1. What is Moscow famous for?
2. What is the political system of the country?
3. What does the federal government consist of?
4. What is the Upper Chamber?
5. What is the Lower Chamber?        
6. What is the President responsible for?
7. What can you say about the executive power, the judicial branch and the Federal Assembly?
8. What does the state symbol of Russia symbolize?

VI. MAKE UP A PLAN  OF  THE  TEXT  AND REPRODUCE  IT ACCORTING  TO  THE  PLAN.

VII. CHOOSE A TOPIC AND GIVE YOUR ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST.

1. Big countries inevitably disintegrate.
2. Cultural and historical values are preserved only in small countries.
3. The most important factors of the nation’s wealth.
4. It is necessary for a people to know its history.

Alexei K. Tolstoy

***

Native land, fair land of mine!

Horses in freedom run,

The eagles shriek in the wide sky,

The wolf howls in the plain.

Hail to thee, motherland, all hail!

Hail to thy shaggy woods,

The whistling of thy nightingales,

The wind, the steppe, the clouds!

translated by A. Pyman

VIII. MEMORY WORK.

M. Lermontov

MY  NATIVE  LAND

I love my native land, but mine’s a strange love, truly,

And baffles reason. Neither glory bought

With blood, nor, I record it duly,

A calm to proud faith  wed, nor exploits brought

To life in tales and myths and out the dim past taken

Within my heart a glad response awaken.

And yet I love, not knowing why they please,

Her rolling steppes, at once so chill and soundless,

Her wind-swept, rustling groves and forests boundless,

Her streams, by vernal floods made nigh as broad as seas…

translated by I. Zheleznova

S. Esenin

***

Drowsy feather-grass. Beloved lowlands,

Wormwood fresh and of a leaden hue.

There’s no other country that so wholly

Calms my soul and warms me through and through.

This would seem our common dispensation

And at one conclusion we arrive:

That rejoicing, rage and tribulation

Make it good in Russ to be alive!

Magical, far-reaching is the moonlight.

Poplars whisper, willows sadly weep.

Land we love forever, thus communing.

And when life today is boldly throwing

On my fate a light unknown before,

I still feel that I remain the poet

Of the timber cottages of  yore.

translated by P. Tempest

TOPIC5. MOSCOW.  THE CAPITAL OF  THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION.

Moscow is the capital of Russia. It was first mentioned in the records dated back to the year 1147 and was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky.Nowadays Moscow is the largest city of Russia. It is also one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It is a political, administrative, economic, educational and cultural centre of the country.

The population of the city is about nine million people. The total area of Moscow is about nine hundred square kilometres. We say that Moscow is a port of' five seas, the Moscow-Volga Canal links Moscow with the Baltic, White, Caspian and Black seas and the Sea of Azov.

Moscow is an industrial centre. There are a lot of factories and plants in it. One of the best known plants is Likhachev Automobile Plant, which produces a lot of lorries. Engineering, electric, light and chemical industries are highly developed in Moscow.

Moscow is a scientific centre too. It is the seat of the Russian Academy of Sciences and academies of special branches of science. It has hundreds of higher educational institutions and many research institutes where scientific work in various branches of industry is conducted. At the Moscow University, which is one of the centres of Russian science, thousands of young people from Russia and other countries get their education. There are a lot of secondary and technical schools in Moscow.        

There are a lot of places of interest in Moscow. The city is famous for its historical monuments, museums, art galleries and theatres. The Historical museum, the Pushkin  Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov State Picture Gallery are world famous. The ancient Kremlin which stands on the hill overlooking the Moskva River is one of the greatest monuments of Russian history -and architecture. Its red brick towers, cathedrals and palaces are a magnificent sight. In front of the Kremlin wall lies the vast space of Red Square which was the witness of many major events in Russian history. Moscow is proud of the Bolshoi, Maly and Art  theatres which are the leading centres of the Russian stage. Moscow theatres are also very popular in other countries.The city transport system is modernized. The Moscow metre began its work on the 15 th of May, 1935. There were 13 stations at that time. Now it has  more than 150  stations. Our metro is a beautiful and convenient one. Buses, trolley-buses, trams, cars and taxis carry thousands of passengers a day. There are nine railway stations in Moscow and some-airports around the city.

There are a lot of stadiums in Moscow. The Central Stadium is in Luzhniki; A lot of competitions  and football matches are held there. The Olympic village was built for the 22nd  Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980. It is a big complex for sport games.The people of Russia are proud of the capital.  It has become one of the world's biggest international centres, where different festivals, scientific congresses, international exhibitions and world sport events take place every year.

ACTIVE  VOCABULARY  TO  REMEMBER

EXERCISES

I. PRONOUNCE CORRECTLY

Architecture

Baltic

cultural

engineering

major

 modernize

 nowadays

record

research

science

scientific

stadium

technical

university

II.  EXPRESS  IN  ONE  WORD  THE  MEANING  OF  EACH  OF  THE FOLLOWING  PHRASES  ALL  THE  WORDS  REQUIRED  ARE  IN  THE TEXT.  YOU  ARE  GIVEN  THE  FIRST  LETTER  OF  EACH  WORD  AND THE  NUMBER  OF  LETTERS  IN  IT

1. a town where the centre of the government is         - (c        )
2. a written statement of facts, events, etc.               - (r        )
3. at the present time         - (n        ------)
4. the (number of) people living in an area, country, etc.  - (p        )
5. a factory                - (p----------)
6. a large motor vehicle for carrying heavy goods        - (1----------)
7. a place where something is carried on           - (s---------)
8. a subject of knowledge        - (b--------)
9. an advanced and detailed study of a subject, so as to learn new facts      - (r        )

1. different                - (v-------)
2. in or of times long ago        - (a        )
3. a tall building standing alone or forming part of a castle, church, etc               -(t-------)
4. a chief church in a diocese (епархия)                -(с        )
5. suited to one's needs                -(c        )
6. a person who is present when something happens        -(w        )
7. something worth seeing

III. PUT IN THE WORDS OMITTED IN THE FOLLOWING;  THE SENTENCES ARE ALL IN THE PIECE YOU HAVE JUST READ

1.        Moscow was first        in the records        .________to the year 1147 and        by Yuri

Dolgoruky.

1. The total______ of Moscow is about nine hundred square kilometres.

2. The Moscow-Volga Canal ______ Moscow  with five seas.Engineering, electric, light and chemical industries are highly in Moscow.
3. Likhachev  Automobile Plant        ______ a lot of lorries.
4. Moscow has a lot of research institutes where scientific work is _______.
5. There are a lot of _________ in Moscow.
6. Moscow is ________ for historical monuments, museums, art galleries and theatres.
7. The Kremlin stands on the hill __________ the Moskva River.

1. In front of the Kremlin, wall        the vast space of Red Square.
2. Moscow is of the Bolshoi, Maly and Art theatres.  
3. Buses, trolley-buses, trams, cars and taxis         thousands of passengers a day.
4. A lot of competitions and football matches are  __________ at the Central Stadium.
5. Different festivals, scientific congresses, international exhibitions and world sport events ______
   in Moscow every year.
6. Red Square was the witness of a lot of major ________ in Russian history.

1. IV. FINISH UP THE SENTENCES OF THE TEXTMoscow was first mentioned in....
2. Moscow is a political....
3. The total area of Moscow is....
4. One of the most known plants in Moscow is....
5. Moscow has hundreds of....
6. The ancient Kremlin is ....
7. Our metro is....
8. A lot of competitions and football matches are....
9. Moscow has become ....

10.        The people of Russia arc proud....

V. WHAT WOULD YOU SAY IF YOU TOOK PART IN THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE ? ACT  IT  OUT

A: What is the capital of the Russian Federation ?   В.        

A.: What kind of city is Moscow nowadays ?   B.        A. What is the population of Moscow?   В        

A. Why do we say that Moscow is a port of five seas ?   В        

A. What industries are highly developed in Moscow ?   В        

A. What can you say about Moscow as a scientific centre ?   В        

A. What places of interest is Moscow famous for?   В        

A. What can you say about Moscow theatres ?   В        

A. What is Red Square famous for?   В        

A. What can you say about the Moscow transport system?   В        

A. When and for what was the Olympic village built?   В        

A. Why is Moscow considered to be one of the world's biggest international centres?   В.        

VI. REPRODUCE  THE TOPIC “MOSCOW, THE CAPITAL OF THE RUSSIAN  FEDERATION” IN ENGLISH ACCORDING TO THE PLANT MADE UP.  TRANSFER:

Write a paragraph  about

1. the way of life that most appeals to you
2. you idea of ideal city planning
3. you plan for reconstructing the premises you live in

VII. CHOOSE  A  TOPIC  AND  GIVE  YOUR  AND  GIVE  YOUR  ARGUMENTS FOR  AND  AGAINST.

1. City centres should be only for pedestrians and bicyclists.
2. Living in a big city is a constant risk.
3. Big cities are the main source of pollution on our planet.
4. Big cities’ authorities should improve public transport.

VIII. MEMORY  WORK.

Proverbs

East or West, home is best.

There is no place like home.

So many countries, so many customs.

When at Rome, do as the Romans do.

Rome was not built in a day.

To carry coals to Newcastle.

Moscow  Suburb  Nights

Words by M. Matusovsky

Not a rustling leaf, not a bird in flight

In the sleepy grove until dawn.

How I love these nights, Moscow suburb nights,

The caress of the waking sun.

The calm rilling streams to ebb and flow

Like a silver web of moonlight,

In my heart I hear singing come and go

On this wonderful summer night.

Why this downcast look? Does the rising day

Bring us near the hour when we part?

It’s as hard to keep as to give away

All that presses upon my heart.

Dawn is nigh, and pale grow the amber lights.

Let me hope, my dear, that you too

Will remember these Moscow suburb night

And our love that has been so true.

CONTENTS