Методическое пособие по английскому языку для старшего звена «New Zealand»
презентация урока для интерактивной доски по английскому языку (9 класс) на тему

Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Начальная общеобразовательная школа №4»

Кемеровской области, г.Мариинска

Методическое пособие по английскому языку

для старшего звена

«New Zealand»

Выполнила: Миронова Виктория Николаевна,

учитель английского языка МБОУ «НОШ №4»

г.Мариинск

                2013 год

New Zealand

The area: 268.7 thousand sq. km

Population: 4.3 million persons

Capital: Wellington

Language: English and Maori

Currency: the New Zealand dollar

     New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island) and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as land of the long white cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau; the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing but in free association); and the Ross Dependency, New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica.

     New Zealand is geographically isolated, situated about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea. Its closest neighbours to the north are the Pacific islands of New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. The country's sharp mountain peaks owe much to the earthquakes and volcanic activity caused by the clashing Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates. The climate is mild and temperate and most of the land was originally covered in forests of podocarp, kauri or southern beech. During its long isolation New Zealand developed adistinctive fauna dominated by birds, a number of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals.

     New Zealand, an independent state and a member of the Commonwealth, is situated south-east from Australia. The country consists of three large islands and also many small islands. New Zealand is a mountainous country. New Zealand's rivers are short. The climate in New Zealand is warm and the greater part of the country is well watered. There are good forests of evergreen trees and large areas are rich grasslands. New Zealand has very few native animals. The kiwi, a bird which lives in the forest and does not fly, is found nowhere else in the world. The kiwi is the national emblem of New Zealand.

     The main cities in North Island are Auckland, the largest city and port, and Wellington, the capital. Christchurch and Dunedin are the most important towns in South Island. New Zealand is sometimes called “The Britain of the Pacific”, because the cities and towns of the country resemble very much those of England. New Zealand's climate with rainfalls all the year round, is very favourable for dairying, sheep-farming and cattle-farming, as well as growing fruit, vegetables and flowers.

     The population of New Zealand is over three million people, more than two thirds of whom live in North Is-land. The Maori people make up eight per cent of the total population. The Maoris are famous for their folk-songs, music and dances, they are very skilled in wood-work.

     New Zealand is a self-governing state and a member of the Commonwealth. The Governor-General represents the King or Queen of England. The Parliament of the country consists of one house only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister heads the cabinet. The main political parties are the Labour Party and the National Party of New Zealand.

Holidays in New Zealand

       In New Zealand there are two types of national public holidays, those that are 'Mondayised' and those that are not.

      Christmas and New Year are ‘Mondayised’ holidays, so if these fall on a weekend that employee does not normally work then the holiday is transferred to the following Monday or Tuesday. If the employee would normally work on the particular weekend then it remains a traditional holiday and the employee is entitled to that day off on pay. If they normally work on both days, they are only entitled to the traditional holiday and the Mondayised holiday is treated as a normal work day. Other public holidays are only taken on the day they fall and only employees who would have otherwise worked that day are entitled to a paid day off.

     All workers who work on a public holiday must be both paid time-and-a-half and given an alternative holiday (known as a day in lieu). Payment for the alternative holiday is equivalent relevant daily pay for the particular alternative day taken, had they have worked it.

While shops may trade on most public holidays, there are special trading restrictions on Christmas Day, Good Friday and before 1pm on ANZAC Day. In recent years there have been deliberate violations of these trading restrictions on Good Friday by garden centres. (Previously, garden centres were exempt from these restrictions.)

In tourist towns, such as Queenstown in the South Island, some exemptions are granted by the district council for selected shops to open on Good Friday. The reason being is to keep up the level of service to the tourists, as many would not know the shops will be closed on that day. However, liquor sale is restricted for some of that day (not usually a problem because shops are usually closed on that day).

Statutory holidays

       Statutory holidays are legislated by several Acts of Parliament, particularly the Holidays Act 2003.

       Waitangi Day and ANZAC Day are always commemorated on the exact date, as they commemorate specific historical events. Apart from Good Friday the other New Zealand Statutory Holidays have been Mondayised. For example: If 1 January or 25 December is a Saturday or Sunday, then the following Monday is the statutory holiday for New Year's Day or Christmas Day. If 2 January or 26 December is a Saturday, then the Day after New Year's Day or Boxing Day is celebrated on the next Monday. If either of these days occurs on a Sunday, then the holiday occurs on the following Tuesday, as the Monday will have been used for New Year or Christmas.

This situation has been complicated by the most recent incarnation of the Holidays Act. The holiday is Mondayised only if the employee would not usually work on weekends. For example an office worker who works only Monday to Friday would get to the Statutory holidays on the Monday (or Tuesday for days that fell on Sundays). But an employee who usually worked Saturdays would not get the Monday holiday as they did not work on the Saturda

Provincial anniversary days

Additionally, the Holidays Act 1981 specifies each locality observing a Provincial Anniversary Day to celebrate the founding days or landing days of the first colonists of the various colonial provinces, however the exact dates are not legislated for. The regions covered are set by provincial district (as they stood when abolished in 1876), plus Southland, the Chatham Islands, South Canterbury and Northland. The actual observance days can vary even within each province and is due to local custom, convenience or the proximity of seasonal events or other holidays and may differ from the official observance day.

Annual leave and non-working days

In addition to the above holidays all New Zealand workers must be given four weeks annual leave, often taken in the summer Christmas – New Year period. (As New Zealand is in the southern hemisphere, the summer months are from December to February, and the best summer weather often occurs during January and February.) In many industries this coincides with a Christmas – New Year shutdown for maintenance. With only three working days between Christmas and New Year, many workers take this time off, as they can have a ten-day summer break for only three days' leave. Many retail outlets also hold sales at this time to stimulate business while others close down due to low demand for services. The days from 25 December to 15 January are not considered to be working days for official government purposes. The public counters of most government departments do open on weekdays during this period, though often only a limited service may be available.

From 1 April 2007, the minimum annual leave is four weeks.

School holidays

New Zealand schools have a 4-term year, of about ten weeks each and usually with a two week holiday between terms. Although standard term dates are set by the Ministry of Education each year, schools can vary these to account for local holidays and school closures due to weather. The first term commences in late January or early February. Occasionally, Easter holidays and/or ANZAC day may fall within these holidays. The holiday between terms two and three is generally known as the midwinter break and occurs in July, while that between terms 3 and 4 occurs in late September, early October. Term 4 ends in mid December, generally a week or two before Christmas, though for many senior students this term ends after their final NCEA examination in late November or early December.

Proposals for new holidays

From time to time, there have been proposals to make Matariki an official holiday in New Zealand. In 2006, Māori Language Commissioner Haami Piripi made such a proposal. Also, following the death of Sir Edmund Hillary, the Green Party proposed a public holiday in his honour .

Proposals for abolition of holidays

Some holidays are seen as celebrating events or ideals which are seen by a minority of people as no longer relevan, and suggestions  have been made that they be abolished.

From the 1950s to the 1970s it was frequently suggested that the Provincial Anniversary holidays be abolished, as the provinces had not existed for many decades. Before Waitangi Day was made a national public holiday it was sometimes suggested that a Waitangi Day holiday should replace the anniversary days, and the Waitangi Day Act 1960 made provision for this. Waitangi Day was eventually made an additional holiday and the provincial holidays lived on, primarily because most regions had long established events on those weekends.

A small minority of people advocate the abolition of the Waitangi Day holiday, but it is regularly suggested that a less controversial day, such as Anzac Day (25 April) or Dominion Day (26 September), be made New Zealand's national day.

Why Holiday In New Zealand?

The simplest answer is why not? New Zealand has so much to offer its visitors it is no wonder that 2.5 million people a year choose the world’s most southern country as a superb holiday destination.

New Zealand is known for its spectacular scenery, stunning beaches, unspoiled forests is and magnificent mountains. It is perceived worldwide as both a “green” and exotic destination that offers visitors an incredible array of things to see and do.

This country boasts thousands of kilometres of unspoiled coastline as well as must see destinations like Tongariro Alpine Crossing and Milford Sound. One of kind “must do” attractions such as whale

watching visiting the original home of bungee jumping.

The country is home to a wealth of huge and varied national parks as well as a multitude of visitor friendly natural attractions such as Waitomo Caves or beautiful and traditional cities such as Queenstown.

A Daily Telegraph poll found that British tourists considered New Zealand as the best holiday destination in the world. In fact British tourism figures have jumped by over 60% since the word has spread about the welcome offered by the highly organised New Zealand tourism industry.

The government and people of the country are extremely aware of the environmental effects of tourism and do more than possibly any other country in the world to minimise its effects while still allowing visitors to enjoy all that this exciting and exotic location as to offer.

                          Kiwian and traditions of  New Zealand

New Zealand — the young country sated with multistructure cultural traditions of natives of many corners of a planet. Nevertheless, all new Zealanders irrespective of race and religion, historical roots and education willingly name themselves kiwi, and set of many specific national and cultural details is known for a long time as kiwiana. The Basic element kiwian, in our opinion, is style of life of new Zealanders which forms an openness and goodwill of inhabitants of the country. And here material elements kiwian we try to result to you more low. Certainly, it is possible to expand the list, but we will stop only on its basic elements.

 A kiwi    

To begin with we will explain that the kiwi is a small birdie, not able to fly, living only in New Zealand and being a national symbol of the country. Popularity of this symbol was so high that, for a long time already, the friendly reference to the new Zealander became kiwi. Behind concept of a kiwi of the relation of new Zealanders always costs: a kiwi-sociability, a kiwi-friend, a kiwi - make itself and many other details «kiwian», just and creating feeling «We are kiwis!»

Fruit

 of the Kiwi fruit (kiwifruit unlike kiwi birds) it is possible to consider a kiwi as national fruit of New Zealand. Nevertheless, not all know that its native land — China, and in New Zealand of a kiwi fruit has appeared last century under the name «the Chinese gooseberry». Has begun its industrial export to the USA it was necessary for a while, when a mention of all Chinese as couldn't be popular in the market. In this connection, the new name associated with New Zealand has been found. In spite of the fact that now a kiwi fruit is grown up in many countries, its export from New Zealand remains essential and the reputation of its quality is invariably high. Today New Zealand the kiwi can be bought fruit practically in any country of the world under the trading name ’ Zespri ’.

 Buzzy Bees

’ Buzzy Bee ’ — brightly red-yellow toy publishing characteristic noise at movement. How much children of a kiwi have grown with it it is impossible to tell, but also today it is a toy among favourite and popular and for ever remains a component kiwian.

A pie of «Pavlova»

In spite of the fact that fights concerning authorship of the recipe of a pie of «Pavlova» between a kiwi and ozi (new Zealanders and Australians) don't calm down, remains invariable the love of a kiwi to this pie and its lightness is present on any festive table. The pie has received the name in honor of the well-known Russian ballerina Anna Pavlovoj in 1926 giving to tour in New Zealand. Here so the Russian name familiar to us has entered in kiwin.

 Rugby football        

Ask a kiwi, what sport it loves, and the answer can not doubt. Certainly, Rugby football! From boys of five years' age to sedate fathers of family — all play and love this rigid sport. All kiwis in any corner of the country gather in front of the TV during translation of a large match. The victory of New Zealand national team All Вlacks (by the way, by right on an extent of decades considered as one of the best commands in the world) turns to triumph of national pride of the country.  Speaking about sports, it is necessary to tell and about its role in kiwin. The country loves sports, the country loves a healthy way of life! It is difficult to find a family in which at least one person didn't go in for sports! And not for nothing, in recalculation on population unit, New Zealand has more than the Olympic awards, than any other country.

 The peahen of a cockleshell the Peahen (Paua) a cockleshell is used for a long time Maori for a carving. Bright and colourful ornaments from it and are used today by jewelers, engravers and is simple fans of hand-made articles. In any New Zealand gift shop always there will be a product from it.

 The Cookbook «Edmonds»

Each family of a kiwi has Edmonds Cookbook — the statement which is not demanding the proof! For the first time published in 1907, this cookbook became the most published book in New Zealand with the general circulation of an order of 3,5 million!

L and P — national drink

L and P — was and more long remains a national drink of a kiwi. The drink compounding has been thought up in 1904 in small town Paeroa and represented a characteristic mix of a lemon and local mineral waters. Despite almost centenary history, a drink remains it is invariably popular among a kiwi and even it is exported abroad.

             Historic figures and the well-known people of New Zealand

 Katherine Mansfield (1888-1923)

Outstanding figure in culture of New Zealand, the writer, brought the huge contribution to development not only New Zealand, but also the world literature.

 Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)

New Zealand scientist who is considered as the greatest physicist-experimenter of the twentieth century. It is the central figure in our knowledge in the field of a radio-activity, and also the person who has begun the nuclear physics. Besides the huge theoretical value of its opening have received a wide spectrum of application, including: the nuclear weapon, atomic power stations, radioactive calculations and radiation researches.

Ngaio Marsh (1898-1982)

the well-known writer and the director, one of the brightest representatives of a detective genre in the world literature.

Jean Batten (1909-1982)

Was the pioneer of aircraft and one of the first women-pilots. It of the first has made direct flight from Great Britain to New Zealand on October, 16th, 1936 Its single travel (14,224 miles) from England has occupied 11 days and 45 minutes and on an extent of the next 44 years was record.

 Edmund Hillary (1919)

New Zealand traveler and the researcher, the first the subdued Everest

Kiri Te Kanawa (1944)

Sopranos, a live legend of classical performing art not only New Zealand, but also the whole world. Its enchanting debut in 1971 in «Figaro»; has put her name abreast with the most known opera singers of our time.

 Sam Neill (1955-)

the well-known film actor and the director, to one of its most popular roles became participation in a film «Park urky the period» and its continuations.

Russell Crowe (1964-)

the popular actor who has become by an idol of film fans after reception of «Oscar»; for execution of a leading role in a film «Gladiator».

  Christmas in New Zealand

In New Zealand Christmas is combined with summer holidays, so as well as present-buying and parties, families are preparing for trips to the beach. Shops are decorated with Father Christmas in his red cloak and white beard, as well as snow scenes.

The New Zealand traditions of Christmas have mostly come through the English settlers who began arriving their in the late 18th Century. In the last 20 or 30 years the persona of Father Christmas had changed and he is referred to as Santa Claus and has become much more like the Santa of the United States and Ireland. As well people have been forced to change as a result of the Maori culture. The spirits and creatures of the Maori culture resemble the elves and gnomes of European Christmas traditions.

They celebrate the story of the birth of Jesus Christ with a special service, which is appropriate to New Zealanders way of life as they had no motels, and they have many shepherds who take care of their flocks, in doing so they can see the true meaning of Christmas. In New Zealand the traditional Christmas dinner is roast turkey with vegetables and sauces. For dessert it is rich, fruity Christmas pudding with brandy sauce. Mince pies, pastry cases filled with a mixture of chopped dried fruit.

                                                           Boxing Day 

Boxing Day is a bank or public holiday that occurs on 26 December, or the first or second weekday after Christmas Day, depending on national or regional laws. It is observed in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth nations. In Ireland, it is recognized as St Stephen's Day or the Day of the Wren (Irish: Lá an Dreoilín). In South Africa, Boxing Day was renamed Day of Goodwill in 1994.

Although the same legislation – the Bank Holidays Act 1871 – originally established the bank holidays throughout the UK, the day after Christmas was defined as Boxing Day in England, Scotland and Wales, and the feast day of St Stephen in Ireland. A 'substitute bank holiday in place of 26 December' is only possible in Northern Ireland, reflecting the legal difference in that St. Stephen's Day does not automatically shift to the Monday in the same way as Boxing Day.

Labour Day

In New Zealand, Labour Day is a public holiday held on the fourth Monday in October. Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly foundedWellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell's refusal to work more than eight hours a day. He encouraged other tradesmen also to work for only eight hours a day and in October 1840, a workers' meeting passed a resolution supporting the idea. On October 28, 1890, the 50th anniversary of the eight-hour day was commemorated with a parade. The event was then celebrated annually in late October as either Labour Day or Eight-Hour Demonstration Day. In 1899 government legislated that the day be a public holiday from 1900. The day was celebrated on different days in different provinces. This led to ship owners complaining that seamen were taking excessive holidays by having one Labour Day in one port then another in their next port. In 1910 the government stipulated that the holiday would be observed on the same day throughout the nation.

                                                              Easter Monday

Easter Monday is the day after Easter Sunday and is celebrated as aholiday in some largely Christian cultures, especially Roman Catholic andEastern Orthodox cultures. Easter Monday in the Roman Catholicliturgical calendar is the second day of the octave of Easter Week. Formerly, the post-Easter festivities involved a week of secularcelebration, but this was reduced to one day in the 19th century. Events include egg rolling competitions and, in predominantly Roman Catholiccountries, dousing other people with water which traditionally had been blessed with holy water the day before at Easter Sunday Mass and carried home to bless the house and food. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churcheswhich follow the Byzantine Rite, Easter Monday is known as Bright Monday or Renewal Monday, and is the second day of Bright Week. The services are exactly the same as on Pascha (Easter Sunday), except that the hymns from the Octoechos are in Tone Two. It is customary to have a Crucession (procession headed by a cross) either after Paschal Matins or after the Paschal Divine Liturgy. It is customarily a day for visiting family and friends. Easter Monday is also the day when the feast day of St. George is celebrated, in years when St George's Day (April 23) falls during Holy Week or on Easter Sunday.

Waitangi Day

Waitangi Day commemorates a significant day in the history of New Zealand. It is a public holiday held each year on 6 February to celebrate the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand's founding document, on that date in 1840. Waitangi Day was proposed as a public holiday by the New Zealand Labour Party in their 1957 party manifesto. After Labour won the election they were reluctant to create a new public holiday, so the Waitangi Day Act was passed in 1960 making it possible for a locality to substitute Waitangi Day as an alternative to an existing public holiday. In 1963, after a change in government, Waitangi Day was substituted for Auckland Anniversary Day as the provincial holiday in Northland.

Anzac Day

Anzac Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand, and is commemorated by both countries on 25 April every year to honour members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I. It now more broadly commemorates all those who died and served in military operations for their countries. Anzac Day is also observed in the Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa and Tonga.

Anzac Day marks the anniversary of the first major military action fought by Australian and New Zealand forces during the First World War.The acronym ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, whose soldiers were known as Anzacs. Anzac Day remains one of the most important national occasions of both Australia and New Zealand. This is a rare instance of two sovereign countries not only sharing the same remembrance day, but making reference to both countries in its name.

Foundations of Anzac Day

On 30 April 1915, when the first news of the landing reached New Zealand, a half-day holiday was declared and impromptu services were held. The following year a public holiday was gazetted (i.e., officially declared) on 5 April and services to commemorate were organised by the returned servicemen.

The date, 25 April, was officially named Anzac Day in 1916; in that year it was marked by a wide variety of ceremonies and services in Australia and New Zealand, a march through London, and a sports day for the Australian and New Zealand soldiers in Egypt. The small New Zealand community of Tinui, near Masterton in the Wairarapa was apparently the first place in New Zealand to have an Anzac Day service, when the then vicar led an expedition to place a large wooden cross on the Tinui Taipos (a 1,200 ft (370 m) high large hill/mountain, behind the village) in April 1916 to commemorate the dead. A service was held on 25 April of that year. In 2006 the 90th anniversary of the event was commemorated with a full 21-gun salute fired at the service by soldiers from the Waiouru Army Camp. In London, over 2,000 Australian and New Zealand troops marched through the streets of the city. A London newspaper headline dubbed them "The Knights of Gallipoli". Marches were held all over Australia in 1916; wounded soldiers from Gallipoli attended the Sydney march in convoys of cars, accompanied by nurses. Over 2,000 people attended the service in Rotorua. For the remaining years of the war, Anzac Day was used as an occasion for patriotic rallies and recruiting campaigns, and parades of serving members of the AIF were held in most cities. From 1916 onwards, in both Australia and New Zealand, Anzac memorials were held on or about 25 April, mainly organised by returned servicemen and school children in cooperation with local authorities.

References

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ
2.  "New Zealand Defence Force Overseas Operations". New Zealand Defence Force. January 2008. Archived from the original on January 25, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080125104529/http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/operations/default.htm. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
3. "New Zealand and the Battle of River Plate".  New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Latin-America/News/0-river-plate.php. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
4. "New Zealand Legislation: Royal Titles Act 1974". New Zealand Government. February 1974. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1974/0001/latest/DLM411814.html. Retrieved 8 January 2011
5. Wilson, John (November 2010). "Government and nation - System of government". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/government-and-nation/4. Retrieved 9 January 2011
6. http://clck.yandex.ru/redir/AiuY0DBWFJ4ePaEse6rgeAjgs2
7. "National Population Estimates: December 2010 quarter". Statistics New Zealand. 2010-02-14. http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/estimates_and_projections/NationalPopulationEstimates_HOTPDec10qtr/Commentary.aspx.  Retrieved 2011-02-19
8. http://clck.yandex.ru/redir/AiuY0DBWFJ4ePaE
9. http://clck.yandex.ru/redir/AiuY0DBWFJ4ePaEse6rgeAjgs2pI3DW99KUdgowt9XvfZ
10. http://www.google.ru/search?ie=UTF-8&hl=ru&q=new%20zealand
11. http://clck.yandex.ru/redir/AiuY0DBWFJ4ePa
12. http://archive.travel.ru/new_zealand/entertainment/
13. http://clck.yandex.ru/redir/AiuY0DBWF
14. http://clck.yandex.ru/redir/AiuY0DBWFJ4ePaEse6
15. http://archive.travel.ru/new_zealand/entertainment/fest/
16. http://www.country.alltravels.com.ua/ru/new-zealand/info/holidays_zealand_map/
17. http://new-zealand.travel-for-all-countries.ru/holidays/
18. http://www.tursinfo.ru/info/foto1231.htm
19. http://new-zealand.travel-for-all-countries.ru/sport-and-footbal//
20.  http://www.australe.ru/Novaya-Zelandiya/Spravka/Sport-v-Novoj-Zelandii
21.  http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Категория:Спорт_в_Новой_Зеландии
22.  http://www.toptravel.ru/new_zealand_sport.htm