Англия в 18-19 веке. страноведение и лигвострановедение Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
презентация к уроку (9 класс) на тему

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Industrial Revolution By the early 18 th century simple machines had already been invented. By the middle of the 18 th industry began to use coal changing iron ore into good quality iron or steel. In 1764 a spinning machine was invented. In 1769 weaving machine was invented by James Hargreaves. In 1769 a steam engine was invented by James Watt.

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Revolution in France The French revolution in 1789 alarmed all European countries. The ruling classes in Britain were frightened by the danger of the working class “awakening”. Several radicals sympathized with the cause of French revolutionaries and called for reforms in Britain. The British government was so afraid that revolution would spread to Britain that it imprisoned radical leaders.

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The War with Napoleon In 1793 , after Napoleon’s army invaded Belgium and Holland, Britain went to war. Britain decided to fight France at sea because of it had a stronger navy. The commander of British fleet, Admiral Horatio Nelson , won brilliant victories over the French navy, near the coast of Egypt , at Copenhagen and near Spain, at Trafalgar in 1805. Nelson was killed at Trafalgar, but became one of the Britain’s greatest national heroes.

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The Trafalgar battle 21th of October 1805

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In 1805 a British army landed in Portugal to fight the French. This army was commanded by Arthur Wellington . Wellington quickly proved to be a great commander. Wellington with the help of the Prussian army defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in Belgium in June 1815

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The Battle of Waterloo 18 th June 1815

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Britain in the first half of the 19 th century

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International Policy After the defeat of Napoleon Britain enjoyed a strong place in Europe. ( it strength was in industry and trade) Britain’s trading position in the world was stronger any other country’s. In Europe Britain didn’t want any nation to become too strong. Therefore it was glad that Russian’s influence in Europe was limited by Prussia and the empires of Austria and Turkey. So Britain supported Turkey against Russian expansion

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The Situation at Home The contradictions between the rich and the poor were growing and becoming dangerous. During the was factories gave the jobs for many workers. After war No longer such need for factory-made goods and may workers lost their jobs. Many poor people moved to the towns. In the first 30 years of the 19 th such cities as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Glasgow doubled in size. In 1820 London had a population of 1,25 million.

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Workers’ Revolts Since 1824 workers began joining together in unions to struggle against the employers for their rights. In 1838 the workers’ unions worked out a document – People’s Charter (Народная Хартия). The House of Commons refused to meet the demands. As a result there was wave of riots. In 1839 14 men were killed in a riot in Newport, Wales. Many others were sent to Britain’s colonies as prisoners.