Методическая разработка: England, Scotland, Wales
методическая разработка по английскому языку (11 класс)

England: diverse society, football and food

Where is it?
England is perhaps the country most people first think of when they think of the United Kingdom. It borders both Scotland and Wales, and about 55 million people live there, which is over 80% of the UK's total population.

Major cities include London (the capital), Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, Newcastle, and Manchester. London is one of the most well-known cities in the world and for many is representative of the whole of England, if not the whole of the UK. Other recognisable symbols include football, actors such as Jude Law and Kate Winslet, Bridget Jones and pubs. But for most these represent the whole of the UK, not just England.

The people of England, like their language, are a mixed bunch who have regularly been infused with new blood — from the Romans nearly 2000 years ago taking control of the ancient British in the region, to the later influences of Angles, Saxons and others from Europe after which created the original idea of the English, to the Vikings and then the Normans about a thousand years ago. Since then, there have been people from former British colonies in the Caribbean in the 1950's and 60's , Indians, workers from EU member states such as Poland, not to mention people from other UK nations and the Republic of Ireland. The full list is very long, but England has long been used to outsiders making it their home — even before England existed!

Indistinct identity?
Many of the people in our survey, either English by birth or now living here, commented that it was very difficult to distinguish between English and British culture and identity. People found that they often identify more with other things than with England as a country. These other things include : the place or region in which they live, whether it be a major city or one of the English counties such as Yorkshire, Devon or Northumberland; the UK as a whole; a religious or ethnic community they are from.

Welcome to Scotland

Scotland is a country in Great Britain, to the north of England. Scotland has nearly 800 islands, but people only live on some of them.

Scotland is a very beautiful country with many mountains, forests, beaches, rivers and lochs or lakes. In the north of Scotland, it is light until 11.30 p.m. in summer, and in winter you can sometimes see the Northern Lights, which are spectacular lights in the sky. Energy from the sun turns the Earth's sky green, red and other colours.

Scotland has its own parliament which makes laws for Scottish people. The Scottish parliament is in the capital city, Edinburgh. About five million people live in Scotland, which is 8.5% of the UK population. Most people live in the south of the country, in and around the cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth and Dundee.

Language

There are three languages in Scotland. Most people speak English and Scots, and a minority (around 1% of the Scottish population) speak Scottish Gaelic /ˈɡeɪlɪk/, an old Celtic language which is very different from English. For example, the Gaelic word for Scotland is "Alba", "What is your name?" is "Dè an t-ainm a tha ort? ", and "Goodbye" is "Slàn leat". Scots is spoken by young and old people in cities and rural areas, and sometimes people mix Scots and English. Some words in Scots are the same as in English and some are different. Look at these sentences. Can you see the difference?

Scotland is ane o the fower kintras that maks the Unitit Kinrick. (Scots)

Scotland is one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom. (English)

Food

When people think of Scottish food, they often think of haggis, a type of sausage made from parts of a sheep. However, Scotland is also known for its variety of seafood such as lobster and oysters, fish such as salmon and trout, and beef.

Symbols

Blue is a colour often associated with Scotland. The Scottish flag is blue with a white X-shaped cross called the Saint Andrew's cross. St Andrew is the Patron Saint of Scotland and his day is celebrated on November 30th. Everywhere you go in Scotland, you will see tartan, kilts and bagpipes. Also, look out for the national animal, the unicorn, and the thistle, the purple flower of Scotland.

Living in Wales
Wales is a land of rugby, singing and beautiful scenery situated on the western side of the UK. Its population is just over 3 million, which is about 5% of the total UK population. The main cities are Cardiff, the capital city, Swansea and Newport.

Wales was ruled directly from London until 1999, when the first elections to the Welsh National Assembly were held . The Assembly has some powers specific to people in Wales and can make decisions in areas such as education and health.

Wales remains part of the UK and Members of Parliament (MPs) from Welsh constituencies continue to have seats in the UK parliament at Westminster. Laws passed by the parliament in Westminster still apply to Wales.

Language
The Welsh language is probably the most important thing that distinguishes Wales from the rest of the UK. Welsh (or Cymraeg) is one of Europe's oldest languages and is spoken by one in five Welsh people. This number doubles among children and teenagers, which shows that the language is very much alive among the youth.

Road signs and other signs are in both English and Welsh. The language is at its strongest along the Llyn Peninsula in North West Wales, where 75% of the population speak Welsh.

Towns, villages and cities in Wales often have both a Welsh and an English name, and Wales is home to one of the longest place names in the world - Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch which means St Mary's (Church) by the white aspen over the whirlpool, and St Tysilio's (Church) by the red cave!

Sport and culture
Wales is also known for its "Eisteddfodau", which are festivals celebrating the Welsh language, art, culture and heritage, and which include an eclectic mix of music, dance, drama, debate and cultural competitions.

Most people know of the annual National Eisteddfod, which is held alternately in North and South Wales, and the International Eisteddfod which is held in Llangollen, but there are Eisteddfodau of varying sizes held in towns and villages throughout the land.

The national sport is very much rugby, and the national team is sometimes known as the Dragons, as a red dragon appears on the national flag of Wales. The home ground is the Millennium Stadium at Cardiff Arms Park in Cardiff.

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legislative

having the power to create laws

subsequent

following in time or order judiciary a system of courts of law for the administration of justice

to modify

to change in form or character arbitrary based on or subject to individual judgment or preference

judgements a judicial decision

to enact

to make into law principles, rules or standard

bound

being under an obligation doctrine a rule or principle of law, especially when established by precedent