Темы для подготовки к ЕГЭ
тренажёр по английскому языку (11 класс)

Темы(лексика,выражения)для написания электронного письма

Ниже предлагаем 20 тем, которые соответствуют спецификации с сайта ФИПИ. Особенно обратите внимание на выделенные темы, которые входят в содержание предметной речи. Задания к данным темам вы найдете в презентации «Личное письмо».

1. Teenage Jobs
2. Fashion
3. Hobbies. Music
4. Pets
5. Clothes
6. Parties
7. Keeping Fit
8. Family Relations
9. Learning English
10. Health
11. Teenage Problems with parents
12. Birthday Party
13. Household Chores
14. Teenage Problems with friends
15. Exams
16. Teenage Problems with friends
17. Teenage Problems
18. Household Chores
19. Future Profession
20. Teenage Problems with parents

1. Environmental protection
2. Films
3. Future Jobs
4. Moscow 
5. Books (2 варианта)
6. Exams
7. Friends
8. Music
9. Clothes. Fashion
10. Modern technologies. Computers
11. Sports
12. Hobbies. Free time
13. Travelling. Language Schools

1. Личное письмо по теме: Environmental protection

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Ann who writes:

..More and more young people get involved in environmental protection. Could you tell me what measures young people in your country take to save the environment? What kind of support do you get from your local community and family? Is there any Green Party/Movement where you live? Wouldn’t you like to start one, if there isn’t?

I am very happy now because I have just passed my last exams.

Write a letter to Ann. In your letter

answer her questions

ask 3 questions about her plans for the coming holiday

Ecology. Полный список английских слов по теме «Ecological Problems»

Выучите английские слова и переведите выражения, выделенные курсивом.

I. General Words

1. environment — окружающая среда

a healthy environment

to protect the environment

to spoil the environment

2. pollution — загрязнение

to reduce pollution

Land pollution, air pollution, water pollution

Many scientists think about serious changes in the climate because of the pollution of the atmosphere.

3. protection — защита

protection of the environment

4. environmental  — связанные с окружающей средой (=ecological)

environmental problems

environmental protection

Environmental pollution is becoming worse.

Pollution is among the main environmental problems.

5. to protect the environment — защищать окружающую среду

to protect the environment from pollution

6. to pollute / to be polluted by — загрязнять / быть загрязненным чем-то

to pollute the environment

To pollute the water, air, atmosphere means to make it dirty and dangerous for people and animals to live in or to use.

The air in the cities is polluted by car fumes (выхлопными газами).

7. An influence = an effect — влияние (воздействие)

to have a strong influence (effect) on

TV has a strong influence on people.

Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans.

8. to influence smth (greatly) — влиять (сильно)

What influenced his decision?

His speech influenced me greatly.

Humans influence Nature.

9. human influence — влияние человека

Human influence on nature is negative.

10. to destroy / to be destroyed — разрушить, уничтожить / быть уничтоженным

to destroy buildings, to destroy hopes

to destroy wildlife, countryside beauty

The house was destroyed.

Fires often destroy forests.

11. a destruction — разрушение

the destruction of environment

the destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty

destruction of ozone layer

destruction of rainforests

Pouring oil into the water will cause pollution and the destruction of our seas and rivers.

12. damage — ущерб

13. to damage / to be damaged — нанести ущерб / быть поврежденным

to damage nature

to be damaged by fire

The house was so badly damaged.

14. fragile — хрупкий

fragile health

Our fragile planet needs protection

Name 3 things that are fragile.

15. to cause / to be caused — вызывать / вызван

to cause illness

to cause decease

to cause death

to cause destruction

to cause troubles

to cause pollution

A burning cigarette caused the fire.

Smoking causes lung decease.

16. a disaster — катастрофа

a terrible disaster

nuclear disaster

ecological disaster

Fire is a disaster.

17. to survive — выжить

Do you know that camels can survive for many days without eating?

18. safe — безопасный

a safe place to live

19. safety — безопасность

be sure of safety

20. global — глобальный

global problems

global warming

21. crisis [`kraisis] — кризис

ecological crisis

global crisis

22. to prevent — предотвратить

to prevent an ecological disaster

23. to take actions — принимать меры

to take actions to prevent an ecological disaster

24. to prohibit / to be prohibited — запретить / запрещено

to be strictly prohibited

Feeding animals in zoos is strictly prohibited.

II. Pollution

25. to produce — производить

to produce goods

Name makes of cars produced in Russia.

26. energy — энергия

Energy is the power from electricity, wind, etc. that helps machines work.

27. nuclear — ядерный

nuclear energy

nuclear power stations

nuclear tests

nuclear weapons

a nuclear waste

Nuclear waste endangers people’s lives.

People all over the world protest against nuclear tests.

Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution.

28.  a dump — свалка

town dump

This town is a real dump.

Take all this litter to the town dump.

29. litter — мелкий мусор

to drop litter

to clear litter away

30. cans of coke/ beer — банки от колы, пива

31. packaging — упаковка

32. packed goods — упакованные товары

33. rubbish / garbage – крупный мусор

to throw rubbish

34. throw away — выбрасывать

35. waste — отходы

waste paper

nuclear waste

industrial waste

chemical waste

radioactive waste

A lot of waste from factories and plants goes in to the rivers.

The scientists try to solve the problem of radioactive waste.

36. to dump / to be dumped — сбрасывать в большом количестве / быть выброшенным

They dumped a lot of rubbish in the river.

All the countries protest against dumping acid wastes in the seas and oceans.

37. poison — яд (fertilizes — удобрения)

38. to poison / to be poisoned — отравлять / быть отравленным

People can be poisoned by industrial waste.

III. Destruction of  the Environment, Nature and the Wildlife

39. greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект

the problem of greenhouse effect

Greenhouse effect is the problem of a rise in temperature in the earth’s atmosphere.

40. source [so:s] — источник

source of information

What are the main sourses of land pollution?

41. resources [ri`so:siz] — ресурсы

natural resources

The country is rich in natural resources. They are……

42. to waste — тратить понапрасну

not to waste water, electricity

43. a shortage — нехватка

a shortage of water

a shortage of natural resources ( gas, oil, clean water)

a shortage of  food

44. to run out of – заканчиваться

We will run out of oil.

45. extinct — вымерший

extinct birds

What extinct animals do you know?

Dinosaurs are extinct animals.

46. to endanger / to be endangered — подвергать опасности / быть в опасности

to endanger animals

to endanger people’s lives

47. endangered animals — исчезающие животные

Endanged animals are in danger.

Nowadays tigers have become endangered animals.

48. to die out — вымирать

Endangered animals can easily die out.

Why do some animals die out? People kill animals for the sake of their skins and destroy their habitats, cutting down forests and polluting water.

49. a species [`spi:ʃi:z] (мн.ч. species) — вид (виды)

plant species

insect species

a species of flowers, a species of animals, different species of trees

The Black Tulip is an unusual species of tulips.

50. a habitat — место обитания

a habitat of plants

a habitat of animals

A habitat is a place where a certain animal usually lives.

51. to include / to be included — включать / быть включенным

to include in the Red Book

52. disappearing = (rare) — исчезающие (редкие)

disappearing species

rare species

IV. Environmental Protection

53. filter /purifier  — фильтры / очистители

to use filters

54. bins — контейнеры

to provide special bins to separate waste

55. to fine — штрафовать

The government should issue a law to fine plants and factories for all kinds of pollution.

56. to recycle / to be recycled — перерабатывать / перерабатываться

to recycle waste

57. recyclable — пригодный к переработке

to produce recycable packaging

58. recycling centers — центры переработки

There are no recycling centers in our city.

59. to reuse – использовать  вторично

60. to save — экономить

61. to reduce — уменьшить

2. Личное письмо по теме: Films

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Jane who writes:

… So you see that I enjoy films based on true historic facts.

What kinds of films do you like watching? Do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home? Why? Do you agree that it is better to read a book before watching the film based on it? Why or why not?

I’ve just come back from a trip to Wales…

Write a letter to Jane. In your letter

• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about her trip to Wales.

Список выражений для подготовки к экзамену по теме «Films. My Favourite Film» (ОГЭ / ЕГЭ)

1. belong to my favourite film genre — принадлежать к моему любимому жанру
2. screen version of the book «…» by… — экранизация книги «…», написанной …
3. the story is set in …- история происходит в …
4. the plot is rather simple / intricate — сюжет довольно простой / запутанный
5. grab my attention from the beginning — завладевать моим вниманием с самого начала
6. the brilliant acting of the main characters — превосходная игра актеров
7. be one of the film’s greatest assets…  —  еще одно достоинство фильма
8. stars as… — в главной роли играет … актер
9. the great soundtracks add … to the film — великолепные саундтреки придают фильму …
10. special effects — спецэффекты
11. impress most of all — производить наибольшее впечатление

Примеры предложений со словами и выражениями по теме «My Favourite Film»

1. The film «Great Expectations» belongs to my favourite film genre. It is drama.
2. It is the screen version of the famous book by Charles Dickens, which has the same title.
3. The story is set in Victorian England.
4. The plot is not very intricate. 
5. Despite the film has no special effects, it grabs your attention from the first scene.
6. The brilliant acting of the main characters is one of the film’s greatest assets. [6,7]
7. Konstantin Khabensky stars as Anton Gorogetsky.
8. The great soundtracks add the mystic atmosphere to the film.
9. I think it is the storyline (special effects) that impressed me most of all.[10,11]

Пример описания фильма на английском языке — My favourite film (an opinion about the film «The Night Watch»)

Вопросы по теме «My Favourite Film»

1. What is your favourite film genre?
2. What film impressed you most of all?
3. Was it a Russian or a foreign film?
4. What was the film about?
5. Why did you like it?

3. Личное письмо по теме: Future Jobs

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Bill who writes.

…  I don’t think it will be a problem for me to choose a good job in the future as I’m really interested in foreign languages, cultures and countries and I hope I’ll work as a translator or teacher of foreign languages some day. Have you already decided on your career? What job are you going to choose? Why?

I’ve lived in the USA my whole life but I’d really love to travel to other countries…

Write a letter to Bill. In your letter                               .

• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his plans for travelling.

Job, Occupation and Profession. Английские слова по теме «Моя будущая профессия». Список №1

1. my dream — моя мечта
2. come true — сбыться
3. take exams — сдавать экзамены
4. leave school — закончить школу
5. enter an instutute (a college) — поступить в институт (колледж)
6. get education — получить образование
7. find a job — найти работу
8. be independent — быть независимым
9. be interested in — интересоваться
10. study hard — усердно учиться
11. be in two minds — быть в раздумье
12. decide — решить
13. make up one’s mind — решить
14. change one’s mind — передумать
15. follow my parents’ profession — продолжить профессию родителей
16. choose — выбрать
17. make a choice — сделать выбор
18. the right choice — правильный выбор
19. the wrong choice — неверный выбор
20. make a career — сделать карьеру
21. be successful — быть успешным
22. by profession — по профессии

ПРИМЕР He is a teacher by profession. — Он по профессии учитель.

Отличие между job, work, profession, occupation

Английские слова work, career, profession, job и occupation связаны темой «Работа». Можно сказать, что все эти слова  — синонимы.

В этом уроке мы рассмотрим значения слов job и occupation. Чем же они отличаются? Итак,

1. job – работа, труд, сдельная работа, место службы, задание.
2. occupation – род занятий, профессия

ПРИМЕРЫ

1. I think I can get this job. — Я думаю, я могу получить эту работу.
2. What is his occupation? — Какой у него род занятий?

Отличие слова job от profession в том, что job — это работа, не требующая профессионального подготовки, например, a worker, a babysitter, a profession — работа, которая требует длительного обучения, например, a translator, a dentist.

Распространенное слово work означает труд, занятие, дело (в противоположность свободному времени, игре) и часто переводится, как просто работа.

Далее в этом уроке вы найдете список профессий на английском языке и сможете ответить на похожие вопросы:

1. What are you? — I am a student.
2. What is your occupation? — I am a student.
3. What is your job? — I am a teacher.

Список профессий  и занятий «Job and Occupation»

I. Occupation (Род занятий)

1. a pupil – учащийся начальной школы
2. a student – учащийся средней и старшей школы, студент вуза
3. a housewife – домохозяйка

II. Job and Profession (Работа, профессия)

I. Creative (творческие профессии):

1. a designer – дизайнер
2. a photographer – фотограф
3. an architect – архитектор
4. a painter (an artist) – художник
5. an actor (an actress), film actor – актер (актриса), киноактер
6. a singer – певец (певица)
7. a pianist – пианист
8. a musician – музыкант
9. a ballet dancer – балерина

II. Work with machines (работа с машинами):

1. a programmer – программист
2. a bus/ taxi driver – водитель (автобуса/ такси)
3. a worker / a builder – строитель

III. Work with people or animals (работа с людьми или животными):

1. a director – директор, руководитель, начальник, дирижер
2. a film director – постановщик, режиссер
3. a journalist – журналист
4. a teacher – учитель
5. a nurse – медсестра
6. a doctor, a dentist – врач, зубной врач
7. a vet — ветеринар
8. a secretary – секретарь
9. a manager –директор, управляющий
10. a lawyer – юрист

IV. Extreme (экстремальные):

1. a policeman (police officer) – полицейский
2. a fireman – пожарный
3. a security guard – охранник
4. a bodyguard – телохранитель
5. a life guard – спасатель

V. Intellectual work with figures or words (умственные):

1. a banker – банкир
2. an engineer – инженер
3. a programmer – программист
4. a scientist  – ученый
5. a translator — переводчик письменный
6. an interpreter – переводчик устный

VI. Others:

1. a model – модель
2. a postman – почтальон
3. a librarian – библиотекарь
4. a sportsman – спортсмен
5. a professional footballer – профессиональный футболист
6. a housewife – домохозяйка
7. a cook (chef) – повар

Запомните:

journalist, pianist, artist  НО
programmer, footballer or football player

4. Личное письмо по теме: Moscow

This is part of a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Ann who writes

… One of my friends has recently been invited to spend a couple of weeks in Moscow this summer and it’s going to be his first time coming here. What places of interest and historical attractions would you recommend for him to see? What are your favourite ones?

I’m sure there are a lot of lovely places here to spend a night out. Where should he go first? By the way, he is fond of sports…

Write a letter to Ann. In your letter

• give advice where to go in Moscow
• ask 3 questions about a favourite sport of Ann’s friend

Some Facts from the History of Moscow:
1. Moscow was founded in 1147 by prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
2. Moscow became the capital in the 13th century as a center of Tatar Yoke.
3. Moscow was the most important Russian city since the 15th century.
4. In 1812 Moscow was captured and burnt by Napoleon.
5. Moscow remained the second capital from 1712 till 1917.

List of Moscow Sights and Places of Interest:

1. Red Square

1. the Kremlin — Кремль
2. the Mausoleum — Мавзолей
3. the Kremlin Palace — Кремлевский дворец
4. the St. Basil Cathedral — Собор Василия Блаженного

2. The Moscow Underground
3. Moscow churches and monasteries

1. the Novodyevitchi Convent  — Новодевичий монастырь
2. the Danilov Monastery — Даниловский монастырь
3. the Temple of Christ the Savour — Храм Христа Спасителя

4. Museums

1. the State Tretyakov Gallery  — Государственная Третьяковская галерея (famous for its collections of paintings, sculpture, drawings, icons)
2. the Museum of Fine Arts named after Pushkin  — Музей изобразительных искусств имени Пушкина (the second after the Hermitage in Russia)
3. the Shilov Gallery — Галерея Шилова
4. The Kremlin Armoury /Oruzheynaya Palata  — Оружейная Палата (famous for its collections of royal plates and dishes, arms and armour, state symbols such as thrones,  the crowns, etc.)
5. the Diamond Fund  — Алмазный Фонд (has the exhibition of unique precious stones)

5. Moscow Theatres

1. The Bolshoi Theatre — Большой театр
2. The Maly Theatre — Малый театр
3. the Moscow Art Theatre (the MkhAT) — МХАТ
4. The Operetta Theatre — Театр оперетты

6. The Moscow University — Московский государственный университет
7. The State Library — Государственная библиотека им. Ленина
8. Parks and Gardens

1. Gorky Park — Парк Горького
2. Sokolniky Park — Парк Сокольники
3. Ismailovsky Park — Измайловский парк

9. Estate Museums — Музеи — усадьбы

1. Tsaritsino — Царицино
2. Kolomenskoye — Коломенское
3. Kuskovo — Кусково

Text «Outings and Sightseeing in Moscow»

Before reading the text, make sure that you know the words on the topic «Culture and Arts»: outings, amusement parks, estate museums, get acquainted with, performance, exhibition, be sure to know, be worth visiting, artifacts, sculpture, historic pieces.

Try to remember the adjectives: world-famous, the most visited, various, brilliant, valuable, commercial

Remember the phrases:

1. There is no need to rack your brains — Не стоит ломать голову …
2. Any foreigher is sure to know … — Любой иностранец знает

There is no need to rack one’s brains about outings in Moscow as it has a lot of world-famous theatres and galleries, amusement parks and estate museums.

Let us start getting acquainted with the Moscow city with its theatres. The most famous of them, the Bolshoi and Maly Theatre, are just in the centre, in Teatralnaya Square. One more popular theatre, Moscow Art Theatre (the MkhAT), is just round the corner. Altogether in Moscow there are about ninety theatres, where you can find performances to every taste from classical to modern ones.

Also in Moscow there are more than seventy museums and a lot of exhibitions of all kinds.

As for the galleries, any foreigner is sure to know the most popular gallery in Moscow. It is the Tretyakov Gallery, which is the center of Russian cultural life. It houses various exhibitions and it is the most visited gallery in the city. Also the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the Shilov Gallery are definitely worth visiting because there you will enjoy not only paintings by brilliant artists but also a collections of different artifacts, sculpture and other valuable historic pieces.

Tastes differ, you know. But in summer Moscow’s shady amusement parks are waiting for everybody. The most popular of them are Gorky Park, Sokolniky Park and Ismailovsky Park, to say nothing of the great estate museums such as Tsaritsino, Kolomenskoye or Kuskovo. They may not be at the top of the list of Moscow entertainment, but promise great enjoyment for a person of any age and background.

All in all, the Moscow’s places of public entertainment are so different that you will never be bored. Everybody will find where to go out, the only problem is what to choose: more real or more commercial. To my mind, it just depends on the money you are going to spend.

 5.1. Личное письмо по теме: Books. Вариант 1

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Steve who writes:

… At school we are doing projects on reading habits of people in different countries. Could you tell me what kind of books you and members of your family like reading? As for the family news my sister got married last week…   

 Write a letter to Steve. In your letter

• tell him about the kind of books you and your relatives like to read
• ask 3 questions about his sister’s husband

5.2. Личное письмо по теме: Books. Вариант 2

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Rosie who writes:

… I’ve decided to send you a book in English for your birthday. What kind of book would you like? What kind of books do you usually read in your own language? Is there a particular book you know about that you would like me to get for you? Are there any kinds of books you definitely don’t like? 

Give me some idea of what I could get for you.

Write a letter to Rosie. In your letter

• answer her questions.
• ask 3 questions about her birthday

Запомните синонимичные ответы на английском языке на распространенный вопрос по теме «Books»:

What kind of books do you prefer reading? – Какие книги ты предпочитаешь читать?

1. As for me, I am fond of (kind of books) – Что касается меня, я люблю … (жанры книг даны ниже)
2. I prefer reading … – Я предпочитаю читать …
3. I enjoy reading … – Я люблю читать …

ПРИМЕР I am fond of detectives. = I am fond of reading detectives.

* * *

Существительные по теме «Genres. Жанры книг» (Kinds of books)

Выделяют следующие виды книг, которые часто называют жанры. Постарайтесь вспомнить существительные, перевод к которым отсутствует.

1. a novel – роман
2. a historical novel – исторический роман
3. a story
4. a detective story
5. a love story
6. an adventure story – приключенческий роман
7. a short story
8. a horror story
9. a ghost story – история о привидениях
10. a fairy tale
11. a travel book
12. a fantasy book
13. a science fiction book – научно-фантастический роман
14. a legend / a myth – легенда (миф)
15. a biography – биография
16. a poem – стихотворение
17. poetry – поэзия

Составление отзыва о книге на английском языке

6. The title of the book – название книги
7. It is written by – она написана (имя писателя)
8. interesting / exciting / funny / true-to-life / well-written / easy to read — интересный, увлекательный, забавный, правдоподобный, хорошо-написанный, легко читается
ПРИМЕР. I find this book exciting and easy to read.

9. boring / sad / awful / badly-written / difficult to read — скучный, грустный, ужасный, плохо-написанный, трудно читается
ПРИМЕР. I find the book boring and difficult to read.

Расширенный Список №3 «Английские прилагательные по теме «Books»

10. writer — писатель

• children’s writer — детский писатель
• short story writer — автор рассказов
• author — автор
• dramatist= playwright — драматург (пишет пьесы)
• poet — поэт
• poetess — поэтесса

11. world-famous —  всемирно-известный

• well-known — хорошо-известный
• great — великий
• talented  — талантливый
• modern — современный
• classical — классический
• medieval — средневековый
• eighteenth- century — восемнадцатого века

12. he is considered to be — он считается
13. a plot — сюжет

• interesting — boring — интересный — скучный
• simple – intricate — простой — запутанный
• fast-moving – slow-moving  –  быстро-развивающийся – медленно-развивающийся

14. cheap stuff — ерунда, макулатура
15. to read more than half way through — прочитать больше, чем до половины
16. to be worth reading — стоит почитать
17. for a change – для разнообразия
18. characters (imaginative – true-to-life) — герои (вымышленные – правдоподобные)
19. the story takes place (the scene is laid) — действие происходит
20. the contents — содержание
21. episodes / moments — эпизоды / моменты

• funny – sad — забавные – грустные
• humorous – tragic — комичные – трагические

22. I could not help smiling / laughing / crying — не могла не улыбнуться / рассмеяться / заплакать
23. I couldn’t help feeling sad — не могла не почувствовать грусть
24. on the whole — в целом
25. to ruin your eye-sight — испортить зрение
26. poor eye-sight — плохое зрение
27. the cover of the book — обложка книги
28. an edition (cheap, pocket, abridged) — издание (дешевое, карманное, сокращенное)
29. a book in two volumes — книга в двух томах
30. a book (in translation — in the original) — книга (в переводе – в оригинале)
31. a collection of stories / poems — сборник рассказов / стихов
32. a book with colorful illustrations — книга с красочными иллюстрациями
33. in his works — в своих произведениях
34. to advise — посоветовать

Выделенные жирным шрифтом вы скорее всего уже знаете, так как они входили в Список №1 для начинающих. Постарайтесь выучить остальные английские слова (уровень 2 — intermediate)

Books. Задания для активизации лексики по теме «Книги». Пример отзыва о книге на английском языке. Сообщение на тему «My favourite writer»

Задание.  Выучите диалог.
— What kind of reading do you like?
— Well, I am fond of adventure stories.
— As for me, I enjoy fantasy books.
— Oh, I prefer reading fantasy books, too.

Обратите внимание, что наряду с обычным глаголом like – нравиться  в этом диалоге используются  более интересные выражения be fond of — увлекаться, prefer — предпочитать, enjoy — получать удовольствие.

Пример отзыва на книгу на английском языке для начинающих / The opinion about the book «“The Hound of the Baskerville”

This summer I’ve read a book by Conan Doyle “The Hound of the Baskerville”. I liked this book very much.

I liked the plot of this book and its main characters. Sometimes I told my friends about the book and they liked to listen to me.

One day my Mum asked me to read aloud and for several days I read this book to her. My Mum knows English a little and she could understand what I read.

It was very useful for me to read this book, because I learnt many new English words. Now I’m going to read one more English book, because while reading “The Hound of Baskerville” I got a great pleasure.

Вам может быть интересно узнать, как написать отзыв о книге на английском языке самостоятельно, тогда читайте Как написать отзыв о прочитанной книге. 

Сообщение на тему «Мой любимый писатель — О. Генри. My Favourite Writer O.Henry»

Подробная биография американского писателя О. Генри — The Biography of O. Henry (in English)

During this summer I read a lot. I want to tell you about my favourite writer. It is an American writer O. Henry. O. Henry is his pen name. His real name is William Sydney Porter. He was born in Greensboro, a little town in North Carolina in 1862. In his youth he changed many professions: he was a cowboy, a reporter, a clerk in a bank. He travelled about America trying to find a job. He met many common people, and that helped him later in his literary work. It happened that he got into prison and it was there that he started to write. He wrote his first story as a Christmas present for his little daughter.

O. Henry is a great master of short story. He liked to write about common people, whose life he knew very well.

O. Henry is one of the most widely published American writers. His stories are short, humorous and usually have a happy end. He is a master of unusual plots and surprise endings.

I read his stories such as “The last leaf” (Последний лист), “The gift of the Magi” (Дары волхвов), “No story” (Без вымысла) and others.

Best of all, I like the story with an unusual title “No Story”. It is about a girl who went to New York to look for her boyfriend. He had gone there some years ago to find a good job in New York City. He promised to return and marry her but he never came back. She came across him in a street but didn’t recognize so much he changed. He became a ruined man and not to make her unhappy he sent her back home. He still loved her. It is a very sad story about romantic love. If you like love stories, I advise you to read it.

6. Личное письмо по теме: Exams

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Jake who writes:

… Are you working hard at school at the moment? I am because we have some very important exams at the end of the year. They ‘re our final exams at school and then we leave. What exams do you have? Are you studying hard for them and doing lots of homework?

And what will happen after the exams? What are you going to do then? Will you have a holiday? Are you hoping to go to university? Tell me all about it. 

Write back to Jake. In your letter

• answer his questions.
• ask 3 questions about his progress at school

7. Личное письмо по теме: Friends

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Carol who writes:

… I went to a cafe with some friends after school yesterday and we had a long discussion about other people at school. What kind of things do you talk about with your friends? Do you ever have serious discussions, and, if so, what about? Do you gossip about other people like we do?

I’d love to know what you talk about when you’re with your friends.

Write back to Carl. In your letter

• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about her relationship with friends

My Friends. Английские слова по теме «Мои друзья» Список №1

1. make friends — подружиться
2. friends forever — друзья навсегда
3. see each other — видеть друг друга
4. miss each other — скучать друг без друга
5. meet each other — встречаться друг с другом
6. enjoy doing …. together — делать что-то вместе с удовольствием
7. have much in common — иметь много общего
8. share ideas — делиться идеями
9. phone each other — звонить друг другу
10. help in trouble (in need) — помогать в беде

My Best Friend (text in English)

• friendship — дружба

My best friend is my classmate. His name is Dima. He is a tall boy with short dark hair. He has blue eyes and wears glasses. He is brave and strong. Dima is a very optimistic person. He is never sad. He knows a lot of jokes and often makes me laugh.

We made friends in the first form and since then we have a deep friendship.

We often go for a walk together and talk about different things. Dima is my close friend and I can tell him about my problems. He also shares his ideas with me. I can’t say that we have much in common but we have the same hobby. We like playing chess.

We always help each other in need. I think we will be friends forever.

My Best Friend. Задания по активизации лексики

Задание 1. Tell us about your friend. Remember to say:

• what he/she looks like;
• what kind of person he or she is;
• when and how you made friends;
• what friends are for.

Задание 2. Answer the questions to find out if you are a good friend

• find out — узнать
• let — разрешать
• has forgetten — забыл
• be absent from school — отсутствовать в школе

1. How many friends do you have?
2. Do you let your friend copy your homework if he (she) hasn’t done it?
3. Do you always buy a present for your friend if he (she) has a birthday?
4. Do you share your lunch with your friend if he (she) has forgotten it?
5. Do you call your friend if he (she) is absent from school?
6. Will you help your friend if he (she) gets a bad mark in some subject?
7. Will you talk to your friend if he (she) calls you when you are watching your favourite TV programme?

8. Личное письмо по теме: Music

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Alan who writes:

… Last week our school orchestra gave a concert to parents which was a success, I took part in it too as I play the drum, you know. Do you play any musical instruments?

What kind of music do you like? What is your favourite group or singer? Hope to hear from you soon.

Write a letter to Alan. In your letter

• answer his questions;
• ask 3 questions about his hobbies.

9. Личное письмо по теме: Clothes. Fashion

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Jessica who writes:

 …By the way, we are doing a project at college on the fashion industry in different countries. It would be nice if you could tell me what clothes are popular with teenagers in Russia. Do you have any special fashion for teens? What kind of clothes do you prefer?

Write back to Jessica. In your letter

• answer his/her questions
• ask 3 questions about her holiday

Clothes. Список английских слов (intermediate). Уровень 2

1. raincoat — плащ
2. cardigan — шерстяная кофта на пуговицах без воротника
3. suit — костюм
4. tie — галстук
5. overall — комбинезон
6. glasses — очки
7. belt — ремень
8. braclets — браслеты
9. rings — кольца
10. trainers — кроссовки
11. try on — примерять
12. wear size 6 — носить  размер 6
13. fit — быть впору
14. suit/ become — идти (подходить)
15. match/ go with — сочетаться
16. come into (out of) fashion — войти в моду (выйти из… моды)
17. fashionable — модный
18. trendy  — очень модный
19. expensive — дорогой
20. comfortable — удобный
21. out-of-date — устаревший
22. old- fashioned — вышедший из моды
23. stylish — стильный
24. practical — практичный
25. casual — повседневный
26. untidy — неряшливый
27. bright — яркий (кричащий)
28. buy in a chain store — покупать в фирменном магазине
29. on sale — распродаже
30. in a boutique — в бутике

ПРИМЕРЫ

• I would like to try on these shoes.
• I wear size 8.
• These shoes fit.
• They suit my dress and match the colour of my handbag.
• I think high heels never come out of fashion.

Don’t forget about

Style (стиль):

1. romantic — романтичный
2. sports — спортивный
3. classical — классический
4. street — уличный
5. hippie — стиль «хиппи»

Pattern (рисунок ткани):

1. striped [straipt] — в полоску
2. pin-striped — в мелкую полоску
3. spotted — в горошек
4. flowery — в цветочек
5. checked — в клетку
6. plain — однотонный

Fabric (состав ткани):

1. linen — лен (made of linen)
2. silk — шелк
3. cotton — хлопок
4. wool — шерсть (woolen — шерстяной)
5. leather — кожа
6. velvet — вельвет, бархат
7. polyester — полиэстер

10. Личное письмо по теме: Modern Technologies

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Paul who writes:

… We are doing a project at school on how modern gadgets are changing people’s lives. Please could you tell me how  you feel about it? What modern gadgets have you got? What do you use them for?

As for me, I’m going on holiday with my parents next weekend…

Write back to Paul. In your letter

• answer his questions about computers;
• ask 3 questions about his plans for the coming weekend.

11. Личное письмо по теме: Sports

You have received a letter from your English pen friend Pauline who writes:

 …At school we are doing projects on sports popular in different countries. Could you tell me about two kinds of sports that are popular with Russian teenagers? Why are they popular? Do you have enough time for sports?

By the way, I am thinking of joining our school drama club. Is that a good idea?..

Write a letter to Pauline. In your letter

• answer all her questions
• ask 3 questions about his school drama club

Sports. Список английских выражений для подготовки к ОГЭ / ЕГЭ

1. ….has always been the most popular sport among … — всегда был самым популярным среди…
2. ….are wide-spread in our country.  — … распространены в нашей стране.
3. … bring people close — сближать людей
4. … give excellent opportunities for …-  … предоставлять отличные возможности для…
5. This game is played … — В эту игру играют…
6. make more organized and better disciplined — делать более организованным и дисциплинированным
7. develop not only your body but also your mind — развивать не только тело, но и разум
8. can cause injuries — может вызвать травмы
9. offer great chance to make a career — предлагать отличный шанс для карьеры
10. would rather watch than participate. — … предпочел бы посмотреть, а не участвовать.

Примеры предложений с выражениями по теме «Sports»

1. Football has always been the most popular sport among the boys.
2. Bicycling, skiing, skating, roller-skating are wide-spread in our country.
3. Sports brings people close.
4. Summer gives excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, yachting, cycling and many other sports.
5. This game (football) is played in all countries of the world.
6. Sport makes people more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.
7. It develops not only your body but also your mind.
8. People who are against sport say that it can cause injuries.
9. Sports is a great chance for people to make a career.
10. As for me, I would rather watch than participate because being a loser makes me feel inferior.

Вопросы по теме «Sports»

1. What kinds of sport is your family interested in?
2. What sport events do you usually watch?
3. Do you prefer team or individual sports? Why?
4. Do you think sports makes you healthy? Why? Why not?
5. What are the most popular sports in Russia?

12. Личное письмо по теме: Hobbies. Free Time

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend David who writes:

… At school we are doing projects on teenagers in different countries. What is your idea of a typical Russian teenager? You will help me a lot if you could tell me about Russian teenagers. What do they enjoy? What are their most popular leisure activities? 

Anyway, the weather is fine today and I am going to try my new skateboard…

Write a letter to David. In your letter

• answer his questions;
• ask 3 questions about his hobbies.

Список слов для подготовки по теме «My Hobby. Free Time» (ОГЭ / ЕГЭ)

1. in my free time = in my spare time = at leisure — в свободное время, на досуге
2. popular / common  / wide-spread / favourite pastime — популярное, распространенное, любимое времяпровождение
3. choose a hobby (occupation) according to their tastes — выбрать хобби (занятие) по вкусу
4. used to collect — когда-то  собирал
5. take pleasure in — находить удовольствие в чем-то
6. never be a waste of time — никогда не будет пустой тратой времени
7. spend all day doing smth — проводить весь день за каким-то занятием
8. get interested in smth — заинтересоваться чем-то
9. find this activity very entertaining — находить это занятие очень занимательным
10. improve one’s mood — улучшать настроение
11. never get bored — не бывает скучно
12. take up photography / give up photography — заняться фотографией/ бросить

Примеры предложений со словами (выражениями) по теме «My Hobby/ Free Time»

1. Embroidery is an excellent way to fill leisure time.
2. Playing computer games is the most popular pastime with young people.
3. Everyone can choose an occupation according to his tastes.
4. When I was a boy, I used to collect toy soldiers.
5. My grandparents take pleasure in gardening.
6. Any hobby can never be a waste of time.
7. He spent all day (all his free time) carving wood or stone.
8. Some years ago she got interested in sewing and knitting.
9. I find making models very entertaining.
10. This activity improves my mood.
11. If you have a hobby, you are never bored.
12. My parents made me give up hang-gliding as they thought it was too dangerous.

Вопросы по теме «My Hobby / Free Time»

1. Do you believe that the best rest is the change of activities?
2. What is a hobby?
3. What is one of the numerous hobbies in your country?
4. Do you know the hobbies of any famous people?
5. What is your favourite pastime?
6. Does your hobby help you to learn new things?
7. Do your parents share your interests?

13. Личное письмо по теме: Travelling. Language Schools

You have received a letter from your German pen-friend Hans who writes:

… I find it a bit difficult to understand English grammar. What about you? Do you do grammar exercises? Do you think it is neccessary to remember all grammar rules?

Have you got any plans for the summer? I was thinking of going to a language school in the UK to improve my English. It would be a lot more fun if we went together. What do you think?

Anyway, I’ve got to go now as I’m helping my Dad in the workshop.

Hope to hear from you soon.
All the best,
Hans

Write a letter to Hans. In your letter

• answer his questions;
• ask 3 questions about his trip to the UK.

Travelling. Английские слова по теме «Путешествия». Список №1 (для начинающих)

Запомните: 
— I like travelling. — Я люблю путешествовать.
— I would like to travel — Я хотел(a) бы путешествовать
— I am going on a trip to —  Я собираюсь в поездку в
— I’d like to go on a (…) trip to… — Я бы хотел(а) отправиться в поездку в …

1. trip to — поездка в
2. all over the world — по всему миру
3. go to — ехать в
4. get to — добраться до
5. travel to — путешествовать в
6. visit different countries — посетить разные страны
7. museums and galleries — музеи и галереи
8. go sightseeing (do the sights) — осматривать достопримечательности
9. see the sights (places of interest) — увидеть достопримечательности
10. travel (go) abroad — путешествовать (ехать) за границу
11. travel (go) around — путешествовать (ехать) по …
12. travel (go) by car (coach) — путешествовать (ехать) на машине (автобусе)
13. travel (go) by train —  путешествовать (ехать) на поезде
14. travel (go) by air (plane) — путешествовать (ехать) на самолете
15. travel (go) by sea (ship) — путешествовать (ехать) морем
16. leave — уехать из
17. spend a week in — провести неделю в…
18. on the way to — по дороге; НО on the way home — по дороге домой
19. during the trip — во время поездки
20. stay at a hotel — остановиться в отеле
21. walk around the city — гулять по городу
22. try local food  — пробовать местную пищу
23. buy souvenirs — покупать сувениры
24. exciting — увлекательный
25. unusual — необычный
26. make new friends (meet new people) — знакомиться с новыми людьми
27. improve my English — улучшить свой английский
28. lie in the sun on the beach — загорать на пляже
29. have a wonderful time — замечательно провести время
30. enjoy the trip — получить удовольствие от поездки
31. come back home — вернуться домой

Запомните фразу: It was the best holiday I have ever had.  — Это был мой самый лучший отдых!

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Do you like travelling?
2. How do you usually travel?
3. What do you like doing while travelling (во время путешествия)?
4. What countries would you like to travel?
5. What countries are you going to travel soon?

Упражнение 3. Выполните устно.

1. Remember countries and their sights (страны и их достопримечательности) 
2. Name  means of transport (средства транспорта) you know.
3. Name countries you have visited.
4. Name the most world-famous sights (всемирно-известные достопримечательности).
5. Name countries you would like to visit and sights you would like to see.

Упражнение 4. Подготовьте небольшое сообщение на одну из предложенных тем. Используйте фразы из списка.

Тема 1 «My Future Trip» (в будущем времени — The Future Simple Tense)
Тема 2 «A Trip I Made Last Summer» (в прошедшем времени — The Past Simple Tense)

1. to leave (your city) on (the date of departure — дата отправления)
2. to travel by (means of transport — средство транспорта)
3. to stop in different places on the way to…
4. to visit the historical sights in..
5. to lie in the sun in good weather…
6. to make new friends during the trip
7. the trip lasted for … days/weeks/months
8. to spend a few days/hours in…
9. to come back home by bus/train/plane
10. to have a wonderful time at/in…

Travelling. Список английских слов №2 (intermediate)

1. trip — поездка
2. journey — путешествие
3. route — маршрут
4. destination — место назначения
5. round the world tour — кругосветное путешествие
6. go on a trip (journey, tour) to… — отправиться в поездку (путешествие, тур) в
7. afford — позволить себе
8. take ages to get to — требуется вечность, чтобы добраться
9. airport — аэропорт (at the airport)
10. railway station — вокзал (at the station)
11. bus stop — автобусная остановка
12. arrive at — прибыть в небольшой город (место: arrive at the airport, arrive at the station; in — в крупный населенный пункт, страну)
13. take a bus (a taxi) — сесть на автобус (такси)
14. get on a bus (a plane) — сесть на автобус  (самолет)
15. get off a bus (a plane) — сойти с автобуса (самолета)
16. luggage — багаж
17. pack the luggage — упаковать багаж
18. carry the bags (the luggage) — нести сумки (багаж)
19. plane ticket — билет на самолет
20. travel abroad by plane — путешествовать за границу
21. last for … days (weeks)  — длиться
22. tourist attractions — достопримечательности
23. attract attention — привлекать внимание
24. it is necessary to have — необходимо иметь
25. insurance — страховка
26. foreign currency — иностранная валюта
27. visa — виза
28. buy plane tickets  — покупать билеты на самолет
29. beforehand — заранее
30. check in — регистрация
31. check-in desk — стойка регистрации
32. to check in — зарегистрироваться
33. to get the boarding pass — получить посадочный талон
34. flight — рейс
35. be delayed — задерживаться
36. be announced  — объявляется
37. arrival — прибытие
38. departure — отправление
39. hand luggage — ручная кладь
40. weigh the luggage — взвесить багаж
41. passport control — паспортный контроль
42. fill in the declaration form — заполнить декларацию
43. valuable things — ценные вещи
44. customs — таможенный контроль
45. get through customs — пройти таможенный контроль
46. board the plane — сесть на самолет
47. boarding pass — посадочный талон
48. take off — взлететь
49. safe / unsafe  — безопасный / небезопасный
50. comfortable / uncomfortable — удобный / неудобный
51. pleasant / unpleasant — приятный/ неприятный
52. unbelievable — невероятный
53. exhausting — утомительный

Еще прилагательные по теме «Travelling»

Travelling. Упражнения по теме «Путешествия» (intermediate)

Упражнение 1. Answer the questions:

1. What is the most convenient way of traveling?
2. Which is the quickest way of traveling?
3. What countries have you already been to?
4. What countries you haven’t travelled yet?
5. What country would you like to visit most of all? Why?

Упражнение 2. Complete the following sentences using gerund in each.

Изучить конструкцию «Gerund. Герундий»

1. I like (ходить пешком).
2. He took a taxi instead of (сесть в автобус).
3. She is tired of (нести свой чемодан самой).
4. Soon I get tired of (ездить в трамвае).
5. They don’t mind (подождать такси).

Упражнение 3. Проверьте себя, хорошо ли вы запомнили слова по теме «At the airport»,  а также некоторые прилагательные.

 At the airport: ticket, check-in, to check in, check-in desk; arrival, departure, luggage, to take off, to board, a boarding pass, to fill in the declaration form, customs, to get through customs, flight, be delayed

 unpredictable, unexpected, unsafe, unbelievable, uncomfortable, unpleasant, valuable

Упражнение 4. Представьте себе, что вы хотите совершить кругосветное путешествие. Вы отправляетесь из родного города в любую точку планеты. Расскажите о своем маршруте (my route) и средствах транспорта (means of transport), которые вы собираетесь использовать.

Используйте конструкции будущего времени:

• I am planning to go to  …
• I am going to (собираюсь) to travel…
• I will …

Готовя рассказ, обратите особое внимание на предлоги. 
1. start from — начать
2. travel from … to…  — путешествовать из … в …
3. travel (go) by car (bus, ship, train, plane, helicopter) — путешествовать (ехать) на (автобусе, корабле, поезде, самолете, вертолете)
4. go on foot — идти пешком
5. leave my native city — уехать из родного города
6. leave for Moscow — уехать в Москву
7. leave Moscow for London — уехать из Москвы в Лондон
8. to take a taxi —  взять такси
9. to get to — добраться до …
10. to change to — пересесть на
11. to arrive in — прибыть в
12. to come back — вернуться

Упражнение 5. Расскажите о своей воображаемой поездке в прошедшем времени, используя слова выше. Начните так:

I have just come back from the round-the-world tour. Would you like to know the details? Well, …

Упражнение 6. Расспросите друга о воображаемой поездке, используя слова выше. Начните так:

I have heard you were in Sochi last month. Did you travel by …?

Упражнение 7. Представьте себе, что ваш друг собирается заграницу. Он полетит самолетом.  Дайте ему совет, как подготовиться к поездке, как зарегистрироваться на рейс и пройти паспортный контроль.

 Используйте модальные глаголы и конструкции, выражающие совет:

• should
• have to (must)
• if I were you
• you had better

ОБРАЗЕЦ. If you have some valuable things on you, you have to fill in the declaration form.

Упражнение 8. Вставьте пропущенные слова в диалог: shedules (летит по расписанию), depend, kind, special, reserve (зарезервировать), mind, rather, change, stopover (транзитная остановка), direct (прямой), serve (предоставлять), meals, know (12