Английский язык - материал по страноведению - Шотландия
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку (9 класс)

scotland.pptx

3 - Hello. We continue our journey around the UK.

This time we’ll leave for Scotland, the country of castles, inspiring landscapes, magical islands, Loch Ness monster, traditional Scotch whiskey, sounds of bagpipe and what so ever.

4 - Scotland, most northerly of the four parts of the United Kingdom, occupies about one-third of the island of Great Britain.

The name Scotland derives from the Latin Scotia, land of the Scots, a Celtic people from Ireland who settled on the west coast of Great Britain about the 5th century ad.

The name Caledonia has often been applied to Scotland, especially in poetry.

It is derived from Caledonii, the Roman name of a tribe in the northern part of what is now Scotland.

Geography

 5 - Scotland shares a border with England in the south.

 It is home to almost 800 small islands.

6 - Few people know that only about 130 of them are permanently inhabited which means the remaining islands offer pristine nature, breathtaking views and unique wildlife.

In the north of the country, you'll find the majestic Shetland Isles and Orkney Isles, both steeped in a magical mix of Scottish, Celtic and Norse history and culture.

In the west you'll find incredible archipelagos such as the Outer Hebrides, home to incredible pristine beaches that are regularly mistaken for Caribbean islands in photographs, and the Inner Hebrides, site of one of the jewels in the crown of Scottish scenery, the Isle of Skye.

This large island was connected to the mainland in 1995 by a road bridge. The Skye Bridge is around 500 metres in length, and connects the mainland village of Kyle of Lochalsh with the Skye community of Kyleakin.

5- Scotland is surrounded by different bodies of water depending on the coast, with the North Sea in the east separating it from most of the rest of Europe, and the Atlantic Ocean in the north and west separating it from Iceland, the USA and Canada.

To the south-west, you will find the Irish Sea, which separates Scotland from Irish neighbours.

7 - Scotland is a beautiful country well known for its dramatic scenery of mountains and valleys, rolling hills, green fields and forests, and rugged coastline.

8 - While everyone knows the Highlands for this, Scotland is beautiful in the Lowlands, islands and the flat lands of the North-East as well.

9 - There are many rivers, with the Tay, Forth, Clyde, Dee, Don, Spey and Ness being prominent.

Wide river estuaries are known as "firths", with the Firth of Forth, Firth of Tay and Firth of Clyde being particularly large.

10 - There are also a large number of inland lakes called "lochs" (the Scots word for "lake").

11- The most famous one is Loch Ness where according to the legend the Nessie monster lives.

12 - But do you know that the deepest loch in Scotland is not Loch Ness.

It is, Loch Morar, which reaches 1,077ft (328m) down and is ranked the seventeenth deepest lake in the world.

13-And another monster Morag lives there.

14 - The highest point is mountain Ben Nevis. Its height is 4,414 feet high. Located in the Grampian Mountains.

The climate of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable.

15- The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh.

It is a handsome city of great historical significance and one of Europe’s chief cultural centres.

16 - Other significant principal cities include Glasgow, Dundee, Aberdeen, and Perth, all centres for industry, transportation, and commerce.

There are also a large number of smaller towns in which much of the population reside.

History

Scotland’s relations with England, with which it was merged in 1707 to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain, have long been difficult.

Until 1603, Scotland was a separate state.

17 - After the death of Queen Elizabeth I, the Scottish King James VI became also the English King James I, who ruled both countries.

May 1, 1707 The Acts of Union joined it with England, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

Although profoundly influenced by the English, Scotland has long refused to consider itself as anything other than a separate country, and it has bound itself to historical fact and legend alike in an effort to retain national identity, as well as to the distinct dialect of English called Scots.

That independent spirit bore fruit in 1996, when the highly symbolic Stone of Scone was returned to Edinburgh, Scotland’s capital, from London.

18 - The Stone of Scone is an ancient symbol of Scottish sovereignty.

According to legend, the sandstone slab 152 kg was used by the biblical figure Jacob as a pillow when he dreamed of a ladder reaching to heaven and then brought to Scotland by way of Egypt, Spain and Ireland.

The rock, also known as the Stone of Destiny, was used for centuries in the coronation ceremonies of Scottish monarchs and later the monarchs of England and the Kingdom of Great Britain.

 The Stone of Scone was last used in 1953 for the coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

19 -In 1999 a new Scottish Parliament—the first since 1707—was elected and given significant powers over Scottish affairs.

The official language in Scotland is English.

But both Scottish Gaelic and the Scots language have wide influence.

Languages such as Urdu and Punjabi continue to be spoken by immigrant groups, and the Scottish Parliament provides information in different languages to meet these needs.

Politics

Scotland operates a devolved government as part of the UK.

The Scottish Government, at whose heart is the Scottish Parliament, controls many matters internal to Scotland.

20 - The head of the Scottish Government is the First Minister, who is prominent in public life and acts as the leader of Scotland in internal matters and also de facto represents Scotland's economic and cultural interests abroad (although foreign policy is a matter reserved to London).

Nicola Sturgeon is the First Minister in Scotland

21-Bute House is the official residence and workplace of the First Minister.

22 - The official residence of the monarch in Scotland is located in Edinburgh and it’s a Palace of Holyroodhouse.

23 - Do you know that the monarch’s official bodyguards in Scotland are the Archers?

24- The Flag of Scotland is known as St Andrew's cross or the Saltire.

Famous people.

What have the Scots ever done for us?

Quite a lot, actually.

It is amazing to think that a country as small as Scotland, in spite of the many trials and tribulations faced throughout its history, has left such a lasting impact on the world.

From sporting heroes and inspiring writers, to legendary warriors and tragic queens, Scotland's countrymen and women, both past and present, continue to fascinate, inspire and leave their mark.

 Let’s recall some of them.

25 - John Logie Baird created the world’s first TV picture on October 2, 1925 while Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in February 1876.

Penicillin - Sir Alexander Fleming

Tarmac - John McAdam

Raincoat - Charles Mackintosh

Where would we be today without this technology?

Outstanding writers: Sir Walter Scott - "Ivanhoe", "Quentin Durward", "Rob Roy",

     Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - "Sherlock Holmes", "The Lost World"

     Robert Louis Stevenson - "Treasure Island", "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"

     Kenneth Graham - "The Wind in the Willows"

Charles Mackintosh – Scotland’s famous architect,

26- Popular musician – Mark Knopfler, Annie Lennox

Actors and actresses – Sean Connery, Ewan McGregor and others.

Scottish Attractions

When it comes to places to visit, Scotland has some mighty fine options indeed. I wouldn't be surprised if you wanted to experience them all. Nature reserves, castles, museums, galleries, zoos, sports events and so on.

One of the best things about Scotland is that no matter where you find yourself, a castle is never far away. As integral to the Scottish landscape as its pristine lochs and lofty mountains, the country’s castles rank amongst the most iconic in the world.

Here are top 10 famous Scottish attractions

27. - Edinburgh Castle

The stone towers and walls of Edinburgh Castle have dominated the Edinburgh skyline since the 13th century. Perched atop black basalt rock, it offers magnificent views of the city and a trip through Scotland’s tumultuous history. Highlights are the spectacular Crown Jewels; the famous Stone of Destiny (the Stone of Scone); and St. Margaret’s Chapel, built in 1130 and the oldest building in Edinburgh. Enter the castle over a drawbridge across an old moat from the broad Esplanade, where the famous Edinburgh Military Tattoo is held every August. Bronze statues of legendary heroes William Wallace and Robert the Bruce seem to keep watch over the castle gates.

28 Loch Lomond

Idyllic Loch Lomond, just a short drive northwest of Glasgow, is Britain's largest lake and, according to author Walter Scott, "The Queen of Scottish Lakes."

29 Cruising loch Ness and Caledonian Canal

Think of Loch Ness, and you'll probably picture the mythical monster that, according to legend, has made this 23-mile-long loch home for countless centuries. The largest body of water in Scotland's Great Glen, Loch Ness is part of a waterway connecting the east and west coasts of Scotland. It and three other lochs are joined together by the Caledonian Canal, which you can cruise on short excursions, or on a six-hour voyage from one end to the other, through the canal locks that adjust the varying water levels.