Материалы к дифзачету для специальности 27.02.03 Автоматика и телемеханика на транспорте (на железнодорожном транспорте)
тест по английскому языку

ВАРИАНТ 1

1) Translate from Russian into English.

Автоведение поездa, автоматическая установка маршрута; диспетчерская централизация, светофор; стрелочный перевод, короткое замыкание, рельсовая цепь, магистраль, пульт управления; центр управления; схема пути; кнопочный переключатель.

2) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

        1. Centralized traffic control (to provide – Present Simple Active) fast communication of information. 2. Nowadays train operation on busy sections of trunk lines (to control – Present Simple Passive) from a single control center. 3. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 4. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions. (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation. 5. Signaling (to set – Present Simple Active) the route by a database containing the working timetable. 6. We (to leave – Past Simple Active) our car in the station approach. 7. Many new electronic devices (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) to provide safe high-speed traffic. 8. There (to be – Present Simple Active) no need for a dispatcher to monitor every track since centralized traffic control (to introduce – Past Perfect Passive). 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident.

3) Translate the text using a dictionary if necessary. Do it in written form.

FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAY SEMAPHORE

        The railway semaphore was first seen in 1841 on the London and Groydon railway. The first semaphore was conceived and constructed by Charles Hutton Gregory. This very interesting device opened a new page in the development of railway signalling. Semaphore gradually replaced all types of signals of that time.

        It was generally a three-aspect signal. When the arm was horizontal it meant «stop», when it was at an angle of 45° it meant «caution» and when the line was clear the arm was dropped down so that it could not be seen by the driver.

        This type of semaphore signal was in general use on practically every railway of the world. The present day semaphore signals are of two types. Both give only two indications: «stop» signals and «distant» signals. The semaphore type signal belongs to the fixed signals in common use.

ВАРИАНТ 2

1) Translate from Russian into English.

Автоматическое управление поездом, автоматическое ограждение поезда, защита; точечная автоматическая локомотивная сигнализация (АЛСТ);КПД;

пограничные перевозки; двигаться по инерции; изолировать, сопротивление.

2) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

        1. Centralized traffic control (to provide – Present Simple Active) fast communication of information. 2. Nowadays train operation on busy sections of trunk lines (to control – Present Simple Passive) from a single control center. 3. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 4. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions. (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation. 5. Signaling (to set – Present Simple Active) the route by a database containing the working timetable. 6. We (to leave – Past Simple Active) our car in the station approach. 7. Many new electronic devices (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) to provide safe high-speed traffic. 8. There (to be – Present Simple Active) no need for a dispatcher to monitor every track since centralized traffic control (to introduce – Past Perfect Passive). 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident.

3) Translate the text using a dictionary if necessary. Do it in written form.

RAILWAY SIGNALLING DEVELOPMENT

     When railways were young signalling was not needed. But as railway traffic grew and speeds increased something was to be done to tell drivers where the other trains were From this need first came the railway «policemen». To show drivers that the line was clear, the policeman stood in «erect position with his arms outstretched». If the line was occupied he stood «at ease». A red flag was used to stop the train, so the red colour came to mean «stop», and the trains had a red tail light at night.         To give trains time to stop, signals were often displayed at considerable distance before the danger point they protected. As flags could not be seen properly red-painted boards and discs were also used to stop the trains. When the telegraph came into use, railway lines were divided into block sections and the passage of trains from block section to block section was telegraphed ahead from station to station.

     This system was designed to allow only one train to be in a section at a time. It is still the basic method used by railways.

ВАРИАНТ 3

1) Translate from Russian into English.

Пропускать ток; управление стрелками и сигналами; запрещающий сигнал; замыкать цепь; напряжение; ток низкого напряжения; устанавливать предупреждающий / запрещающий сигнал; пропускать ток; хвост поезда; рельсовый стык; изолирующий стык; ходовой рельс; бесстыковой рельс.

2) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

        1. Centralized traffic control (to provide – Present Simple Active) fast communication of information. 2. Nowadays train operation on busy sections of trunk lines (to control – Present Simple Passive) from a single control center. 3. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 4. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions. (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation. 5. Signaling (to set – Present Simple Active) the route by a database containing the working timetable. 6. We (to leave – Past Simple Active) our car in the station approach. 7. Many new electronic devices (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) to provide safe high-speed traffic. 8. There (to be – Present Simple Active) no need for a dispatcher to monitor every track since centralized traffic control (to introduce – Past Perfect Passive). 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident.

3) Translate the text using a dictionary if necessary. Do it in written form.

TRACK CIRCUIT IS MORE THAN 100 YEARS OLD

        On August 20, 1872, Dr. William Robinson issued U.S. Patent № 130,661 for the basic closed track circuit. With this invention, Dr. Robinson laid the foundation for modern railway track circuiting.

        The d.c. conventional track circuit was the first and is still the most commonly used signalling device.

        But the application of d.c. track circuits to d.c. electrified railroads was not very successful. The situation was improved in 1901 by the introduction of the polarized track relay. There were many innovations in Ry signalling based on the use of track circuit.

        With the invention of transistors, solid-state track circuits were introduced on railroads. Further development led to the introduction of cab signalling and fully automatic operation of trains.

ВАРИАНТ 4

1) Translate from Russian into English.

Путевой сигнал; стационарный / постоянный сигнал; крыло светофора; сдерживающее положение; следовать (о поезде), продолжать (путь); предохранитель, сортировочный двор, грузовые и пассажирские перевозки.

2) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

        1. Centralized traffic control (to provide – Present Simple Active) fast communication of information. 2. Nowadays train operation on busy sections of trunk lines (to control – Present Simple Passive) from a single control center. 3. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 4. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions. (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation. 5. Signaling (to set – Present Simple Active) the route by a database containing the working timetable. 6. We (to leave – Past Simple Active) our car in the station approach. 7. Many new electronic devices (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) to provide safe high-speed traffic. 8. There (to be – Present Simple Active) no need for a dispatcher to monitor every track since centralized traffic control (to introduce – Past Perfect Passive). 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident.

3) Translate the text using a dictionary if necessary. Do it in written form.

DRIVERLESS TRAINS ON LONDON METRO

        On London Rapid Transit, automatic operation was first used on the Victoria Line.        His role is much more than merely pushing a button. He is a qualified motorman who must have a full understanding of working of the train equipment so that he can take over manual control in case of emergency. The train operator has constantly to control the running and performance of the train. At stations he must see for himself and with the help of the closed-circuit television, when it is safe to close the train doors.

        He has a direct contact with the dispatcher and there is a two-way communication between them. The train operator can use the public address system with which all Victoria Line trains are equipped to pass on information to the passengers when required.

        Research and development work has been done with a view to introduce driverless trains on the London Rapid Transit System. Much development work will be necessary before it is possible to provide reliable and practicable driverless trains.

ВАРИАНТ 5

1) Translate from Russian into English.

Постоянные сигналы; рабочие характеристики;  сигнал с дистанционным управлением; сортировочная станция, маневрировать, маневровый локомотив, маневровая работа, система блокировки, подстанция, маршрут.

2) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

        1. Centralized traffic control (to provide – Present Simple Active) fast communication of information. 2. Nowadays train operation on busy sections of trunk lines (to control – Present Simple Passive) from a single control center. 3. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 4. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions. (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation. 5. Signaling (to set – Present Simple Active) the route by a database containing the working timetable. 6. We (to leave – Past Simple Active) our car in the station approach. 7. Many new electronic devices (to develop – Present Perfect Passive) to provide safe high-speed traffic. 8. There (to be – Present Simple Active) no need for a dispatcher to monitor every track since centralized traffic control (to introduce – Past Perfect Passive). 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident.

3) Translate the text using a dictionary if necessary. Do it in written form.

AUTOMATIC SIGNALLING

        Present-day signalling systems use colour light signals throughout. The aim of railway signalling is to provide high standards of safety in train operation. For this purpose interlocking plants are in general use at terminals, junctions, railroad crossings, etc.

        Colour light signals are widely used for automatic signalling. Stations equipped with modern signalling system have signals at each end, for entering and leaving, with signals located approximately half-amile from the approach signals to warn the drivers that they are coming to a station.

        These signals give indications by electric lights, both by day and night. The colour light signals are distinctly seen in the brightest sunlight. They are usually of three lights: red for «stop», yellow for «proceed with caution» and green for «proceed».

ВАРИАНТ 6

1) Translate from Russian into English.

Предохранительный механизм; катушка с сердечником; генераторная схема;

контрольная лампа; арматура, броня (кабеля); клапан; приводить в действие, возбуждать; забирать энергию; система автоматического управления торможением, резонировать; тяговый электродвигатель; короткозамкнутый .

2) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

        1. Those drivers which (not to comply – Present Simple Active) with traffic rules must be fined. 2. Heavy traffic (to cause – Present Continuous Active) long delays on the roads. 3. Engine failure (to cause – Past Simple Passive) by careless driving. 4. After a long investigation faulty warning lights (to find – Past Simple Passive) to be the cause of the accident. 5. Under the agreement all trade barriers between the US and Canada (to eliminate – Future Simple Passive). 6. The staff (to train – Past Simple Passive) to deal with any emergency. 7. Before moving into the territory we (to survey – Past Simple Active) it carefully. 8. A survey of the area (to give - Past Simple Active) no information. 9. The departure of the train (not to delay – Past Perfect Passive) regardless the accident. 10. Automation of signaling systems (to prove – Present Perfect Active) its effectiveness to provide safe passenger and freight traffic. 11. Regulation of speed, programmed stopping and other functions (to handle – Present Simple Passive) automatically by means of automatic train operation.

3) Translate the text using a dictionary if necessary. Do it in written form.

PRESENT STATE OF THE NEW TOKAIDO LINE IN JAPAN

        With the development of aircraft and motorcars railways lost their monopolistic position in the field of transportation in Japan as in other countries of the world. However, the New Tokaido Line, which was opened to high-speed traffic between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka in 1964, evidenced the great advantage of railways in long-distance transportation for its safety, speed, comfort and efficiency.

        This new line employs a number of new devices which provide the most modern train safety at very high speeds. They include the centralized control system, CTC, and the automatic train control system providing the safety of high-speed operation.

        The Japanese National Railways pay great attention to the development of automatic signalling and a computer-based information processing systems as well.

All these facilities are working All these facilities are working in good condition today.