Разработка урока по страноведению (6класс)
методическая разработка по английскому языку (6 класс) на тему

London is the capital of England and the UK. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London is the 3rd largest city in Europe with the population of 8,6 mln people. London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation. It also contains four World Heritage Sites.

 London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded as a camp by the Romans, who named it Londinium. This area of about 1 square mile corresponds to the modern City of London. It was surrounded with a stone wall which lasted for many years. The Romans built a bridge over the Thames and there has always been a “London Bridge” in the same area ever since. Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the bridge. It rapidly developed into a large port and trading centre, and  from 240 AD onwards  London was the capital of one of the 4 Roman provinces in Britain. After the Romans left in 410 AD the town declined but by 800 AD it was a busy trade centre again.

In medieval London merchants and craftsmen formed powerful associations called guilds, and one of the London merchants was elected Mayor of the City every year. In the City a lot of streets are named after trades and shops. There is Threadneedle Street (where tailors used to work), Bread Street (a bakery area) and Milk Street (where cows were kept for milking). The City was always proud of its independence and privileges guaranteed by special royal charters. The City keeps its traditions – even now each new Lord Mayor goes to swear allegiance to the monarch in a gilded coach.

Under Henry I (the 4th son of William the Conqueror) London finally replaced Winchester as the capital of England.  It was a city of timber-framed buildings, gothic churches and winding streets but it was also a city of slums. Medieval London stopped existing after the Great Fire in 1666. According to a law new buildings had to be made of stone. In 1707 London became the capital of Great Britain. In the 18th and 19th centuries it turned into a great commercial centre; docks, bridges and canals were built. In 1836 the first railway was opened and in 1863 the underground was built between Paddington and the City.  It was the first underground in the world and was nicknamed “The Tube”.