Тексты страноведческого характера.
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку (6, 7, 8, 9 класс) по теме

Meals in Britain                      

     Traditionally English people have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner.

     Breakfast is served in the morning. Nowadays, Britain’s most popular breakfast consists of cereal, toast with marmalade, juice and yogurt with a cup of tea or coffee.

     Lunch is a light meal. Most people have no time to go back home for lunch so they eat at school, cafes, pubs or restaurants.

     The main meal is dinner, which is usually between 6 and 7 p.m. A typical evening meal is a meat dish with vegetables and dessert.

     The most important meal of the week is the Sunday dinner, which is usually eaten at 1 p.m. The traditional Sunday dish is pork, chicken or lamb.

1. Переведите подчеркнутые  в тексте слова.

2. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

1. Englishmen usually have … meals a day.
2. … is a light meal.
3. Breakfast is served in the …
4. The main meal is …
5. The traditional Sunday … is pork, chicken or …

3. Найдите в тексте соответствующие предложения.

1. Завтрак подается утром.
2. Главный прием пищи – обед, который обычно происходит между шестью и семью вечера.
3. Ленч – легкая пища.
4. Традиционно англичане едят три раза в день: завтрак, ленч и обед.
5. Обычная еда вечером – это мясное блюдо с овощами и десерт.

4. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How many meals a day do Englishmen have?
2. What do they eat for breakfast?
3. Where do English people eat lunch?
4. What dishes are served for dinner?
5. What is the most important meal of the week?

                 The Superstitions in Britain

     There are many superstitions in Britain. But one of the most widely-held is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house. It will either bring misfortune to the person that opened it or to the household. The person who opens an umbrella in fine weather is very unpopular. It’s very unlucky to walk under a ladder. If you must pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your finger and keeping them crossed until you’ve seen a dog.

     The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some. And when the 13th day of the month falls on a Friday, most of the people prefer to stay at home.

     The worst misfortune that can befall you is breaking a mirror. That will bring you seven years of bad luck. This superstition is supposed to have originated in ancient times. Because mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. And at last there is a superstition of touching wood for luck. The measure is most often taken if you have said or done something wrong or stupid.

New Words:

superstition - суеверие

 ladder – лестница

misfortune – неудача

mirror – зеркало

measure – мера

wood – дерево

1. Переведите данные слова на английский язык.

зонт; дом; удача; погода; палец; собака; номер; боги; древние времена; месяц; зеркало; суеверие.

2. Найдите соответствующие конструкции в тексте.

1. В Британии существует много суеверий.
2. Человека, открывающего зонтик в хорошую погоду, сторонятся.
3. Если вам придется пройти под лестницей, вы можете избежать неудачи, скрестив пальцы и держа их так, пока не встретится собака.
4. Некоторые считают число 13 неудачным.
5. Но самая большая неудача постигнет тебя, когда ты разобьешь зеркало.
6. Это принесет тебе 7 лет неудач.
7. И последнее: существует привычка касаться дерева на удачу.

3. Какие слова не являются прилагательными?

      unlucky; under; wrong; stupid; often; bad; unpopular; have; ancient; household

Tea is the Most Popular Drink in Britain

      Everyone knows that tea is the most popular drink in Britain. It’s even more popular than coffee, which is favoured throughout Europe and America. The Dutch brought the first tea to Europe in 1610. But it was not until 1658 that the first advertisement for tea appeared in a London newspaper. At that time a pound of the cheapest tea cost about one-third of a skilled worker’s weekly wages. Tea was guarded by the lady of the house and kept in special containers, often with a lock. By 1750 tea had become the principal drink of all the classes in Britain.

      Nowadays, the custom of tea-time continues. Tea-drinking is a fashionable social tradition. Tea in Britain is brewed in a teapot. Then the one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot is added. Most people in Britain prefer a rich, strong cup of tea with milk, and sugar is sometimes added to taste.

New Words:   

the Dutch – голландцы

advertisement – реклама

custom -  обычай

to brew – заваривать

1. Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык.

1. the most popular drink
2. the first tea
3. the cheapest tea
4. a special container
5. the first advertisement for tea
6. the principal drink
7. a fashionable social tradition
8. a rich, strong cup of tea

2. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

1. Tea is the most popular drink in …
2. The … brought the first tea to Europe in 1610.
3. The first … for tea appeared in a London newspaper.
4. … is a fashionable social tradition.
5. Most people prefer a rich, strong … of tea with …

3. Найдите соответствующие предложения в тексте.

1. Все знают, что чай – самый популярный напиток в Британии.
2. В то время фунт чая стоил 1/3 недельной зарплаты хорошего рабочего!
3. Чаепитие является модной общественной традицией.
4. Чай в Британии заваривается в чайничке для заварки.
5. Чай хранился у хозяйки дома и находился в специальных коробочках, часто с замком.

                                   England

      England is the largest and the richest country of Great Britain. The capital of England is London but there are other large industrial cities, such as Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and other famous and interesting cities such as York, Chester, Oxford and Cambridge.

     Chester is very important town in the north-west of England. In Chester there is a famous museum which contains over 5000 ancient and modern toys.

     Oxford is the home of the oldest university of England. The most famous college is Christ Church.

     Cambridge is the home of Britain’s second oldest university.

     York was the capital of Northern England.

     Birmingham is often called the “City of 1,500 trades” because of the great variety of its industries.

 New Words:

famous – знаменитый

ancient – древний

variety – разнообразие

industry – отрасль промышленности

1. Найдите на карте встретившиеся в тексте английские города.
2. Переведите на английский язык предложения.

1. Англия – самая большая и самая богатая страна Великобритании.
2. Честер - очень важный город на северо-западе Англии.
3.  Оксфорд – это родина самого старого университета Англии.
4. Бирмингем часто называют «городом 1500 ремесел» из-за большого количества отраслей промышленности.

3. Вставьте пропущенные буквы.

1. c - - n t r -                        5. c – p – t – l                                  

                          2.   c – t -                              6.  m – s - - m                                                                

                          3.   – n – v – r s – t -             7. v – r - - t -                                                                  

                          4.   h – m -                           8. c – l l – g -                                                  

                       Scotland

      Scotland is a country in the north of Great Britain. Five million people live in Scotland. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, well known for its castle. There are 2 large cities here: Glasgow and Aberdeen. Glasgow is the industrial capital of Scotland, it is the third largest city in the United Kingdom. Glasgow is famous for football teams: Rangers and Celtic. Most people in Glasgow are fans of one of teams.

Glasgow has a busy cultural life. A lot of musicians, actors and singers come to Glasgow to give concerts. In the evenings the opera house, the cinemas and the concert halls are full. In cafes and pubs small groups sing, act, read poetry.

      Scotland is full of mountains and lakes. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis. There are a lot of rivers. The typical products of Scotland are timber, whisky, salmon. Golf is the national sport and comes from Scotland.

      The Scottish flag is a white cross on a blue background. The cross is the cross of Saint Andrew. Saint Andrew was a disciple of Jesus.

     The flower-symbol of Scotland is a thistle.

NEW WORDS:

castle – замок

timber - лесоматериалы

salmon – лососевые рыбы

disciple – ученик

thistle – чертополох

1. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык:

1. The industrial capital
2. A famous football team
3. A busy cultural life
4. The highest mountain
5. The typical products
6. A white cross
7. A blue background

2. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова.

1. The capital of Scotland is …
2. The  Scottish symbol is …
3. … is the national sport in Scotland.
4. Glasgow is famous for football teams: … and …
5. … … is the highest mountain in Scotland.

                                                              WALES

      Wales is the country in the west of Great Britain. It is a mountainous land with a chiefly agricultural economy and an industrial and coal-mining area in the south. The landscape is beautiful. Many English people move to Wales when they retire.

      Cardiff, a large city in the south, was chosen as the capital of Wales in 1955, mainly because of its size. Since 1536, Wales has been governed by England. There is a Welsh National party which wants independence from the United Kingdom and the Welsh language is used in the law courts. It is taught in school and some TV programs are broadcast in Welsh. However, only about 20% of the population speaks Welsh.

      The Welsh flag is a red dragon on a white and green background.

      The flower-symbol of Wales is a daffodil.  

NEW WORDS:

coal-mining area – угледобывающий район

independence – независимость

broadcast – трансляция

background – фон

1. Вставьте пропущенные буквы и переведите слова на русский язык.

p- -pl-; d-ff-d-l; fl-g; l-ng- -g-; -nd-p-nd-nc-; p-p-l-t- -n; s-z-; p-rt-; s- - th; w-st;

-c-n-m-; l-ndsc-p-; c-p-t-l; c-t-; l-nd; c- -ntr-; sch- -l; b-ckgr- -nd.

2. Найдите данные предложения в тексте.

1. Уэльс – это страна на востоке Великобритании.
2. Ландшафт ее прекрасен.
3. Уэльский язык используется в судебном делопроизводстве.
4. Это, главным образом, гористая местность с преобладающей сельскохозяйственной экономикой и промышленным и угледобывающим районом на юге.
5. Только 20% населения говорит на уэльском языке.                                                                         

                                         Northern Ireland

      Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom. It is made up of 6 countries: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Tyrone. One third of the population lives in and around the capital, Belfast. Belfast is the most important port and commercial and industrial centre.

      The Irish population is divided into 2 groups: the Protestants and the Catholics. The Protestants are of British origin. The Catholics are mostly natives of Ireland.

      Northern Ireland has a strong cultural tradition: songs, dances, literature and festivals. It has its own Art Council, and there are orchestras, theatres, ballet and opera companies.

      The Irish are kind and polite people, they welcome strangers. The Irish love to talk. Ireland is a beautiful country with fine lakes, mountains and attractive beaches. It is a very green country. It is green partly because it rains too much.

      Northern Ireland is a country of good butter, good beer and good horses. People come  from all over the world to buy Irish horses, from Europe, from America, from Arab countries and from the Far East.

      The flower-symbol of Northern Ireland is a shamrock.

NEW WORDS:

origin – происхождение

divide – разделять

natives – уроженцы

shamrock – трилистник

1. Переведите письменно подчеркнутые предложения.
2. Найдите в тексте следующие словосочетания.

важный порт; промышленный центр; сильные культурные традиции; добрые и вежливые люди; хорошее пиво; красивая страна; привлекательные пляжи; ирландские лошади; хорошее масло; арабские страны; отличные озера.