МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБОРОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКОЕ СУВОРОВСКОЕ ВОЕННОЕ УЧИЛИЩЕ

СБОРНИК МАТЕРИАЛОВ

для подготовки к экзамену

на квалификацию «Военный переводчик»

Исполнитель:

Руководитель

ОД (иностранный язык)

Тотиева З.Д.

г. Владикавказ, 2015 г.

                      СОДЕРЖАНИЕ:

1.  Методические рекомендации                        - 3

2. Вооруженные силы США                                - 5

3. Военнослужащие сухопутных войск                - 8

4. Мотопехота                                                - 13

5.Мотопехотная рота                                        - 15

6. Мотопехотный батальон                                - 17

7. Бронетанковые войска                                - 20

8. Танковый батальон                                        - 23

9. Артдивизион                                                - 26

10. Наступление                                                - 28

11. Оборона                                                - 30

12. ВВС США                                                - 32

13. Допрос военнопленного                                - 35

14. Список литературы                                        - 37

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

Сборник материалов по военному переводу составлен в соответствии с программой, рекомендованной Управлением военного образования Министерства обороны Российской Федерации.

Сборник материалов предназначен для суворовцев 11 класса и имеет целью ознакомить обучающихся с:

- организационной структурой ВС США, видами ВС, родами войск и службами, соединениями, частями и подразделениями сухопутных войск;

  - основными категориями военнослужащих, воинскими званиями и знаками различия, нумерацией частей и подразделений;

- основными задачами и вооружением мотопехоты, бронетанковых войск и артиллерии;

- организацией, вооружением, численностью мотопехотного батальона, танкового батальона и артдивизиона,  способами ведения ими боевых действий;

- ТТХ БМП, танка и самоходной гаубицы;

- аббревиатурами военных терминов.

- основными видами наступления, задачами и боевым порядком подразделений, формами манёвра в наступлении, организацией взаимодействия подразделений;

- основными видами обороны, задачами и боевым порядком подразделений, организацией района обороны МПБ, средствами усиления;

- стилистическими, лексическими и синтаксическими особенностями американских военных текстов и боевых документов.

Сборник строится по тематическому принципу и охватывает следующие темы:

1. Вооруженные силы США
2. Военнослужащие сухопутных войск США
3. Мотопехота
4. Мотопехотная рота
5. Мотопехотный батальон
6. Бронетанковые войска
7. Танковый батальон
8. Артдивизион
9. Наступление
10. Оборона
11. ВВС США
12. Допрос военнопленного

Текстовой материал сборника сопровождается активным терминологическим минимумом.

Языковой материал отобран с учетом наибольшей частотности его употребления.

При составлении сборника учтены основные дидактические принципы: научности,  системности, доступности, принцип преемственности и нарастания сложности.

Сборник позволяет овладеть основной военной терминологией, а также грамматическими средствами, характерными для американских военных текстов.

Составители данного сборника рекомендуют использовать его как во время аудиторных занятий, так и при самостоятельной подготовке суворовцев к экзамену на квалификацию «Военный переводчик».

US ARMED FORCES

Under the constitution of the United States the President is the Commander – in – Chief of the Armed Forces. The President leads the country and the Armed Forces through the National Security Council and the Department of Defense.

The US Armed Forces consist of three armed services: the US Army, the US Navy and the US Air Force. The US Army is responsible for preparing forces for combat operations on land. The US Nary is responsible for preparing forces for combat operations at sea. The US Air Force is responsible for preparing forces for combat operations in the air.

All the armed services are under the civilian Secretary of Defense who heads the Department of Defense. The military heads of the Departments of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force are their Chiefs of Staff. The Chiefs of Staff form the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

The leading role belongs to the US Army. It is equipped with modern armament. The US Army has its arms and services. The main arms are: Infantry, Artillery and Armor. The main services are the following: the Corps of Engineers, Signal Corps, Military Police Corps, Chemical Corps, Military Intelligence, etc.

There are the following units of the US Army: a squad, a platoon, a company, a battalion, a regiment, a brigade, a division.

АCTIVE TERMS

US ARMY PERSONNEL

The personnel of the US Army consists of three main categories: Enlisted Men, Warrant Officers and Commissioned Officers.

Enlisted Men include Soldiers, Specialists and Noncommissioned officers. Commissioned Officers include Company Officers (a second lieutenant, a first lieutenant, a captain), Field Officers (a major, a lieutenant colonel and a colonel) and General officers (a brigadier general, a major general, a lieutenant general, a general and a general of the Army).

Noncommissioned officers are usually squad leaders or platoon sergeants. The platoon leader is a first or a second lieutenant. The company is commanded by a company commander who is a captain or a major. The rank of a battalion commander is a lieutenant colonel or sometimes a colonel. The brigade commander is a brigadier general. And the division is commanded by a division commander. He is usually a major general.

The servicemen of the US Army have various insignia such as grade insignia, arm or service insignia and others. Recruits and privates have no grade insignia. Noncommissioned officers and privates first class wear stripes. Warrant officers wear bars. Gold and silver bars are grade insignia for company officers, oak leaves and a spread eagle are grade insignia for field officers, silver stars are grade insignia for general officers.

There are several types of uniforms of the US Armed Forces personnel. They are: service, semidress, dress, field or work uniforms.

The main items of the military uniform are: headgear, footgear, service coats, field jackets, service shirts, overcoats, capes, raincoats.

ACTIVE TERMS

US MECHANIZED INFANTRY

The US Infantry is one of the main arms of the US Army.

Its mission is to close with the enemy by fire and maneuver, to destroy or capture him, to hold the positions and repel the enemy attack by close combat or counterattack.

The US Inf fights independently and in cooperation with other arms. It can move by land, sea or air and may fight on foot or by parachute, helicopter, armored personnel carrier or assault boat.

The US Inf has 4 types of divisions: infantry, mechanized infantry, airborne and air assault. The US Inf units are:

a mechanized infantry squad

a mechanized infantry platoon

a mechanized infantry company

a mechanized infantry battalion

a mechanized infantry brigade

a mechanized infantry division

The US Inf is armed with nuclear and conventional weapons,such as:

small arms

grenade launchers

rocket launchers

recoilless rifles

mortars

armored personnel carriers

mechanized infantry combat vehicles

antitank missile launchers

ACTIVE TERMS

1. Mechanized Infantry         - мотопехота

    (Mech Inf)

2. conventional weapons        - обычное оружие
3. nuclear weapons                 - ядерное оружие

   (nucwpns)

4. small arms (SA)                - стрелковое оружие
5. mortar (mort)                - миномет
6. grenade launcher(gr lchr)- гранатомет
7. rocket launcher (rktlchr)        - реактивный гранатомет
8. machine gun (mg)                - пулемет
9. automatic rifle (AR)        - автоматическая винтовка
10. recoilless rifle (RR)        - безоткатное орудие
11. antitank missile launcher- ПТУР

    (AT msllchr)        

12. armored personnel carrier- БТР

    (APC)

13.  mechanized infantry         - БМП

      combat vehicle (MICV)

14.  is armed with                - вооружен
15.  armament                        - вооружение
16.  mobile                        - мобильный
17.  by fire and maneuver        - огнем и маневром
18.  independently                - самостоятельно
19.  in cooperation with        - во взаимодействии с
20.  to fight                        - вести боевые действия
21.  to destroy the enemy        - уничтожить противника
22.  to capture the positions        - захватить позиции
23.  to hold                        - удержать
24.  to repel                        - отражать
25.  to employ, to use         - использовать

26. to close with the enemy        - сблизиться с противником

27. combat (cbt)                - бой

28. airborne division                 - воздушно-десантная

      (Abn Div)                         дивизия

29. air assault division        - воздушно-штурмовая

      (Air As lt Div)                   дивизия

30. armored division                - бронетанковая

      (Armd Div)                        - дивизия

31. on foot                        - в пешем порядке

US MECHANIZED INFANTRY COMPANY

The Mech Inf Co is the basic maneuver element of the Mech Inf Bn. It consists of a Co Hq and 3 Mech Inf Plats. The authorized strength of the Co is 117 men. The Mech Inf Plat is 36 men strong. It is composed of a plat Hq and three squads.

 The Mech Inf Co may fight independently and is employed as a part of a bn in the forward echelon or in the reserve.

The mission of the Mech Inf Co in attack is to destroy the enemy in close combat and to capture its positions. In defense the Mech Inf Co holds its positions and repels the enemy  attack.  The  Co  defense  area  is  1500m  wide  and 1100 m deep.  The Mech Inf Co is armed with:

M60 machine guns        - 9

40 mm grenade launchers        - 18

«Dragon» AT Msl Lchrs        - 9

M2 MICVs        - 13

M16 A1 automatic rifles        - 74

Radio stations                        - 28

The main characteristics of the

M16 Al automatic rifle are:

ACTIVE TERMS

1. maneuver element        - тактическое подразделение
2. basic                                - основной
3. authorized strength        - штатная численность
4. headquarters (Hq)         - штаб
5. Co headquarters( Со Hq)- группа управления роты
6. forward echelon                - 1-й эшелон
7. reserve                        - 2-й эшелон
8. defense (def)                 - оборона
9.  defense area                - район обороны
10.  to equip                        - оснащать
11.  is equipped with                - оснащён
12.  is composed of                - состоит из
13.  is employed as a part of        - выступает в составе
14.  is armed with                - вооружён
15.  main characteristics        - основные ТТХ
16.  weight                        - вес  
17.  sighting range                - прицельная дальность
18.  rate of fire                        - скорострельность
19.  range of fire                - дальность огня
20.  magazine capacity        - емкость магазинов
21.  cartridge                        - патрон
22.  rounds per minute (r p m)- выстрелов в минуту

US MECHANIZED INFANTRY BATTALION

The Mech Inf Bn is the basic combat maneuver unit of the div. It carries out important missions in modern warfare. The Mech Inf Bn is made up of HHC, 4 Mech Inf Cos and AT Co.

The Mech Inf Bn is 869 men strong.

The Mech Inf Bn is armed with:

Bradley M2 MICVs                – 54  

Armd recon vehs                – 6

106.7 mm SP morts                – 6

Tow AT msl lchrs                – 12

Dragon AT msl lchrs                – 36

12.7 mm mgs                         – 42

Radio stations                         – 250

The Mech Inf Bn is employed as a part of a bde and independently. As a rule it is supported by other arms.

The Mech Inf Bn is usually attached with one or two tk cos, one or two 105 mm (155 mm) how btries, recon plat, cbt engr plat and AD sec.

In attack and in defense the Mech Inf Bn may be employed in the forward echelon or in the reserve of the bde. It fights in a main or a secondary direction.

The frontage of the bn in attack is 2 - 3.5 km.

The bn defense area may be 5 km wide and 3 km deep. For transportation purposes mech inf units use  helicopters, planes, armored personnel carriers.

The main characteristics of the Bradley M2 MICV are:

It has 500 horse power diesel engine.

ACTIVE TERMS

US ARMOR

Modern armor is a mobile arm. Its main characteristics are fire power, armor protection and striking power.

The main mission of armor is to close with the enemy and to destroy his manpower and materiel. Its units fight combining fire power, maneuver and shock action. Armor fights independently and in cooperation with other arms.

In attack armor supports Inf and breaks through the enemy defense. In defensе it holds key military objectives and repels the enemy attack. The US Armor is equipped with modern and powerful weapons. "Abrams" M60 Al tank is the main battle tank of the US Armor.

The units of armor are:

armored division (Armd div);

armored brigade (Armd bde);

tank battalion (Tk bn);

tank company (Tk co);

tank platoon (Tk plat);

The smallest tank unit is the tank crew.

Armored divisions are combined armed forces which include tk bns, mech inf bns and service support elements.

The armd div is the principle organization of armor. It can conduct independent  combat operations.

           The div consists of a  HHC,  MP co,   arty  bn, AD bn, cml co, cbt engr bn, sig bn, army avn bn, MI co, recon bn. The armd div also includes 6 tk bns and 4 mech inf bns. The strength of the div is 19 200 men.

The armd  div is armed with:

    tks                - 348                SP hows             - 93

    IFVs     - 334                AT msl lchrs    - 300

    APCs   - 336                Hels                     - 146

ACTIVE TERMS

US TANK BATTALION

        The tk bn is the main combat unit of the Armor. It  is made up of a HHC and 4 tk cos. The authorized strength of the bn is 580 men. Modern  tk bn is equipped  with the latest types of armored materiel. The armament of the bn is the following:

Abrams tks                        - 58

M 113 A1 APCs                 - 8

81 mm SP mortars                 - 6

Armd recon vehs                - 6

Вradley MICVs                 - 1

Radio stations                         - 171

The tk bn usually fights as a part of a bde but it can also accomplish independent msn. In attack the Bn penetrates the fortified enemy defense using its firepower and maneuver. It may be augmented with one or two Мech Inf сos, a recon plat, one or two engr plats. The frontage of the bn  is 3 km.

 In defense the tk bn may  be employed in the forward echelon or in  the  reserve of the bde and may fight independently.

The tk bn is equipped with Abrams tanks. The main characteristics  are:        

weight                             - 63 t                          

top speed                        - 70  km p h                

crew                                - 4 men  

fuel distance                 - 500 km

armor protection           - 300 mm

range of fire                  - 2800 m

The  tk is equipped with one gun and three mgs:  two 7.62 mm mounted coaxailly with the gun and one 12.7 mm installed on the turret.

The tk has a 1500 horse power diesel engine, a lazer range finder, a night vision device. The tk provides CBR protection for the crew.

The tank surmounts the following obstacles:    

ditch                         -  2.75 m

ford                          -  1.22 m

antitank wall            -  1.25 m

ACTIVE TERMS

US ARTILLERY BATTALION

Artillery is an arm of long-range combat. Its main mission is to support other arms (infantry and tanks) by fire. Artillery fire is more powerful than infantry fire and it can influence the course and outcome of combat.

Modern artillery is characterized by long-range destructive power, accuracy, mobility, fire flexibility and moral effect.

Artillery can fire under nuclear and non - nuclear conditions. It can destroy and neutralize enemy defense, fortified positions, troop concentrations, armored fighting vehicles (tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry combat vehicles, self-propelled guns) and other weapons both conventional and nuclear.

Artillery can also disorganize and disrupt enemy communications and supply system.

The two general types of artillery are field artillery and air defense artillery.

The main mission of field artillery is to provide ground fire support of tanks and mechanized infantry units.

Air defense artillery provides air defense of ground forces, important civil and military installations. Air defense artillery is characterized by its ability to deliver timely effective fire on fast moving aerial targets.

Artillery units are armed with guns, howitzers, rockets and missiles.

ACTIVE TERMS

OFFENSIVE

Offensive  is the main type of  combat operations. The mission of offensive action is to destroy the enemy and to capture military objectives. The attacking units employ a combination of fire-power and maneuver to accomplish offensive mission. They use both nuclear and conventional weapons.

Offensive may be prepared beforehand or from the march. It has the following phases: closing with the enemy, penetration, exploitation and pursuit.

In attack the Mech In Bn is employed as a part of a bde. Its units may fight in the forward echelon or in the reserve and attack in a main or a secondary directions.

The Mech Inf Bn is a attached with one or two tk cos, one or two 105 mm how btries, an engr plat and a recon plat.

The bn uses the following formations: the column, the line, the echelon right or left, the wedge or inverted wedge.

The frontage of the bn in attack is 2-3,5 km. It depends on the mission, combat power of the unit, available fire support and the expected resistance. The bn is assigned an initial and a final objectives. They are 3-4 km and 6-8 km respectively from the FEBA.

АCTIVE TERMS

DEFENSE

Defense is a temporary type of combat operations. The main mission of defense is to prevent, repel the enemy attack and to assume the offensive.

There are two types of defense: the mobile defense and the area defense.

In the mobile defense the main forces are concentrated in the strong reserve and minimum forces are in the forward area. The main mission of the mobile defense is to draw the enemy inside the defensive positions, to direct his forces in the necessary direction and destroy the enemy by counterattack.

In the area defense the main forces are concentrated in the FEBA and minimum forces are in the reserve. The main mission of the area defense is to retain the specific terrain, destroy the enemy in front of the FEBA.

Large units (brigades, divisions) are capable of conducting both area and mobile defense. Small units (platoons, companies, battalions) conduct only area defense.

In defense the Mech Inf Bn is employed as a part of a bde and may fight independently. The main mission of the bn is to stop the en in front of the FEBA and repel his attack in coordination with attached and supporting means. The Mech Inf Bn may be attached with two tk cos and an engr plat. The bn uses two echelon formations: two companies forward and one in reserve.

Within the bn def area strong points and blocking positions are organized.

In front of the FEBA between the strong points there are mine fields, trenches and other obstacles.

The bn def area has the frontage of 3 km and the depth of 2.5 km.

АCTIVE TERMS

US AIR FORCE

The Air Force is an important fighting service required in all major operations. It is characterized by speed, mobility, flexibility and penetrative ability.

All elements of the US AF are comprised under the Department of the Air Force headed by a civilian Secretary.

The AF is responsible for organizing, training and equipping AF units for the conduct of air combat operations. The main msn of the AF is to conduct tactical air operations  in cooperation with ground forces. The AF must provide air transport for the armed forces and carry out specialized missions such as an aerial reconnaissance, etc.

The US AF has the following levels of command:

1. A flight is the smallest AF organization consisting of two or more planes.

2. A squadron is the smallest unit with both tactical and administrative functions. It includes a HQ and two or more flights. A sqdn is tactically comparable to an Inf Bn.

3. A group consists of a HQ and two or four sqdns  and may be tactical (having flying sqdns) or support (having non-flying sqdns). The tactical group is comparable to an inf regiment.

4. Two or more groups constitute a wing. The wing is capable of conducting completely independent operations.

5. An air division normally includes from two to five wings and the Div HQ.

Military aircraft are: bombers, fighter-bombers, attack aircraft, fighters, observation aircraf, reconnaissance aircraft, cargo aircraft, tankers, etc.

The US aircraft are in service in many countries. The AF of Norway, Holland, Belgium are equipped with F-16 fighter.

It has the following characteristics:

crew                                 - 1 man

max flight speed                    - 2100 kmph

ferry range                             - 3890 km

max take off weight             - 15300 kg

service ceiling                      - 16000 m

bomb load                           - 5000 kg

АCTIVE TERMS

INTERROGATION OF A PRISONER OF WAR

1. What is your name grade and post?

Ваше имя, звание, должность?

2. Where do you serve?

Где вы служите?

3. What unit do you belong to?

К какому подразделению вы относитесь?

4. What is the designation of your unit?

Каков номер вашего подразделения?

5. What is the mission of your unit?

Какова задача вашего подразделения?

6. How strong is your unit?

Какова численность вашего подразделения?

7. What is your unit armed with?

Чем вооружено ваше подразделение?

8. Who is your unit cmdr?

Кто командир вашего подразделения?

9. Where are the positions of your unit located?

Где расположены позиции вашего подразделения?

10. What are your losses?

Каковы ваши потери?

11. What are your losses in manpower and materiel?

Каковы ваши потери в живой силе и технике?

12. Who is your right (left) hand neighbour?

Кто ваш сосед справа (слева)?

13. Have you got replacement?

Вы получили пополнение?

14. When and where were you taken prisoner?

Когда и где вы были взяты в плен?

15. How does your unit fight?

      Как ведет боевые действия ваше подразделение

16. What are the attached units?

      Каковы приданные подразделения?

17. How is FEBA organized?

      Как оборудован передний край района обороны?

18. What initial (final) objective is your unit assigned?

      Какая ближайшая (последующая) задача назначается

      вашему подразделению?

19. What is the frontage of your unit in defense?

      Какова ширина фронта вашего подразделения в

      обороне?

20. What is the formation of your unit in attack?

      Каков боевой порядок вашего подразделения в

      наступлении?

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1.  Спажев Ю.А., Филиппов А.А.

     Курс военного перевода

     Москва – 1964 г.

2.  Нелюбин Л.Л.

     Учебник военного перевода

     Москва – 1991 г.

3.  Дормидонтов А.А.

    Учебник военного перевода

     Москва – 1972 г.

4.  Нелюбин Л.Л.

          Частотный англо-русский военный словарь -  

           минимум

      Москва – 1994 г.

5.  Сафонов А.И.

          Сборник учебных материалов для кафедр

          иностранных языков.

          Москва – 1988 г.

6.  Глузкин В.М., Зильберг Л.И.

     Английский язык

     Москва – 1986 г.