Написание личного письма и эссе
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (7, 8, 9, 10, 11 класс) по теме

• Раздел: Личное письмо
• Тип урока: Ознакомление/ Введение
• Формы организации обучения: общеклассная (фронтальная)

• Раздел: Личное письмо
• Тип урока: Ознакомление/ Введение
• Формы организации обучения: общеклассная (фронтальная), парная

Прочитайте письмо и восстановите параграфы

• Напишите письмо полными законченными предложениями.

• Напишите письмо-совет вашему другу. Используйте данную информацию.

          Dear  Alex,

I'm  sorry  to  hear  that  you're  worried  about  your  exams.  Here’s  some  advice.

First you should, …………………………………………………………………

………………………………because you will…………………………………

Second, you should………………………………………………………………

Also, you…………………………………………………………………………

вecause……………………………………………………………………………

Finally, …………………………………………………………………………

вecause………………………………………………………………………….

I hope my advice is of some help to you. Good luck!

        Best wishes,

         Angela.

• Раздел: Личное письмо
• Тип урока: Применение
• Формы организации обучения: индивидуальная

№ 1

C-1

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Mary who writes

Write a letter to Mary. In your letter tell her  about your home town, ask 3 questions about celebrations and festivals in her country

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

№ 2

C-1

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Roger who is going to buy a pet. He writes

Write a letter to Roger. In your letter tell him  how you spend summer holidays, ask 3 questions about popular sports in his country

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

№ 3

C-1

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Liza who is going to join a Drama club. She writes

Write a letter to Liza. In your letter tell her  about your new house, ask 3 questions about her visit to America

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

№ 4

C-1

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend John who is taking part in a running contest next week. He writes

Write a letter to John.  In your letter tell him how you keep fit, ask 3 questions about his interests

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Опорные фразы

Useful expressions and linking words/phrases

• to list and add points: In the first place, To start/begin with, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally, In addition (to this), Furthermore, Moreover, Besides, etc.
• to introduce or list advantages: The main/first/most important advantage of.... One/Another/An additional advantage of.... One point of view in favour of.... It is often suggested/ believed/argued that.... Some/Many people suggest/feel argue that..., Some/ Many people are in favour of /are convinced that... etc.
• to introduce or list disadvantages: The main/most important disadvantage/ drawback of.... One/Another/An additional disadvantage of.... One point/argument against.... Some/Many people are against... , etc.
• to introduce examples/reasons/results: for example/instance, such as, like, in particular, therefore, for this reason, because, as, since, as a result, etc.
• to show contrast: On the other hand, However, still, but, Nonetheless, Nevertheless, Although, Even though, Despite/In spite of (the fact  that), etc.
• to introduce a conclusion: In conclusion, To conclude/sum up, All in all, Finally, Lastly, All things considered, Taking everything

• Read the article below and fill in the missing topic sentences. Then, list the points for and against rock-climbing. Finally, use this information and write an essay.

Topic Sentences        

1. On the other hand, rock-climbing can sometimes be dangerous.
2. Rock-climbing is my favourite sport.
3. In conclusion, I believe that, although rock-climbing can be dangerous, it is a fantastic sport.
4. There are several reasons why rock-climbing is such a popular sport.

         There is nothing I like better than being outdoors, standing high up on  

       a mountain and looking down at the rest  of the world.

          To start with, it is very exciting because you can explore many        

        interesting places. It is also good exercise, as it helps you keep fit and healthy. It's relaxing, too! Being out in the fresh air can help you forget your everyday problems.

       For example, you have to be very careful and well-trained to avoid    

    having an accident. It is also rather expensive, as the equipment

      costs quite a lot of money.

         lt is the perfect way to exercise and travel around the countryside at the  

     same time. Try it and see

Аргументированное эссе «за» и «против».

A shortage of money is one of teenagers’ problems. There is an opinion that teens can solve it getting a part-time job. What can you say for and against having a part-time job in Russia?

Look at the list of points below and divide them into pros and cons

Pros and Cons

1. It is difficult to find a part-time job.
2. Teens can be independent of their parents.
3. It can be very tiring.
4. Teens are paid too little.
5. It is a great experience.
6. Teens can become more confident.

Match the relevant points above to the justifications below, then make sentence using appropriate linking words/phrases.

1. … high school students are very busy at school and they have to do much homework.
2. … it can be easier for them to meet people.
3. … most companies want to employ workers with high qualifications.
4. … they can not cover their expenses.
5. … they can pay for extra clothes, tapes, books and other necessary  things themselves.
6. … that can help them in their future lives.

Аргументированное эссе «за» и «против».

Many people feel fast food is a good alternative to cooking for yourself. Others think it is not as beneficial as it is said.

What can you say for and against fast food eating?

Look at the list of points below and divide them into pros and cons

Pros and Cons

1. Fast food saves time and energy.
2. Fast food is high in fat and salt.
3. Many ingredients are genetically modified.
4. Many fast-food restaurants offer excellent service and friendly atmosphere.
5. It is delicious and attractive.
6. It is expensive.

Match the relevant points above to the justifications below, then make sentence using appropriate linking words/phrases.

a)  … It is unhealthy  and may lead to different diseases.

b) …  It is a solution for people with busy life.

3. … We do not know how dangerous they may be. For example, people can develop allergies to food which has been genetically engineered.
4. … Dishes are usually well-cooked and freshly made. They are tasty.
5. … People with low income can not afford to eat at fast food restaurants very often. It is more economical for them to cook for themselves.
6. … Eating at fast-food restaurants is a good way to relax and enjoy the meal.

Аргументированное эссе «за» и «против».

1. Many people do their shopping at a supermarket. Some people prefer going to a smaller local shop.

What can you tell for and against doing shopping at a supermarket?

Pros and cons:

1. Supermarkets are often located in the centre of a town. There is always no place to park your car.
2. Supermarkets have variety of products. It’s easier for customers to find what they want.
3. Supermarkets are often crowded. People have to queue up at a cash-desk for some time. It can be a bit tiring.
4. Supermarkets are more economical than small shops. They offer goods at cheaper prices.
5. They open longer hours than small shops. It is convenient for customers who work during the day.
6. Supermarkets offer impersonal service. There is no relationship between staff and customers.

Аргументированное эссе «за» и «против».

Travelling by train is thought to be comfortable and fast. Sometimes this is may not be the case.

What can you tell for and against traveling abroad?

Look at the list of points below and divide them into pros and cons

Pros and Cons

7. It is impossible to have a shower in many Russian trains.
8. Modern trains have very comfortable seats.
9. Travelling by train is thought to be the least dangerous way.
10. People have to share compartment with unknown people.
11. People can see interesting places of the country you are traveling through.
12. It is slower than traveling by air.

Match the relevant points above to the justifications below, then make sentence using appropriate linking words/phrases.

7. … Some of them can be unpleasant or unfriendly.
8. … People can enjoy the beauty of nature, various landscapes, the views of villages and cities.
9. … There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable.
10. … It can be tiring if you travel for long distances.
11. … There have been few train crashes for the last year in our country.
12. … It is very uncomfortable, especially in summer.

Аргументированное эссе «за» и «против».

(карточка для учащихся с высокими учебными возможностями)

Young people are much more carefree as they have fewer responsibilities than older people. Older people tend to prefer peace and quietness whereas young people usually seek adventure and excitement.

Share your opinion what is better: to be young or to be old?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

-        make an introduction (state the problem)

-        express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

-        give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you

             don’t agree with it

-        draw a conclusion

Аргументированное эссе «за» и «против».

(карточка для учащихся с низкими учебными возможностями)

Young people are much more carefree as they have fewer responsibilities than older people. Older people tend to prefer peace and quietness whereas young people usually seek adventure and excitement.

Share your opinion what is better: to be young or to be old?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

-        make an introduction (state the problem)

-        express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

-        give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you

             don’t agree with it

-        draw a conclusion

• Look at the list of points below and divide them into advantages and disadvantages.

1. cycling is an inexpensive form of transport

2. fumes from cars and lorries are bad for your health

3. there are lots of different bicycles in the shops

4. cycling helps you to stay fit

5. cycling on busy roads is not very safe

6. my cousins go cycling at weekends

7. cycling is an environmentally-friendly way to travel

• Then, make sentences using appropriate linking words/phrases.

A. it is a good form of exercise, particularly for the legs, heart and lungs

B. it does not create air pollution

C. you do not have to spend money on things such as petrol or costly repairs

D. drivers do not always give way to cyclists

E. there is a limit to the distance a cyclist can reasonably travel in

F. in some cities the fumes are so bad that cyclists have to wear masks to

• Use this information to write your essay on the advantages and disadvantages of cycling as a means of transport (200-250 words).

• Should children use the Internet? Read the points (1-6) and mark them as P (pros) or C (cons).

1 The net is part of our world, so children need to use it.

2 Many use it for playing games, not for learning.

3 They learn about other countries and cultures.

4 They can meet people from all over the world.

      5 Some web sites are not suitable for children.

      6 They can make friends in faraway places.

• Read the topic sentences. Which: states the topic and main viewpoints ❑; introduces points for ❑; introduces points against ❑; sums up the topic and gives an opinion ❑ ?

1. On the other hand, some people are against letting children surf the net on their own.

2. The Internet is a great learning tool for children, but what about the problems and dangers if children are allowed to surf the net on their own?

3 .Many people are in favour of children using the Internet.

4. The Internet offers many advantages, but children should be supervised when they're using it, and parents must teach them how to use it properly.

• Use the information above and the plan below to write a

for-and-against essay (200-250 words) about whether children should use the Internet.

Plan

Introduction

Para 1:        state the topic

Main Body

Para 2:        points for children using the Internet

Para 3:        points against children using the Internet

Conclusion

Para 4:        sum up the advantages & disadvantages

• Раздел: Эссе
• Тип урока: Закрепление/Тренировка, Применение
• Формы организации обучения:  (индивидуальная)

For

1. We can learn some interesting things and see them on the screen of the TV.
2. It enriches our intellect, gives us opportunities to see the best actors or sportsmen, to hear the latest news, to listen to political discussions.
3. TV gives wonderful possibilities for education and helps to relax after a day work.
4. We can learn more of other countries, customs, occupations, opinions and problems.
5. Some TV programmes help prepare for school.

Against

1. TV leads to poor health through rushed meals, lack of sleep, eyestrain.
2. People begin to forget the art of conversation and sit glued to the TV screen instead of visiting their friends and relatives.
3. Many children forget to read books, making TV their main leisure activity.
4. There is too much violence on TV. Teenagers can become aggressive.

for

against

1. It teaches to think. It improves your memory and develops logical thinking.
2. It is helpful in everyday life. A person can count money, plan family budget.
3. If a person do not do well in Maths he or she can not get into the university because it is the compulsory subject.

1. Contrary to popular beliefs Maths is boring to study.
2. There is no point in learning all those mathematical formulas. They are unnecessary for most people in everyday life.
3. Children do not need to study Maths if they want to do calculations. Modern calculators can help them.

For

1. It is a good way to improve the knowledge of a foreign language.
2. Expand outlook because people learn more about traditions and customs of that country.
3. Can develop such personal traits as independence, sociability and how to get on well with people.

Against

1. Can miss friends and relatives.
2. It can be difficult to get used to another way of life.
3. Can have problems with understanding if a person can not speak a foreign language properly.

For

1. Knowledge of any foreign language gives the possibility to find a better job.
2. If a person knows a foreign language he can read books in the original.
3. People who know foreign languages can make friends abroad easily.
4. It is useful when people travel.

Against

1. It is hard to study languages. As a rule pronunciation and grammar differ much from a person’s native language.
2. It takes too much time and energy.
3. There are far more important subjects at school than Foreign languages which are useful in every day life.
4. Not all children need a foreign language in their future life.

For

1. It gives a person an opportunity to practice his or her writing.
2. A person can learn more about  customs, traditions and culture of the country. This information can be very helpful in learning a language.
3. A person can read fast and express himself or herself effectively.

Against

1. A person do not practice his or her speaking.
2. A person needs to go to the post office which takes time or use an e-mail which is expensive.
3. There is no a teacher near who can check a letter for mistakes and help her pupil to correct them.

For

1. It is interesting. It can motivate a language learner.
2. A language learner can make notes while reading. It is useful and helpful.
3. A person can read aloud, use a dictionary. It helps to improve his reading skills

Against

1. It is a problem to buy a book or a newspaper in a foreign language in our town.
2. It is tiring. Reading takes much time.
3. If a person reads a lot it can lead to eyestrain.

For

1. A language learner can develop his listening skills.
2. It is exciting and interesting. It can motivate a language learner.
3. A language learner can listen to different accents of actors. It is a good training.

Against

1. It is not easy to find a good film in a foreign language.
2. The sound of some films is of low quality. So a language learner can have difficulties in catching the meaning.
3. It is impossible to practice speaking skills, because a language leaner only watches and listens.

For

1. Chinese is spoken by more than 1 billion people.
2. Our country widely develops partnership with China.
3. China is very popular with tourists these days.

Against

1. It’s a very difficult language.
2. Chinese is not as popular as any other European language.
3. There are not many teachers of Chinese and the lessons are expensive.

For

1. Studying abroad gives a person more possibilities to get a job abroad with a good salary.
2. It is a good way to improve the knowledge of a foreign language.
3. A person can meet many interesting people and make friends abroad that can be very helpful.

Against

1. It is very expensive. Parents have to pay for their child’s education and accommodation.
2. It is very difficult and takes time to get used to a way of life of people in a foreign country.
3. A student can have difficulties in studies if his knowledge of a foreign language is not very good.

For

1. If a person has the possibility to read  e-books, he does not need to go to the library and look for a necessary book there. It can save his time.
2. Ordinary books need a lot of space. People have to buy bookcases and bookshelves. A person needs only a computer for e-books.
3. There is too much dust on books and people can develop allergies. That is why e-books are better.

Against

1. E-books are much more expensive than ordinary books.
2. It takes much longer for us to read on net. As a result people have to spend more time in font of a screen that can lead to eyestrain.
3. A person can not carry e-books around with him in the same way he can with traditional books. So he can not the possibility to  read e-books in public transport on his way to work.

For

1. Advertisements are funny and full of humour. Watching them is the best way of entertainment.
2. They teach people how to get the best value for their money.
3. They help people to choose best products.
4. They help to improve taste.
5. They help people be informed of new products.

Against

1. They put pressure on consumers and convince people to buy things they do not need.
2. They do not talk about defects of products.
3. They make people buy one thing instead of another.
4. Advertised products are impossible to check.
5. Commercials are annoying because they interrupt programs too often.

for

against

1. Many people prefer bus travels because bus tickets do not cost too much. So it can be very economical.
2. It is comfortable to enjoy the views from the bus window. A person can easily take pictures from his place.
3. Bus travel is comfortable (convenient) when you go sightseeing in rainy weather. A person can not get wet.
4. It is faster to get to any place than traveling on foot. A person can spend more time sightseeing.

1. Busses are stuffy. It is dull when it hot outside.
2. It can be very tiring if a person travels for long distances. A person can not walk in it, he or she can only sit. So people with long legs can find it very uncomfortable . It is inconvenient to sleep in a bus if a person travels at night.
3. It keeps stopping at traffic lights. In big cities there is always traffic jam and buses keeps stopping at traffic lights. People have spend more time to get to any place at rush hours.

For

Against

1. A healthy and well-balanced life helps a person be fit and active.
2. Dieting is one of the perfect ways to lose weight. If a person follows a diet he or she is more likely to stay slim.
3. Dieting saves people’s money and time. Many diets include different salads which can be prepared in a short period of time. Meat which is more expensive than vegetables is also cut out in many popular diets.

1. Some diets are very harmful for health. People can get ill or even die if they follow a dangerous diet.
2. Dieting can be very stressful and irritating. A person on a diet always has to be careful with what he or she eats. He or she has to count calories or cut out some products he or she likes from the meal.