Holidays in English-speaking countries
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (8 класс) на тему
Использование на уроках англ языка
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Content 1.Britain 2.The USA -Christmas - Thanksgiving day -April Fools’ Day - Independence Day - Women’s day - Halloween - Boxing Day - New Year -Guy Fawkes Night - Veterans Day
4.Australia 3. Canada - Easter -Australia Day National Patriots' Day - Canberra Day Remembrance Day - Day of -Victoria Day Commonwealth - Father's Day 5. New Zealand -Labour Day -Waitangi Day Content
Christmas Christmas (Old English: Crīstesmasse , meaning "Christ's Mass") is an annual commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ and a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated generally on December by billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it closes the Advent season and initiates the twelve days of Christmastide, which ends after the twelfth night. Christmas is a civil holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians, and is an integral part of the Christmas and holiday season.
While the birth year of Jesus is estimated among modern historians to have been between 7 and 2 BC, the exact month and day of his birth are unknown. His birth is mentioned in two of the four canonical gospels. By the early-to-mid 4th century, the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date later adopted in the East, although some churches celebrate on the December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which corresponds to January in the modern-day Gregorian calendar. The date of Christmas may have initially been chosen to correspond with the day exactly nine months after early Christians believed Jesus to have been conceived, or with one or more ancient polytheistic festivals that occurred near southern solstice (i.e., the Roman winter solstice); a further solar connection has been suggested because of a biblical verse[a] identifying Jesus as the "Sun of righteousness".
The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pagan, pre-Christian, Christian, and secular themes and origins Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving, Christmas music and caroling, an exchange of Christmas cards, church celebrations, a special meal, and the display of various Christmas decorations, including Christmas trees, Christmas lights, nativity scenes, garlands, wreaths, mistletoe, and holly. In addition, several closely related and often interchangeable figures, known as Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, and Christkind , are associated with bringing gifts to children during the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore.
April Fools' Day (sometimes called April Fool's Day or All Fools' Day ) is celebrated every year on the first day of April. Popular since the 19th century, the day is not a national holiday in any country, but it is well known in Europe, Australia, Brazil and the United States, and it is celebrated as a day when people play practical jokes and hoaxes on each other. The jokes and their victims are known as "April fools". Hoax stories may be reported by the press and other media on this day and explained on subsequent days. The earliest recorded association between April 1 and foolishness can be found in Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales (1392). Many writers suggest that the restoration of January 1 as New Year's Day in the 16th century was responsible for the creation of the holiday, but this theory does not explain earlier references.
International Women's Day ( IWD ), also called International Working Women's Day , is celebrated on March 8 every year. In different regions the focus of the celebrations ranges from general celebration of respect, appreciation and love towards women to a celebration for women's economic, political, and social achievements. Started as a Socialist political event, the holiday blended in the culture of many countries, primarily in Europe, including Russia. In some regions, the day lost its political flavor, and became simply an occasion for men to express their love for women in a way somewhat similar to a mixture of Mother's Day and Valentine's Day . In other regions, however, the political and human rights theme designated by the United Nations runs strong, and political and social awareness of the struggles of women worldwide are brought out and examined in a hopeful manner. This is a day which some people celebrate by wearing purple ribbons.
The exact etymology of the term " boxing day " is unclear . There are several competing theories , none of which is definitive . The European tradition , which has long included giving money and other gifts to those who were needy and in service positions , has been dated to the Middle Ages , but the exact origin is unknown . It is believed to be in reference to the Alms Box placed in places of worship to collect donations to the poor . Also , it may come from a custom in the late Roman / early Christian era , wherein metal boxes placed outside churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the Feast of Saint Stephen , which in the Western Church falls on the same day as Boxing Day . In Britain , it was a custom for trades people to collect " Christmas boxes " of money or presents on the first weekday after Christmas as thanks for good service throughout the year . This is mentioned in Samuel Pepys ' diary entry for 19 December 1663. This custom is linked to an older English tradition : since they would have to wait on their masters on Christmas Day , the servants of the wealthy were allowed the next day to visit their families . The employers would give each servant a box to take home containing gifts and bonuses , and maybe sometimes leftover food
Guy Fawkes Night , also known as Guy Fawkes Day , Bonfire Night and Firework Night , is an annual commemoration observed on 5 November , primarily in Great Britain . Its history begins with the events of 5 November 1605, when Guy Fawkes , a member of the Gunpowder Plot , was arrested while guarding explosives the plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords . Celebrating the fact that King James I had survived the attempt on his life , people lit bonfires around London , and months later the introduction of the Observance of 5th November Act enforced an annual public day of thanksgiving for the plot's failure . Guy Fawkes Night
Thanksgiving day (eng. Thanksgiving Day is a public holiday in the United States and Canada, celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States. From this day begins the holiday season, which includes Christmas and lasts until the New year.
Thanksgiving Day has been an annual holiday in the United States since 1863. Not everyone sees Thanksgiving Day as a cause for celebration. Each year since 1970, a group of Native Americans and their supporters have staged a protest for a National Day of Mourning at Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts on Thanksgiving Day. American Indian Heritage Day is also observed at this time of the year. There are claims that the first Thanksgiving Day was held in the city of El Paso, Texas in 1598. Another early event was held in 1619 in the Virginia Colony. Many people trace the origins of the modern Thanksgiving Day to the harvest celebration that the Pilgrims held in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. However, their first true thanksgiving was in 1623, when they gave thanks for rain that ended a drought. These early thanksgivings took the form of a special church service, rather than a feast. In the second half of the 1600s, thanksgivings after the harvest became more common and started to become annual events. However, it was celebrated on different days in different communities and in some places there were more than one thanksgiving each year. George Washington, the first president of the United States, proclaimed the first national Thanksgiving Day in 1789.
Independence day USA (eng. Independence Day - the day of the signing of the U.S. Declaration of independence in 1776, which proclaims the independence of the United States from the Kingdom of great Britain is celebrated in the United States of America on July 4. Independence day is considered the birthday of the United States as a free and independent country. Most Americans call the holiday just on date - "Fourth of July". The festival is accompanied by fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family meetings, appeals politicians to the people, and ceremonies, as well as other public and private events, traditional for the United States. Independence day is the national holiday of the United States. Independence Day in the USA
Halloween Halloween is usually celebrated amongst family, friends and, sometimes, co-workers. However, some areas hold large community events. Parties and other events may be planned on October 31 or in the weekends before and after this date. Adults may celebrate by watching horror films, holding costume parties or creating haunted houses or graveyards. Many children dress up in fancy costumes and visit other homes in the neighborhood. At each house, they demand sweets, snacks or a small gift. If they do not get this, they threaten to do some harm to the inhabitants of the house. This is known as playing 'trick-or-treat' and is supposed to happen in a friendly spirit, with no nasty or mean tricks being carried out. However, if your children take part, it is important to accompany them and to check their 'treats' to make sure they are safe to eat or play with.
New year in the usa The start of New Year's Day, at midnight, is heralded by fireworks, parties and special events, which are often televised. Very few people have to work on the day itself. For many it is a day of recovery from the New Year's Eve celebrations the previous night. In some towns and cities, parades are held and special football games are played. The birth of the first baby in the New Year is often celebrated with gifts to his or her parents and appearances in local newspapers and on local news shows. Many people make New Year's resolutions. These are usually promises to themselves that they will improve something in their own lives. Common New Year's resolutions are to stop smoking or drinking alcohol, to lose weight, exercise more or to live a healthier lifestyle .
In the USA, Veterans Day annually falls on November 11. This day is the anniversary of the signing of the armistice, which ended the World War I hostilities between the Allied nations and Germany in 1918. Veterans are thanked for their services to the United States on Veterans Day.
Holidays in Canada
Easter Easter is a religious holiday that commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ after his death by crucifixion. For Christians, Easter is a day of religious services and family gatherings. Easter Day is a popular day for attending church, getting together for a big family meal, and staging an Easter egg hunt. It is also a good time for people to decorate Easter eggs, join in Easter craft contests and to indulge in holiday recipes, such as mustard-crusted lamb and the Easter basket cake. The Bal en Blanc’s main event is held every Easter Sunday, attracting thousands of partygoers every year in Montreal.
National Patriots' Day ( French : Journée nationale des patriotes ) is a statutory holiday observed annually in the Canadian province of Quebec , on the Monday preceding 25 May. The holiday was instated by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec - in-Council in 2003, according to the then Premier of Quebec Bernard Landry : "to underline the importance of the struggle of the patriots of 1837–1838 for the national recognition of our people, for its political liberty and to obtain a democratic system of government." Before 2003, the Monday preceding 25 May of each year was unofficially the Fête de Dollard , a commemoration initiated in the 1920s to coincide with Victoria Day , a federal holiday occurring annually on the same date.
Remembrance Day in Canada I In Canada, Remembrance Day is a statutory holiday in all three territories and in six of the ten provinces ( Nova Scotia , Manitoba , Ontario , and Quebec being the exceptions). From 1921 to 1930, the Armistice Day Act provided that Thanksgiving would be observed on Armistice Day, which was fixed by statute on the Monday of the week in which 11 November fell. In 1931, the federal parliament adopted an act to amend the Armistice Day Act , providing that the day should be observed on 11 November and that the day should be known as Remembrance Day . A bill (C-597) intended to make Remembrance Day a federal statutory holiday is currently before the House of Commons . The federal department of Veterans Affairs Canada states that the date is of "remembrance for the men and women who have served, and continue to serve our country during times of war, conflict and peace"; specifically, the First and Second World Wars, the Korean War , and all conflicts since then in which members of the Canadian Forces have participated. The department runs a program called Canada Remembers with the mission of helping young and new Canadians, most of whom have never known war, "come to understand and appreciate what those who have served Canada in times of war, armed conflict and peace stand for and what they have sacrificed for their country."
Victoria Day in Canada
Victoria Day (in French: Fête de la Reine ) is a federal Canadian public holiday celebrated on the last Monday before May 25, in honour of Queen Victoria 's birthday. The date is also, simultaneously, that on which the current reigning Canadian sovereign 's official birthday is recognized. It is sometimes informally considered as marking the beginning of the summer season in Canada. The holiday has been observed since before Canada was formed, originally falling on the sovereign's actual birthday, and continues to be celebrated in various fashions across the country on the fixed date; the holiday has always been a distinctly Canadian observance. It is a federal statutory holiday , as well as being a holiday in six of Canada's ten provinces and all three of its territories. In Quebec , the same day was unofficially known as Fête de Dollard from the Quiet Revolution until 2003, when provincial legislation officially created National Patriots' Day on the same date as Victoria Day.
Holidays in Australia
Australia Day Australia Day is the official national day of Australia . Celebrated annually on 26 January, it marks the anniversary of the 1788 arrival of the First Fleet of British Ships at Port Jackson , New South Wales , and raising of the Flag of Great Britain at that site by Governor Arthur Phillip . In present-day Australia, celebrations reflect the diverse society and landscape of the nation, and are marked by community and family events, reflections on Australian history, official community awards, and citizenship ceremonies welcoming new immigrants into the Australian community. The meaning and significance of Australia Day has evolved over time. Unofficially, or historically, the date has also been variously named "Anniversary Day", "Invasion Day", "Foundation Day", and " ANA Day".26 January 1788 marked the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Australia (then known as New Holland ). Although it was not known as Australia Day until over a century later, records of celebrations on 26 January date back to 1808, with the first official celebration of the formation of New South Wales held in 1818. On New Years Day 1901, the British colonies of Australia formed a Federation , marking the birth of modern Australia. A national day of unity and celebration was looked for. It was not until 1935 that all Australian states and territories had adopted use of the term "Australia Day" to mark the date, and not until 1994 that the date was consistently marked by a public holiday on that day by all states and territories. In contemporary Australia, the holiday is marked by the presentation of the Australian of the Year Awards on Australia Day Eve, announcement of the Australia Day Honours list and addresses from the Governor-General and Prime Minister . It is an official public holiday in every state and territory of Australia, unless it falls on a weekend in which case the following Monday becomes a public holiday instead. With community festivals, concerts and citizenship ceremonies, the day is celebrated in large and small communities and cities around the nation. Australia Day has become the biggest annual civic event in Australia
Canberra Day Canberra Day is a public holiday held annually on the second Monday in March in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) to celebrate the official naming of Canberra . Canberra was named at a ceremony on 12 March 1913 by Lady Denman , the wife of the then Governor-General Lord Denman . In 2012 Canberra Day falls on 12 March . In 2013 it falls on 11 March . On 3 March 2007, ACT Minister Andrew Barr introduced a bill to change the day of Canberra Day to the second Monday in March so it falls closer more often to the actual birthday of Canberra. Previously it had been held on the third Monday in March. Annual events associated with Canberra Day include the Canberra Festival , which runs from 11-20 March 2011, the Chief Minister's Canberra Day Awards Ceremony, and the Canberra Festival Balloon Spectacular.
Day of the Commonwealth and Australia
Commonwealth Day is the annual celebration of the Commonwealth of Nations held on the second Monday in March, and marked by a multi-faith service in Westminster Abbey , normally attended by Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth , with the Commonwealth Secretary-General and Commonwealth High Commissioners in London. The Queen delivers an address to the Commonwealth, broadcast throughout the world. [1] In the year before the quadrennial Commonwealth Games , the Queen starts the Queen's Baton Relay on Commonwealth Day at Buckingham Palace , handing the baton to the first relay runner to start a journey that will end at the Opening Ceremony of the upcoming Games. While it has a certain official status, Commonwealth Day is not a public holiday in most Commonwealth countries, and there is little public awareness of it.
Father's Day in Australia Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, though it is also celebrated widely on other days by many other countries. Father's Day was created to complement Mother's Day , celebration that honors mothers and motherhood. In Australia, Father's Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of September, which is the first Sunday of Spring in Australia, and is not a public holiday. YMCA Victoria continues the tradition of honoring the role fathers, and father figures play in parenting through the annual awarding of Local Community Father of the Year in 32 municipalities in Victoria. The Father's Day Council of Victoria annually recognize fathers in the Father of the Year Award
Labour Day in New Zealand
In New Zealand, Labour Day is a public holiday held on the fourth Monday in October. Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly founded Wellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell 's refusal to work more than eight hours a day. He encouraged other tradesmen also to work for only eight hours a day and in October 1840, a workers' meeting passed a resolution supporting the idea. On October 28, 1890, the 50th anniversary of the eight-hour day was commemorated with a parade. The event was then celebrated annually in late October as either Labour Day or Eight-Hour Demonstration Day . In 1899 government legislated that the day be a public holiday from 1900. The day was celebrated on different days in different provinces. This led to ship owners complaining that seamen were taking excessive holidays by having one Labour Day in one port then another in their next port. In 1910 the government stipulated that the holiday would be observed on the same day throughout the nation.
Waitangi Day in New Zealand
Waitangi Day is celebrated in New Zealand every year on 6th February. The day marks the signing of the Waitangi Treaty in 1840. Waitangi Treaty gave the Maori Tribes of New Zealand autonomy of their land and signed a pact between the British and the Maori Tribes for transferring ownership of the land of the tribes. The Waitangi Treaty is also called the founding treaty of New Zealand. The treaty was signed in what is now known as the Treaty House in Waitangi. The treaty accepted New Zealand as a part of the British Empire while giving them the rights to their land. However, the signing of the treaty was not followed by immediate celebrations. In fact, there was a lot of disagreement between the English and the Maori version of the agreement. The first celebration took place on 29th January, 1934, when the treaty actually got signed. On 6th February 1934, the Treaty House was officially made a public reserve .
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