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St. Andrew's Anglican Church

St Andrew's Anglican Church in Moscow is the main Anglican church in Russia . There are three churches (in Vladivostok, Saint-Petersburg and Moscow). St. Andrew's Anglican Church is built in  Victorian Gothic style. It continues the tradition of Anglican worship in Moscow that started in 1553 when Tsar Ivan the Terrible first allowed the English merchants of the Russia Company  to worship according to their own beliefs. A library, a meeting room, archive are housed in the Church building. The Russia Company, now operating mainly for charitable purposes, continues to support the Anglican Church in Moscow financially through the congregation of St Andrew's. During the October Revolution in 1917 the church tower was used as a machine gun post by the Bolsheviks. The church was confiscated in 1920 and the chaplain expelled from Russia. During Soviet rule the church and parsonage were used as a hostel for girls and to house diplomats from Finland and Estonia. Starting in 1964 the state record company Melodiya used the church as a recording studio. Services returned on July 15, 1991, and during the visit of Queen Elizabeth II on October 19, 1994, the Russian government agreed to return the building to religious use. Melodiya vacated the premises in 2001.

Early history

Some early records are available through the Russia Company archives in London's Guildhall. The first English church building in Russia was probably built in Arkhangelsk in the 17th century, with its chaplain serving both Arkhangelsk and Moscow from 1705. Angel at St. Andrew's is holding a thistle, symbol of Scotland. Other angels at the church hold a rose, shamrock, and a leek, the symbols of England, Ireland, and Wales. By the 1880s the congregation had grown and a building larger than the chapel was needed. The Russia Company gave lots of money for church. It was designed by Richard Knill Freeman, of Bolton, in the Victorian Neo-Gothic style. At the time, the congregation was evenly divided between supporters of the Church of England and Scottish dissenters who supported the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. As a compromise St. Andrew's as a British church, symbols of Scotland (the thistle), England (the rose), Ireland (shamrock), and Wales (the leek) are incorporated into the church architecture. Jonathan Holt Titcomb, the Bishop of London's coadjutor for North and Central Europe, consecrated the church on January 13, 1885. In 1885, in the Church of St. Andrew English brass organ was set. Jane McGill paid for the building of the parsonage in 1894. In 1904 she founded St. Andrew's House for indigent governesses and other ladies, in nearby Tverskaya Street.

Confiscation and renewal

According to Herbert North, son of the chaplain "we spent nearly a week in the basement with no light and little food. On emerging from the house at the end of the fighting we found many spent cartridges in the courtyard and two large pools of blood."

 St. Andrew's in 2009

The church was confiscated in 1920 and the Chaplain, the Rev. Frank North, was expelled from Russia to Helsinki. He served in Helsinki, officially as the Chaplain to Helsinki and Moscow. During the following 71 years, Helsinki chaplain would occasionally give services at the British Embassy in Moscow. The church and parsonage were used by the Soviets as a hostel for girls and to house diplomats from Finland and Estonia. In 1964 Melodiya took over the church as a recording studio. Following perestroika, on July 15, 1991, the Helsinki Chaplain, the Rev. Tyler Strand, celebrated the first Eucharist at St. Andrew's since 1920. Regular services began soon after. Queen Elizabeth II visited the church on October 19, 1994, and agreed with Russian President Boris Yeltsin that the church would be returned.

Ex.1. True or False

1. There are three English churches (in Vladivostok, Saint-Petersburg and Moscow) in Russia.
2. During the October Revolution in 1918 the church tower was used as a machine gun post by the Bolsheviks.
3. The church was confiscated in 1920 and the chaplain expelled from Ukraine.
4. During the Soviet time the church and parsonage were used as a hostel for girls and to house diplomats from Finland and Estonia.
5. English church building in Russia was probably built in Kazan in the 17th century.
6. It was designed by Richard Knill Freeman, of Bolton, in the Victorian Gothic style.
7. By the 1880s the congregation had grown and a building larger than the chapel was needed.
8.  In 1964 Melodiya took over the church as a recording studio.
9. Queen Elizabeth II visited the church on October 19, 1994, and agreed with Russian President Boris Yeltsin that the church would be returned.

Ex.2 Complete the sentences

1. It continues the tradition of Anglican worship in Moscow that started in 1553 when . . . first allowed the English merchants of the Russia Company  to worship according to their own beliefs.
2. Services returned on July 15, 1991, and during the visit of . . .  on October 19, 1994, the Russian government agreed to return the building to religious use.
3. Other angels at the church hold a rose, shamrock, and a leek, the symbols of England, . . . , and Wales.
4. In 1904 she founded St. Andrew's House for indigent  . . . and other ladies, in nearby Tverskaya Street.
5. As a . . .  St. Andrew's as a British church, symbols of Scotland (the thistle), England (the rose), Ireland (shamrock), and Wales (the leek) are incorporated into the church architecture.
   

Ex.3 Ask 10 questions to the text