THE MYSTERY OF
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (8 класс) по теме

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When we consider the verb, there are two absolutely different categories we deal with: time and tense .

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PAST FUTURE People consider time as past, present and future. Both past and future depend on the present, or now . Everything before now is past, and everything after now is future. But what is now ? In fact it has no length. It is the borderline between past and future. Time category could be viewed like this: NOW

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NOW PAST But there exists no future. What has really happened is in the past. What hasn’t happened can be only imagined. The notion of time is reflected in the English verb. So, it would be more correct to show time as following:

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А special grammatical category – modality She might agree. She can agree. She will agree.

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PAST NOW FUTURE People want to be able to discuss things in the past , in the future and in the present . People take parts of both past and future and call it present , or now :

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In English the idea of present is very well organized . Sheila works in a bank in Boston. She is doing a course in management now . She has worked there for eight years. She has been doing the course for a month. She is returning to Boston on Friday. Her train leaves at 5 p.m . We are having a class on Monday. It starts at 2 p.m.

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TIME PAST PRESENT FUTURE TENSE IMPERFECT PERFECT The Russian time / tense system can be viewed like this:

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To sum up, let us try to fix a more or less regular example into the table above. The arrows show how forms are produced. PAST PRESENT FUTURE IMPERFECT ел ест будет есть PERFECT съел - съест

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Each English tense follows its own pattern made up of two elements: A+L (the auxiliary – A and the lexical form – L). Both A and L are special for each tense: has eaten; is eating; doesn’t eat.

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Tense Meaning A+L Example Simple Tense Fact, event do + I [do] eat Continuous Tense State, Process be + IV be eating Perfect Tense Result, е ffect Have + III have eaten There are three tenses in English, and each of them has its own meaning and its own pattern, consisting of its own auxiliary and its own lexical form. If the Simple Tense followed he model like the Continuous and the Perfect tenses, we would always have A+L ( do+LI ).

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When we do get power from the tides, we do put turbines in the mouth of a river. When the tide does come up, it does turn the turbines, and when it does run towards the sea, it does turn them again . Mr Holland did begin to go to his office on his bicycle. When all the cars did stop at a red light, he did go past them.

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The tide does no t turn the turbines. Rarely does it turn the wheels. Where does it run ? He did stop at the red light.

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I ate my lunch when John came in. I ate my lunch when John came in. There are two events in this sentence expressed by two Simple verbs. One event follows the other. Let us take our example and change the tense in one verb. I was eating lunch when John came in. Here we have only one event: John came in , because the Continuous describes a person’s state at the moment.

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Look, he is smoking! But he never smokes! Oh I’m sorry! He is just holding a pencil in his mouth.

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I am having a party on 1 October (I am inviting people, buying food). The party starts at 8. Mum is arriving on Monday. (She has bought the ticket, she is packing). Her train arrives at 11. (The train is not preparing. It always arrives at 11) .

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I had eaten my lunch when John came in. Again we get one event instead of two, the one expressed with the Simple verb: John came in . As to the lunch - I had no lunch at the time when he came . The Continuous tense takes us nowhere. The Perfect looks backwards: He came He saw He conquered He came He saw He conquered The Continuous tense takes us nowhere. The Perfect looks backwards: I had eaten my lunch John came in

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When he came, I ate my lunch = I ate my lunch when he came. He came after I had eaten it = After I had eaten it, he came home . “I have lived in Saratov for 16 years” or “I have known Kate since we went to school” “I live in Saratov” or “I know Kate”

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If we try to think it over logically, all the tense problems do not seem very difficult. But we ought to get as much practice as possible because learning a language is not a matter of knowledge but of skill.

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Thank you for attention! !!