Методическая разработка "Наречия в английском языке".
методическая разработка по английскому языку по теме

The Adverbs. Наречия.

По форме наречия делятся на простые, производные, сложные и составные.

Простые наречия не делятся на составные части, например:

          soon (скоро)        then (тогда)

          fast (быстро)        when (когда)

          here (здесь)         why (почему)

          there (там)        where (где, куда) и т.

Производные наречия образуются с помощью суффикса –ly, который прибавляется к прилагательным:

bad(плохой) + ly        badly(плохой)

quick(быстрый) + ly        quickly(быстро)

easy(легкий) + ly        easily(легко)

При прибавлении суффикса –ly, с прилагательными происходят следующие изменения: окончание

le – меняется на                        ly (gentle – gently)

y –        меняется на                        ily (easy – easily)

ic –        меняется на                        ically (enegetic – enegetically,

automatic automatically)

ue –меняется на                        uly (true – truly)

ll –меняется  на                        lly (full – fully)

Кроме суффикса –ly, есть и другие суффиксы. Это –wards, -long, -wise.

clockwise –в направлении часовой стрелки

forward - вперед

headlong – опрометчиво

homewards – к дому, идущий к дому

seawards – к морю, идущий к морю

onwards – вперед, впереди, далее

afterwards – впоследствии, потом, позже

Запомните:

day + ly = daily (eжедневно)

week + ly =weekly (eженедельно)

month + ly = monthly (ежемесячно)

Сложные наречия образуются путем словосложения:

         sometimes -иногда                         inside - внутри

         meantime – тем временем          overhead - наверху

         anyway – на полпути

Составные наречия – это сочетание служебного слова со знаменательным словом, объединенное единым значением:

        at first - сначала        in vain - напрасно

        at length - подробно        at least – по крайней мере

IV. Некоторые прилагательные и наречия имеют одинаковую форму.

fast (быстрый, быстро)

long (длинный, длинно/долго)

low (низкий, низко)

high (высокий, высоко)

little (маленький, мало)

wide (широкий, широко/далеко)

far (далекий, далеко)

early (ранний, рано)

late (поздний, поздно)

hard (усердный, усердно)

near (близкий, близко)

Однако, при прибавлении к некоторым выше перечисленным словам суффикса –ly , их значения меняются.

hard (усердный, усердно)                hardly (едва)

late (поздний, поздно)                lately (недавно, в последнее время)

near (близкий, близко)                nearly (почти)

high (высокий, высоко)                highly (очень, в высшей степени)

V. У некоторых наречий есть степени сравнения

VI.         Однако некоторые слова с окончанием ,,ly“ являются прилагательными.

   Запомните эти прилагательные:

friendly - (дружелюбный)

lively – (живой, оживленный, веселый)

lonely – (одинокий)

silly – (глупый)

lovely – (прелестный, милый)

manly – мужественный, отважный

womanly – женственный, нежный, мягкий

cowardly – (трусливый, подлый)

Эти прилагательные образуют наречия с помощью выражений                

“ in a manner/way/fashion/”

Meg is a friendly girl. She always greets me in a friendly way.

Мег дружелюбная девочка. Она всегда приветствует меня по-

дружески.

That was a cowardly thing to do. You acted in a cowardly way.

Это был подлый поступок. Ты поступил подло.

Мы также говорим: fast asleep (крепко спать), wide awake (далеко/еще не спали).

 The children are fast asleep now, but when we were leaving they were wide awake.(Сейчас дети крепко спят, а когда мы уходили, они еще не спали.)

VII. Для усиления значений наречий употребляются слова “ much/far

much        She works much harder than you.

far        It happens far more often.

VIII. Запомните глаголы, после которых употребляются не наречия, а прилагательные:

To look        выглядеть        to feel        чувствовать

To smell        пахнуть        to seem        казаться

To taste        иметь вкус        to get        становиться

To sound        звучать        to be        быть

She looks very happy.                                          Она выглядит очень счастливо.

The dish smells awful.                                         Блюдо пахнет ужасно

The cake tastes dellicious.                                   Торт на вкус восхитительный.

It gets cold in Moscow in winter.        Зимой в Москве становится                  

        холодно.

IX. По своему значению наречия делятся на несколько групп.

Тренировочные упражнения

Exercise 1

Образуйте наречия от следующих прилагательных и существительных.

Sweet, careful, real, slow, usual, day, calm, stupid, heroic, firm, loud, happy, safe, dry, gradual, soft, brave, hour.

Exercise 2

Употребите в данных предложениях наречия, образованные от выделенных прилагательных.

1. His words were rude. He spoke … . 2. What a sweet voice! Oh, yes, Mary sings very … . 3. Father looked angry. He spoke to his children … . 4. Bob is so slow! He does everything very … . 5. Be careful with this stuff. You should do the job … . 6. Your children are so polite. They spoke to me very … . 7. The train is very rapid. It runs … . 8. Your brother is so aggressive. He always behaves … . 9. She is a beautiful dancer. She moves very … . 10. Everybody heard a loud sound. It was Bob who coughed … . 11. She heard a soft whisper. Somebody was speaking … .

Exercise 3

Заполните таблицу наречиями.

Fast, quickly, before, tomorrow, high, here, much, long, far, carefully, early, wide, quietly, once, well, inside, today, badly, sometimes, usually, always, there, late, above, aloud, brightly, since, many, correctly, weekly, nearly, nicely, noisily, outside, politely, slowly, suddenly, windy, often, low, just.

Exercise 4

Выберите правильную форму слов, данных в скобках.

1. He certainly has done (good, well) in his studies this year. 2.It is not (good, well) for you to smoke. 3. I was (angry, angrily) at what he did. 4. He stormed (angry, angrily) out of the room. 5. It isn’t (bad, badly). 6. To the parent’s disgust, the child behaved very (bad, badly) at the table. 7. He dreamed of acting (brave, bravely) in emergency. 8. Hi is a (brave, bravely) man. 9. This is quite (clear, clearly). 10. I can see (clear, clearly) what you mean. 11. She looked at them (cold, coldly). 12. The weather is (cold, coldly) today. 13. This is a (comfortable, comfortably) desk. 14. The English like to live (comfortable, comfortably). 15. He is (dangerous, dangerously) calm. 16. This road is (dangerous, dangerously). 17. Let’s look at it from (different, differently) angles. 18. The two sisters reacted (different, differently). 19. This definition is not quite (exact, exactly). 20. Can you tell me (exact, exactly) when he will come. 21. He seems to be not very (happy, happily) about it. 22. They smiled (happy. happily). 23. The girl was (heavy, heavily) painted. 24. The case is too (heavy, heavily), 25. She signed  (helpless, helplessly). 26. She is quite (helpless, helplessly) with the child.  27. The work was done (perfect, perfectly). 28. The weather during the last  few days has been (perfect, perfectly). 29. Walk (quiet, quietly) or you will wake the patient. 30. His voice was (quiet, quietly). 31. It is (sad, sadly) that you have been ill such a long time. 32. She looked at me (sad, sadly). 33.The answer was not (satisfactory, satisfactorily). 34.You performed (satisfactory, satisfactorily). 35. Do you (serious, seriously) wish to go there? 36. Are you (serious, seriously)about going there? 37. The examination was quite (simple, simply). 38. The problem can be solved quite (simple, simply).

Exercise 5

Выберите правильную форму слов, данных в скобках.

1. Can she run … ? (quick, quickly)
2. Be …! Don’t break the mirror. (careful, carefully)
3. Look! The young sportsman is swimming very (quick, quickly)
4. His new manager is lively and (energetic, energetically)
5. Now I … skate four times a week. (usual, usually)
6. The girl was … at jumping and running. (good, well)
7. What’s the matter with you? – I feel … .(bad, badly)

Exercise 6

Выберите правильную форму слов, данных в скобках.

1. The boy works … (hard, hardly) at his English/
2. Oh, it’s too …! I should leave.(late, lately)
3. It takes me … 40 minutes to get to the swimming pool. (near, nearly)
4. The sportsman was tired and could … speak. (hard, hardly)
5. There is a modern sports centre … our school. (near, nearly)
6. The athlete can jump very …. (high, highly)
7. I haven’t visited my granny … (late, lately)
8. He is a … skilled engineer. (high, highly)

Exercise 7

Выберите правильную форму слов, данных в скобках.

1. She speaks Italian (fluent, fluently). 2. They behave (honest, honestly). 3. He was (bad, badly) hurt. 4. The children did the exercise (easy, easily). 5. That is an (intense, intensly) novel. 6. Bob plays the violin (good, well). 7. The sun is shining (bright, brightly). 8. The table has a (smooth, smoothly) surface. 9. They didn’t like to drink (bitter, bitterly) coffeee. 10. Pete spoke (sad, sadly) to Mary. 11. Everybody thinks (well, good) of Samual. 12. The boy runs (quick, quickly). 13. The clients sat (comfortable, comfortably). 14. Are these articles (well good)?

Exercise 8

Выберите правильную форму слов, данных в скобках.

1.His heart was (deep,deeply) moved. 2. The idea seemed (high, highly) strange to everybody. 3. They live quite (near, nearly). 4. You’ve come too (late, lately). 5. The plane flew (high, highly), we could (hard, hardly) see it. 6. I have seen very little of him (late, lately). 7. The tunnel was dug (deep, deeply) below the surface of the earth. 8. He was (near, nearly) run over by the car.

Exercise 9

Употребите наречия very или too в данных предложениях.

1. It is … cold today. 2. He is … old to work. 3. The plane flies … fast. 4. I can’t drink the milk: it’s … sweet. 5. Eiffel Tower is … high. 6. Sugar is … sweet. 7.

Charles is … rich: he is a millionaire. 8. This cap is … small for me. 9. I felt … tired to study. 10. My little nephew is … young to go to school.

Exercise 10

Употребите наречия very или much в данных предложениях.

1. I was … interested to hear what he said. 2. We are … sorry that you cannot come. 3. They were … pleased to meet him. 4. Mary plays the piano … better than her sister. 5. The students were … afraid of failing in English. 6. It was a … amusing game. 7. Mike’s picture is … worse than yours. 8. It is a … interesting story. 9 I feel … tired. 10. They are … astonished at the news.

Exercise 11

В данных предложениях используйте наречия very much или too much.

1. I like music … . 2. Thank you … . 3. She speaks …: she is very talkative. 4. We were … interested in the subjects. 5. Robert helped them … . 6. He drank  … and became sick. 7. The children can’t study here: there is … noise. 8. I am … obliged to you. 9. One hundred dollars is … for that jacket. 10. My friends were … astonished to hear of his coming.

Exercise 12

В данных предложениях употребите слова hard или hardly.

1. I … know how to thank for your kindness. 2. The man was hit very … . 3. He has … recovered from his illness. 4. Think … before you come to a decision. 5. If you work … you can succeed. 6. He tried … but failed. 7. Pete studies … . 8. Bob … does his homework. 9. … had he entered when the telephone rang. 10. The door won’t open. Pull … .11. I could … speak from fear. 12. I … know the people I work with. 13. It is freezing … .

Exercise 13

В данных предложениях используйте good или well.

1. She speaks … English. 2. Ann did her work … . 3. I did … in the examination. 4. She looks … today. 5. They speak very … . 6. Has he done … in his lessons?

7. He didn’t see … . 8. It is … to be with friends. 9. Tom did … work. 10. I am quite … .

Exercise 14

Выберите подходящее наречие.

1. I was (deep, deeply) moved by his words. 2. You must dig very (deep, deeply)to reach the water. 3. He was (high, highly) doubtful about the necessity of that action.. 4. The eagle soared(парил) (high, highly), it could be(hard, hardly) seen. 5. He had to work really (hard, hardly) to obtain what he wanted. 6. The policeman looked (close, closely) at the suspect. 7. He stepped (closer, more closely) to get a clear view of the picture before him. 8. We have (near, nearly) run out of petrol. 9. There is a big grocery store (near, nearly) our house. 10. We haven’t heard from him (late, lately). 11. His letter came too (late, lately). 12. This dress is (pretty, prettily) expensive. 13. This girl is very (pretty, prettily) dressed. 14. He passed by her windows singing (loud, loudly). 15. He doesn’t speak (loud, loudly) enough to everybody to hear. 16. I’m afraid you ‘ll have to pay (dear, dearly) for your silence.

17. They all loved him (dear, dearly). 18. The house was full of light; the gate of the courtyard stood (wide, widely) open. 19. Nabokov’s works are (wide, widely) known throughout the world. 20. “Open (wide, widely),” he said and put a small piece of cake into her mouth.

Exercise 15

Переведите наречия, находящиеся в скобках, на английский язык.

1. She stared at us (широко) open eyes, but remained silent. 2. I am (глубоко) concerned about his lack of interest in our business. 3. We examined these animals very (тщательно). 4. He was (справедливо) accused of violating the rules. 5. The plant stood (близко) to the lake. 6. The man pulled (сильно) at the chain. 7. The rain was pouring so (сильно) that we could (едва) see the boat sailing up to the shore. 8. The contribution of this scientist to the progress of physics is (высоко) valued. 9. (Вскоре) after the war they started reconstructing the ruined palace. 10. Only her face , full of rapture, stood out ((ясно) in his memory. But the events of that evening he remembered (более смутно). 11. When he walked, he usually held his head (высоко). It was (трудно) to guess how his pride suffered. 12. She called him (громко) and (долго) but he didn’t come. 13. It is (легче) to do everything myself than to make you do things.

Exercise 16

Выберите подходящее слово.

1. You can (hard, hardly) know his name. 2. Get up! It’s (near, nearly) eight. 3. Last month all the players trained (hard, hardly). 4. It’s too (late, lately). Let’s speak about the exams tomorrow.5. We have been proud of our sportsmen (late, lately). 6. She was tired and (hard, hardly) keep her eyes open. 7. There is a new swimming pool (near, nearly) our house. 8. Does she think (high, highly) of your picture? 9. Look! The bird is flying (high, highly) in the sky. 10. The boy works (hard, hardly) at his English. 11. Oh, it’s too (late, lately)! I should leave. 12. It takes me (near, nearly) 40 minutes to get to the swimming pool. 13. The sportsman was tired and (hard, hardly) speak. 14. There is a modern sports centre (near, nearly) our school. 15. The athlete can jump very (high, highly). 16. I haven’t visited my old granny (late, lately). 17. He is a (high, highly) skilled engineer.

Степени сравнения наречий

Exercise 17

Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих наречий.

Early, often, hard, easily, well, badly, soon, little, near, far, late, clearly, slowly, fast, quickly, strongly, much, closely, close, beautifully, loudly, brightly, loud.

Exercise 18

Поставьте наречия в правильной форме.

1. My elder brother gets up … (early) than me.
2. The little boy ran … (fast) than he had ever run before.
3. “ You should work … (hard) than you did last year,” Mr. Brown said.
4. He swam … (bad) than usually yesterday.
5. Could you say it … (slowly), please.
6. I liked her dance … (well) of all.
7. Which of you can run … (well)?
8. The doctor told her to eat … (little) sweet and chocolate.
9. Which of you can cycle … (well)?
10.  Yesterday she danced … (bad) than usually. She had a terrible backache.
11.  I hope they’ll come … (early) tomorrow morning than today.
12.  He works … (hard) at English than his friend.
13.  He swims …(fast) than the American sportsman.
14.  You should play … (carefully) than yesterday.
15.  Steve and Sam did … (badly) in the last game.

Exercise 19

Поставьте наречия в нужной форме.

1. I like this dress (well) than the black one. 2. Now she visits me (frequently) than last year. 3. Our new car is (fast) than old one. 4. Which of all these books did you enjoy (much)? 5. Now I can hear you (clearly) than before. 6. You ought to have told me (much). 7. Who works (hard), Mike, Pete or Jack? 8. The fire was put out (quickly) than we expected. 9. He speaks English (flluently) of all in my class.

Exercise 20

Поставьте наречия в нужной форме.

1. The (hard) you work the (soon) you make progress. 2. Is the sound loud enough or shall I make it (loud)? 3. Yesterday they finished the work (late) than usual. 4. The woman said she had been treated (badly) than a slave. 5. The little girl sang far

(well) than her sister. 6. The boy’s greatest ambition was to become a pilot and fly

(high) and (fast) of all. 7. I could see very far from my place, but Ben climbed a tree and saw even (far) beyond the field. 8. We envied John, for he lived (near) of all; it took him the liest time to get to the office. 9. Our horses ran pretty fast, but Serena’s Arrow ran (quick) than my White Star, and Ivo;s Lightning – (fast), as usual. 10. I like this picture (well) of all. 11. I missed our walks together, but those long evening conversations by the fireplace I missed (much) of all. 12. He stepped (close) and saw that they were playing with little kittens.

Ключи

Exercise 1

     Sweetly, carefully, really, slowly, usually, daily, calmly, stupidly,heroically,

firmly, loudly happily, safely, drily?,gradually, softly, bravely, hourly.

Exercise 2

    1. rudely; 2. sweetly; 3. angrily; 4. slowly; 5. carefully; 6. politely; 7. repidly;

8. aggressively; 9. beautifully; 10. loudly; 11. softly.

Exercise 3

Exercise 4.

1. well; 2. good; 3. angry; 4. angrily; 5. bad; 6. badly; 7. bravely; 8. brave;   9. clear; 10. clearly; 11. coldly; 12. cold; 13. comfortable; 14. comfortably;         15. dangerously; 16. dangerous; 17. different; 18. differently; 19. exact;               20. exactly; 21. happy; 22. happily; 23. heavily; 24. heavy; 25. helplessly;            26. healpless; 27. perfectly; 28. perfect; 29. quietly; 30. quiet; 31. sad; 32. sadly; 33. satisfactory; 34. satisfactorily; 35. seriously; 36. serious; 37. simple;              38. simply.

Exercise 5

1. quickly; 2. careful; 3. quickly; 4. enegetic; 5. usually; 6. good; 7. bad.

Exercise 6

1. hard; 2. late; 3. nearly; 4. hardly; 5. near; 6. high; 7. lately; 8. highly.

Exercise 7

1. fluently; 2. honestly; 3. badly; 4. easily; 5. intense; 6. well; 7. brightly;   8. smooth; 9. bitter; 10. sadly; 11. well; 12. quickly; 13. comfortably; 14. good.

Exercise 8

1.deeply; 2. highly; 3. near; 4. late; 5. high, hardly; 6. lately; 7. deeply;        8. nearly.

Exercise 9

1. very; 2. too; 3; very; 4. too; 5. very; 6. very; 7. very; 8. too; 9; too;       10. too.

Exercise 10

1. much; 2. very; 3. very; 4. much; 5. very; 6. very; 7. much; 8. very; 9. very; 10. very.

Exercise 11

1. very much; 2. very much; 3. too much; 4. very much; 5. very much; 6. too much; 7. too much; 8. very much; 9. too much; 10. too much.

Exercise 12

1. hardly; 2. hard; 3. hardly; 4. hard; 5. hard; 6. hard; 7. hard; 8. hardly;       9. Hardly; 10. hard; 11. hardly; 12. hardly; 13. hard.

Exercise 13

1. good; 2. well; 3. well; 4. good; 5. well; 6. well; 7. well; 8. good; 9. good; 10. good.

Exercise 14

1. deeply; 2. deep; 3. highly; 4. high, hardly; 5. hard; 6. closely; 7. closer;    8. nearly; 9. near; 10. lately; 11. late; 12. pretty; 13. prettily; 14. loudly; 15. loud; 16. dearly; 17. dearly; 18. wide; 19. widely; 20. wide.

Exercise 15.

1. wide; 2. deeply; 3. thoroughly; 4. rightly/justly; 5. close; 6. hard; 7. hard, hardly; 8. highly; 9. Soon; 10. clearly, more vaguely; 11. high, hard; 12. loudly, for a long time; 13. easier.

Exercise 16

1. hardly; 2. nearly; 3. hard; 4. late; 5. lately; 6. hardly; 7. near; 8. highly; 9. high; 10. hard; 11. late; 12. nearly; 13. hardly; 14. near; 15. high; 16. lately; 17. highly.

Степени сравнения наречий

Exercise 17

Early, earlier, earliest; often, oftener, oftenest (more often, most often); hard, harder, hardest; easily, more easily, most easily; well, better, best; badly, more badly, most badly; soon, sooner, soonest; little, less, liest, near,nearer, nearest; far,farther(further), farthest(furthest); late,later, latest; clearly, more clearly, most clearly; slowly,more slowly, most slowly; fast, faster, fastest; quickly, more quickly, most quickly; strong, more strongly, most strongly; much, more, most; closely, more closely, most closely; close, closer, closest; beautifully, more

beautifully, most beautifully; loudly, more loudly, most loudly; brightly, more

brightly, most brightly; loud, louder, loudest.

Exercise 18

1. earlier; 2. faster; 3. harder; 4. worse; 5. more slowly; 6. best; 7. best; 8. less; 9. best; 10. worse; 11. earlier; 12. harder; 13. faster; 14; more carefully; 15. badly.

Exercise 19

1. better; 2. more frequently; 3. faster; 4. most; 5. more clearly; 6. more;      7. harder; 8. more quickly; 9. most fluently.

Exercise 20

1. the harder, the sooner; 2. louder; 3. later; 4. worse; 5. better; 6. highest, fastest; 7. farther; 8. nearest; 9. quicker, fastest; 10. best; 11. most; 12. closer.