The systems of the human body
проект

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State budgetary vocational educational institution The health Department of the Moscow city « Medical College № 7 » Moscow 201 9 ANATOMY. GREAT ANATOMISTS

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Galen was an ancient roman doctor. He learned the bones of the upper and lower extremities, and also the skull of the patients. Galen described from the 7 to 12 cranial nerves. The doctor studied in detail the venous and arterial blood (dark red and scarlet). Galen proved that urine was formed in the kidneys, and not in the bladder. It’s Galen who owned an active propagation of bloodletting. Claudius Galen (Galenus)

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The sceientist investigatel 30 corpses and made about 800 original drawings of bones, muscles, heart and other organs . He was the first one to study the functional anatomy of the motor apparatus. Leonardo was the first to portray the frontal sinus in the figure of the skull. The first one who suggested using glass models of organs and vessels to observe how the blood flows through them. He the first determined the exact number of vertebrae and the first most accurately reproduced the shape of the spinal column. Leonardo first suggested that the neck muscles hold the cervical spine. He correctly identified the presence of a tricuspid valve, pointed to the function of tendon chords. Leonardo da Vinchi (1452-1519)

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W. Harvey was and English physician, the founder of physiology and embryology. He has discovered viscera circulation and function of the heart. Harvey’s research proved that the heart was a muscle viscera. The doctor first proved the well-known formula: “Ex ovo omnia” («all living things» - from the egg) W. Harvey discovered the pulmonary and systemic of blood circulation. William Н arvey (1578-1657)

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Lomonosov made a great contribution in medicine. He paid a great attention to childbirth, the hygiene of children of early age, cared for them. The scientist insisted on the. preparation of midwives, creating a textbook for them with the use of folk experience. He founded at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Russia's first chemical laboratory (1748). Lomonosov proposed a special protective clothes. Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765)

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Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov is a prominent Russian scientist, doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is considered to be the founder of field surgery, and was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic. During the Crimean War, invented plaster cast. And he used artificial joint to lengthen and shortened limb. Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov 1810-1824

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Russian biologist and pathologist One of the founders of comparative pathology, evolutionary embryology and immunology The founder of the scientific school Together with N.F. Gamaleia founded the first in Russia bacteriological station (1886) The scientist discovered and expanded the phagocytic theory. He created the theory of the origin of multicellular organisms Ilia Mechnikov (1845-1916)

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Tonkov wrote the book “ The base of the theoretical anatomy”. The soviet anatomist carried out the theory about collateral blood circulation. Tonkov

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Vorobjev was the soviet anatomist who investigated the nervous system. Together with the classical anatomical methods Russian scientist used the modern methods of the investigations (X – rays examinations, Ultro – sound, electro – microscopical experiments). The scientist was one of the first began to develop functional anatomy discovered new laws of the structural organization of the nervous system, developed the theory of formation and functions of organisms. Vorobjev organized in Khrakov the world's famous “The Museum of human evolution“. Vorobjev Vladimir Petrovich

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SKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY The skeletal system in an adult body is made up of 206 bones. These bones are arranged into two major divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton . The axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis and is made up of 80 bones in the following parts: Skull Hyoid Auditory ossicles Ribs Sternum Vertebral column The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones in the following parts: Upper limbs Lower limbs Pelvic girdle Shoulder girdle

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MUSCULAR SYSTEM The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the human body. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles that make up roughly half of a person’s body weight. Each of these muscles consists of single organ including of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves. Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart, digestive organs, and blood vessels. There are three types of muscle tissue: Visceral, cardiac, and skeletal.