Английские сказки: происхождение, особенности, структура
проект (5 класс) на тему

Fairy Tales are relevant to this day, they awaken curiosity, interest in other peoples, their culture.  Fairy tales inspire, amuse, educate. They contain romantic fantasy, the description of the amazing adventures, teach of good and justice, bring people from different countries together.

As I lean English I want to learn more about the English fairy tales. So, my project work deals with English fairy tales, their origin and structure.

In England folk tales were collected and recorded much later than in other countries. The first collections of English folk tales appeared at the end of the last century.

Joseph Jacobs (1854-1916) - the most famous collector of fairy tales in the UK. He published two best collections of English fairy folktales - English Fairy Tales (1890) and More English Fairy Tales (1894). It was difficult for him to collect tales, as many of them were forgotten. Jacobs did not add anyting, as did in Russia, in France and the Grimm brothers in Germany. He set himself the goal to give examples of fairy folk art in the form in which people created them.

There are two large groups of fairy tales:

1) tales about animals;

2) household.

3) the literary tales

Tales about animals.

Animals are creatures that are very close to us. Folk art uses images of wild and domestic animals as special. The important role is to show people through animals.

The famous fairy tale "Three Little Pigs" is an English fairy tale!. Mikhalkov translated it.

Here the features typical for this group of fairy tales are concentrated: the presence of the "evil" beginning (wolf), the cunning hero (the third pig), the victory of good and cunning over evil.

The structure of English fairy tales about animals is quite simple: the small size of the text, the simplicity of the plot, the usage of numbers three and seven. In the English fairy tale there is usually no traditional beginning and ending: "they lived - they were, I was there"; the ending of English and Russian fairy tales is similar, but the Russians are larger.

Household fairy tales tell about the events of ordinary life, telling about various social problems.

The fairy tale "Jack and the Beanstalk" is a plot full of the life of an English settler. Jack, who lives very poorly with his mother, is ready to believe in the miracle of beans, only to change his life for the better by sacrificing his cow. And his expectations were justified. He landed in a wonderful country, where he defeated the giant ogre and took away his harp and a chicken carrying golden eggs.

Happiness for the hero of the English fairy tale lies in the fact that after a lot of different events and fairy-tale adventures the hero finds any material wealth.

Another large group of English tales – are the literary tales.

A Literary tale is fiction-oriented, closely related to folk tale, but, unlike it, belongs to a specific author who was not before the publication orally and had no options.
Subjects and composition of a literary tale are subject to author's will and imagination. It is characterized by an unusual beginning  ("Once upon a time ..." or "In a certain kingdom ..., In a certain land ...", there lived a king and a queen and they had an only daughter ...) realistic character. So, for example, in the tale of A.Miln "Winnie the Pooh", the toy-bear Vinnie received the name from one of the real toys of Christopher Robin, the writer's son, who lives in the woods and gets with toys in different funny situations that are not typical for a folkl fairy tale. In the fairy tale novel by Luis  Carroll "The Adventures of Alice" a little girl Alice in a dream finds herself in a wonderland, a land of amazing questions and answers.

In the fairy-tale novel P.Travers "Mary Poppins" the wonderful nurse Mary Poppins, finds a common language not only with children - she also understands the language of birds, fish, animals.

A fairy tale plays an important role in our life.  The fairy tale allows to enrich the spiritual world of the child, develop patriotism, respect for the past of its people. Whatever the fairy tale, it always teaches the reader something. Both adults and children will think about it, find and take from it something useful, intelligent, kind.

Fairy tales make the reader wear historical glasses, learn to see the common and the difference at various stages of human history, help to wander from one culture to another. It was better than A.S. Pushkin no one said about the fairy tales: "The fairy tale is a lie, but it is a hint in it. Good fellows a lesson. "