Открытый урок в 8 классе "Robert Burns - the National Poet of Scotland"
методическая разработка (8 класс) по теме

Зорина А.В.                          

Открытый урок по теме «Роберт Бернс – национальный поэт Шотландии»

 Урок направлен на формирование кросс культурной грамотности у учащихся, повышение мотивации к изучению английского языка и раскрытие творческого потенциала учащихся.                

Цели урока:

• углубление и расширение (развитие) знаний по теме;
• закрепление изученного материала  в ходе подготовки учащимися сообщений;
• развитие навыков говорения на английском языке с применением монологической речи (видео экскурсия) и   декламации стихотворений на английском языке;
• развитие коммуникативных способностей с использованием английского языка.

Задачи:

• в интересной форме обобщить, закрепить знания, полученные по теме;
• научить видеть закономерность в зависимости географических, исторических, социокультурных  и лингвистических особенностей;
• дать представление о роли национального языка;
• ознакомить с некоторыми особенностями шотландского диалекта;
• расширить кругозор у учащихся.

Оборудование: компьютер, экран.

Программное обеспечение: презентация с аудиосопровождением;

                Robert Burns – the National Poet of Scotland

        Steps of the lesson

Teacher: Our lesson is devoted to Robert Burns, the national poet of Scotland, whose birthday Burn’s Night is celebrated by Scotsmen all over the world. We are also going to speak about Scotland, the motherland of Robert Burns. This beautiful country inspired his creativity.  

Let’s remember some facts from Burns’s biography.

Pupil 1: Robert Burns is the national poet of Scotland. Every year Scotsmen all over the world celebrate his memory on Burns’s Night, which is on his birthday, the 25’th January. His poems are recited and his songs are sung. Burns’s poetry is loved and enjoyed by all his countrymen. They love Burns for his great love for people, for his patriotism and truthfulness.

Pupil 2: Burns was born in Alloway in South Ayrshire in 1759. He was the eldest of seven children . His father, a small farmer, was a hard-working man and he took great trouble to give his family all the education he could. When Robert was seven, his father engaged a teacher to educate him and his brother. Robert was given a good knowledge of English, he studied Shakespeare, Milton, Pope and other famous writers of the 17th and 18th centuries. His father taught him arithmetic and other subjects, and brought them books from Ayr. Burns owed much to his father, a poor man as he had no land of his own, and rich man if valued in character, independence, in thought and action. His mother had a beautiful voice and taught Robert old Scottish songs and ballads, which he later turned into his best poems.

Pupil 3: However, Robert couldn’t afford much time for his studies. He had to work on the farm. Burns wrote his first poem at the age of 14. (“Handsome Nell”) and his most creative years were 1785 – 1786 ,when he wrote his most brilliant poems and published them  under the title of Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. The book was a great success. . He moved to Edinburgh and was introduced to many famous people.

Pupil 4: All were impressed by his modesty, his brilliant conversation and his behavior. In 1787 the second edition of his poems appeared. Now Burns had the opportunity to see more of his native land that he so dearly loved. He made several tours. He admired the lovely landscapes and lochs of the Highlands. He visited some historic places which made a great impression on him. It all resulted in his writing of many fine poems. (“My Heart in the Highlands”…)

During the last 5 years of his life, Burns wrote some of his best poems and songs. He died at the age of 37 in 1796.

Teacher : Now let’s dwell upon his literary work. In Russia Robert Burns is widely known due to wonderful translations of Samuel Marshak, who successfully preserved the music of the original Scottish dialect.

Pupil 5: Millions of people all over the world highly esteem and love Burns’s poems.

   Burns sang and described the common joys, sorrows, and life of common people. In his poems he sang their pride and dignity. He declared that every man must be treated as a man, have the freedom of a man. In his poem A Man’s A Man For A ’That Burns says that it is not wealth and titles, but the good qualities of man’s heart that make” a man for a’ that.”

Pupil 6:

                                       Is there for honest Poverty

        That hangs his head, and a‘ that:

        The Coward slave, we pass him by,

        We dare be poor for a’ that!

        For a’ that and a’ that,

        Our toil’s obscure and all that;

        The rank is but the guinea-stamp.

        The Man’s the gold for a’ that.

        ………………..

Then let us pray that come it may.

                    As come it will for a’ that,

    That Sense and Worth o’er a’ the earth

        Shall bear the gree an’ a’ that.

                 For a’ that, an’ a’ that,

                 It’s coming yet for a’ that,

                 That man to man the world o’er

        Shall brothers be for a’ that

Pupil 5: This poem was translated by Samuel Marshak:

                                       Кто честной бедности своей

        Стыдится и все прочее,

        Тот самый жалкий из людей,

        Трусливый раб и прочее.

        При всем при том,

        При всем при том,

        Пускай бедней мы с вами,

        Богатство – штамп на золотом,

        А золотой – мы сами.

                                         ……………………………..

                                        Настанет день, и час пробьет,

         Когда уму и чести

         На всей земле придет черед

         Стоять на первом месте.

        При всем при том,

        При всем при том,

        Могу вам предсказать я,

        Что будет день, когда кругом

        Все люди станут братья!

Pupil 7:  In spite of his poverty, hunger, Burns was an optimist. The poem John Barleycorn expresses his optimism. It tells of the way people prepare whiskey. The poem is symbolic in its meaning. John Barleycorn personifies the strength of the common people which is immortal. Three kings wanted to kill John Barleycorn.

Pupil 8:                                          The were three kings into the east,

        Three kings both great and high,

        And they had sworn a solemn oath

        John Barleycorn should die.

        They took a plough and ploughed him down,

        Put clods upon his head,

        And they had sworn a solemn oath

        John Barleycorn was dead.

        But the cheerful spring came kindly on,

        And showers began to fall;

        John Barleycorn got up again,

        And sore surprised them all.

        ………………..

Pupil 9: However, all their efforts were in vain.  John Barleycorn was not dead, as his joyful spirit was alive in those who had a chance” to taste his blood.”

        John Barleycorn was a hero bold,

        Of noble enterprise,

        For if you do but taste his blood,

        It will make you courage rise.

        It will make a man forget his woe;

        It will heighten all his joy:

        It will make the widow’s heart to sing,

        Though the tear were in her eye.

Pupil 8: This poem was also translated into Russian by Marshak :

             Джон Ячменное Зерно        

                                       Трех королей разгневал он,

        И было решено,

        Что навсегда погибнет Джон

        Ячменное Зерно.

        Велели выкопать сохой

        Могилу короли,        

        Чтоб славный Джон боец лихой,

        Не вышел из земли.

        Травой покрылся горный склон,

        В ручьях воды полно,

        А из земли выходит Джон

        Ячменное Зерно.

        …………………………………….

                                        Недаром был покойный Джон

                                        При жизни молодец, -        

         Отвагу поднимает он

          Со дна людских сердец.

        Он гонит вон из головы

        Докучный рой забот,

        За кружкой сердце у вдовы

        От радости поет…

Pupil 10: Burns was a remarkable lyrical poet. His lyrical poems are known for their beauty, freshness, depth of feelings and their lovely melody. Among his best lyrics is Oh, My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose.

               O my Love is like a red, red rose

        That’s newly sprung in June;

        O my Love is like a melody

        That’s sweetly played in tune.

        As fair art thou, my bonny lass,

        So deep in love am I;

        And I will love thee still, my dear,

        Till all the seas go dry.

        Till all the seas go dry, my dear,

        And the rocks melt with the sun;

        O I will love thee still, my dear,

        While the sands of life shall run.

                                           And fare thee well, my only Love!

                                           And fare thee well a while!

        And I will come again, my Love,

        Though it were ten thousand mile!

Pupil 11: And this is the translation of Marshak:

                                       Любовь, как роза, роза красная,

        Цветет в моем саду.

        Любовь моя – как песенка,

        С которой в путь иду.

        Сильнее красоты твоей

        Моя любовь одна.

        Она с тобой, пока моря

        Не высохнут до дна.

        Не высохнут моря, мой друг,

                                       Не рушится гранит,

        Не остановится песок,

        А он, как жизнь бежит…

        Будь счастлива, моя любовь,

        Прощай и не грусти.

        Вернусь к тебе, хоть целый свет

        Пришлось бы мне пройти!

Pupil 12: Robert Burns’s poetry was inspired by his deep love for his motherland, for its history and folklore. His beautiful poem My Heart’s in the Highlands is a hymn to the beauty of Scotland’s nature and to its glorious past.

        My Heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here,

        My Heart’s in the Highlands a-chasing a deer,

        A-chasing a wild deer and following the roe -

        My Heart’s in the Highlands, wherever I go!

             Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North,

             The birthplace of valour, the country of worth!

                                                  Wherever I wander, wherever I rove,

                                                  The hills of the Highlands for ever I love.

        …………………………………………….

        Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow,

        Farewell to the straths and green valleys below,

        Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods,

        Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods.

                      My Heart’s in the Highlands, my heart is not here,

                      My Heart’s in the Highlands a-chasing a deer,

                      A-chasing a wild deer and following the roe -

                      My Heart’s in the Highlands, wherever I go!

Pupil 13: This is how this poem sounds in Russian. Marshak’s  translation:

          В горах мое сердцe … Доныне я там.

          По следу оленя лечу по скалам.

          Гоню я оленя, пугаю козу

          В горах мое сердце, а сам я внизу.

                                      Прощай, моя родина! Север, прощай,-

                                      Отечество славы и доблести край.

            По белому свету судьбою гоним,

            Навеки останусь я сыном твоим!

        Прощайте, вершины под кровлей снегов,

        Прощайте, долины и скаты лугов,

        Прощайте, поникшие в бездну леса,

        Прощайте, потоков лесных голоса.

          В горах мое сердцe … Доныне я там.

          По следу оленя лечу по скалам.

          Гоню я оленя, пугаю козу

          В горах мое сердце, а сам я внизу!

Pupil 14: Many of Burns’s poems have been put to music and are sung by all English-speaking people. One of them is Auld Lang Syne, a beautiful song of brotherhood and friendship. ’For auld lang syne’ means ‘in memory of past times’. At midnight on 31st December throughout Great Britain people celebrate the coming of the New Year, by holding hands in a large circle and singing this song:

Pupils sing:  

                       Should auld acquaintance be forgot,

        Should auld acquaintance be forgot,

        For the sake of auld lang syne!

        For auld lang syne, my dear

        For auld lang syne,

        We’ll take a cup of kindness yet

                 For the sake of auld lang syne!

Teacher: As we have already mentioned, Robert Burns’s poetry was inspired by his deep love for his country. Scotland – the land of beauty, wilderness and romance. Let’s talk about Scotland.

Pupil 15: Scotland is a country in the U.K. to the north of England. (shows on the map) It is a beautiful country. It consists of Highlands and Lowlands. Scotland is well known for its  beautiful scenery. Scotland is the land of mountains, plains, wild moorlands covered with heather, narrow valleys and famous lakes(lochs). Notable fresh-water lochs include Loch Ness (the one with the monster). The highest mountain in Britain – Ben Nevis is located in Scotland. The official language is English, although Gaelic is spoken, primarily in the North and West of Scotland. The highest mountain in Britain – Ben Nevis is located in Scotland. The official language is English, although Gaelic is spoken, primarily in the North and West of Scotland.

Pupil 16 : The Scottish flag is the cross of St. Andrew. It is said to be one of the oldest national flags of any country, dating back at least to the 12th century. There is a second flag which is associated with Scotland, the "Rampant Lion", or Royal Flag of Scotland. Although based on an older Scottish flag than the St. Andrew's Cross, it should now only be used by the monarch .It is widely used as a second national flag .

Pupil 17: The national emblems of Scotland are blue bell, a lion standing on his hind paws, thistle and white heather which covers moorland areas. R. L. Stevenson glorifies Scottish white heather in his poem “ Heather Ale “:  From the bonny bells of heather                          

                                                They brewed a drink long syne,

        Was sweeter far than honey

        Was stronger far than wine.

Pupil 18: The thistle became a national emblem of Scotland according to one curious legend. In very ancient times the Vikings once landed on the coast of Scotland with the intent of plundering and setting in the country. The Scottish came up to the river Tay. After the long march they were very tired, so they pitched there camp and rested, expecting the enemy before the next day but the Vikings were near. Noticing that no guard were protecting the camp, they crossed the river Tay, they wanted to take Scots by surprise. The Northmen took off their shoes, not to make a noise. But one of the Vikings stepped on a thistle. He cried out and the alarm was given in Scots camp. The Vikings were defeated. And so, as an acknowledgement for the timely unexpected help from the thistle it was taken as a national emblem of Scotland.

Pupil 19: The Scottish national costume ( Highland dress) includes a kilt. A kilt is a knee length tartan skirt. For a day wear the kilt is worn with a tweed jacket, plain long socks, a beret and a leather sporran. For evening the kilt is worn with a fur sporran, tartan socks, an elaborate jacket, and a frilly shirt.

Pupil 20 : A tartan may be in different colours. Each clan has a special tartan. There are more than 300 tartans. The wearing of tartans or coloured checks was common in the Highlands before the defeat by the English in 1745. Originally, the tartan was worn as a single piece of cloth, drawn in at the waist and thrown over the shoulders. The kilt didn’t become popular until the beginning of the 18’th century. Now tartans are part of international fashion.  

Pupil1 presents the video excursion:  The kilt, the most important part of Scottish national dress, is made from tartan cloth. To make a kilt takes eight meters of tartan cloth. Kilts are worn by men and women, but a man’s kilt has a pocket made from leather and silver. It is worn in front and it is called a sporran.

Bagpipes – the national instrument of Scotland. In this workshop, craftsmen make the wooden pipes. The bag is made of leather and covered in tartan.

Pupil 2 : ( video excursion) Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. It is one of the Britain’s most attractive cities. It’s the city for people who like to walk. You are never far from green parks,       gardens and hills. History is everywhere. At the top of the highest hill in Edinburgh is Edinburgh

Castle. Soldiers have marched through its gates for nearly a thousand years. It was a home of Scotland’s royal family until 1603.

This famous road is called the Royal m Mile. It begins at the castle and goes eastwards. At the other end of Royal Mile is the Palace of Holyroodhouse. It was built by a Scottish king before Scotland and England were united to make Great Britain. Now Holyroodhouse is a second home for the British king or queen, who usually visits Edinburgh in the summer. When the royal family is not there, you can visit the palace.

Behind Holyroodhouse is one of Edinburgh’s nine hills. This one is a long-dead volcano; it’s called King Arthur’s Seat. From the top you can look northwards to the great river, the Firth of Forth, and the road bridge which crosses it.

Pupil 3 : There is one interesting tradition in Scotland that is worth mentioning. The Scottish Highland Games. The Highland Games began in Scotland nearly a thousand years ago. Contests in racing and athletics began at fairs during holiday time. Sporting contests took place among soldiers to test how strong and powerful they were. Among the old Scottish clans there were also music competitions, called piping contests, to see who could play the bagpipes best. Other events included sheepdog trials and Highland dancing. These events still take place today and the Highland Games give Scottish people the opportunity to keep their culture and traditions.

Pupil 4 :( video excursion) Some people call this the Scottish Olympics. These games are not only sporting competitions: here music is as important as sport – the music of pipes and drums and traditional Scottish sports like the tug-of-war. The most famous of these summer games is the one at Braemar, watched by the royal family. But nearly a hundred smaller games are held between May and September all over Scotland.

While athletes throw the hammer at one end of the arena, you can watch a dancing competition  at the other end. The most popular Scottish dances are the Highland fling and the sword dance.

The dancers, pipers, athletes, in fact nearly all the competitors at the Highland games wear a kilt. So also do the judges, and the soldiers in the military pipe bands.

This is a caber. Tossing the caber is a sport for the strongest athletes. Each caber weighs about 60 kilos and is six meters long. The caber must not fall back towards the athlete; it must fall forwards.

Teacher: Scotland has given rise to many more famous people, notable in the arts, literature, the sciences and as inventors, philosophers, architects and so on, than would be expected for a country of such modest size and population. Let’s welcome some of them.

Pupil 5: Alexander Graham Bell. Inventor and entrepreneur. Born in Edinburgh, the son of a teacher. Having emigrated to Canada and later the USA, Bell invented the telephone in 1876. He realized the potential of his invention in terms of mass communication and through the formation of the Bell Telephone Company became a very wealthy man. This company grew into a telecommunications monopoly in North America.  Bell spent much time researching improved methods of communication for the deaf, and married one of his deaf students in 1877. Bell also became interest in flight in his later years. He built the biplane which flew the first public flight in USA  and invented a type of kite. He also designed the 'photophone' which could transmit speech using a light beam. Although not successful in itself, this device anticipated modern optical-fibre communications.

 Pupil 6 :W. Scott. Great Scottish patriot, writer and poet. Educated at the Old High School in Edinburgh, Scott then studied Law at the University of Edinburgh and became an advocate, before turning to writing.  Scott is known as a master of the historical novel. His novels are steeped in the traditions and customs of Scotland, based on real events and characters.  His literary works include Marmion (1808), Waverley (1814), Kenilworth (1821), Ivanhoe (1820), The Bride of Lammermoor (1819), Heart of Midlothian (1818),   Rob Roy (1818) and others. Scott was also a translator, biographer (of Napoleon) and passionate collector of all things Scottish. He made his home at Abbotsford House, on the banks of the River Tweed in the Scottish Borders and was buried in the ruins of Dryburgh Abbey, located near to St. Boswells. He is remembered by monuments in many Scottish towns, the grandest of which is in Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh.

Pupil 7 : J. Watt. Inventor and engineer. Born in Greenock, James Watt learned nsthe trade of a mathematical instrument maker in Glasgow before setting up a business in London. He was employed on surveys of the Forth and Clyde Canal) as well as the Caledonian Canal and the improvement of harbours. After repairing a model of a Newcomen steam engine belonging to the University of Glasgow, Watt realized he could improve on that simple design. He thus developed the steam engine into a practical source of power. He also coined the term 'horsepower' and another unit of power, the watt, was named in his honor. He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Glasgow.

Pupil 8 : Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh in 1850. After first abandoning a degree in Engineering and then leaving a career in Law, he decided to become a writer. Stevenson wrote poetry, prose and essays. However before the publication of Treasure Island (1883) he had  little success as a popular writer, but in the years that followed he wrote The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde(1886), Kidnapped, (1886) and others, which were all successful novels. He also produced some celebrated travel literature and a collection of poetry A Child’s Garden of Verses. Stevenson left Scotland after his marriage in 1880. He and his wife traveled widely searching for a climate that would help him recover from his life-long illness, tuberculosis. They settled on a Samoan Island, in the South Seas in 1888. His poor health worsened, however, and he died in 1894.

Pupil 9: Prince Charles Edward Stewart was Scotland’s national hero who fought against the English in the 18th century trying to make Scotland independent. Charles spent 20 years in Rome preparing to win back the Crown of Great Britain for his father and himself, and then returned to Scotland. The Highlanders were very proud that he still spoke Gaelic, and wore traditional tartan kilt. But his army was defeated. One of the most famous Scottish songs, known all over the world is “ My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean”. It is devoted to Prince Charles Edward Stewart who was known as Bonnie Prince Charlie because he was young and good-looking (bonnie). Let’s sing this song together!

Pupils sing : My Bonnie lies over the ocean,

        My Bonnie lies over the sea,

        My Bonnie lies over the ocean,

        Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

        Chorus: Bring back, bring back -

        Bring back my Bonnie to me, to me.

                      Bring back, bring back -

        Oh, Bring back my Bonnie to me.

        Last night as I lay on my pillow,

        Last night as I lay on my bed,

        Last night as I lay on my pillow,

        I dreamed that my Bonnie was dead.

         Chorus.

        Oh, blow you winds over the ocean,

        Oh, blow you winds over the sea,

        Oh, blow you winds over the ocean,

        And bring back my Bonnie to me.

        Chorus.

        The winds have blown over the ocean,

        The winds have blown over the sea,

        The winds have blown over the ocean,

        And brought back my Bonnie to me.

             Chorus.