Из опыта работы.Материал для урока английского языка на тему «Экологические проблемы современности».
методическая разработка (10 класс) по теме

Из опыта работы.

Материал для урока английского языка на тему

«Экологические проблемы современности».

      Нет необходимости говорить о том, как важно заинтересовать этой темой школьников. На  уроках английского языка в вашей школе мы вводим тему в том объеме, в какой с ней могут справиться учащиеся.

     Ниже предлагаю тексты и приемы работы с ними, предназначены для учеников IX-XI классов. В V-VIII классах можно использовать  этот материал в сокращенном и адаптированном варианте.

      Тексты  размножаем  в компьютерном классе.  Каждый ученик получает экземпляр.

      Работа над текстом предшествует работа  с таблицей, которая помещена на доске. Таблицей я называю схематический рисунок земного шара. Рисунками и надписями внутри окружности представлены важные экологические проблемы , которые перечислены   и в текстах, приведенных ниже. Начинаю с проблемы мусора, отходов  (rubbish problems) . Дети видят рисунок мусорного бака, а рядом слова: paper, metal, glass, plastic.

     Предлагаю небольшой  текст со словами rubbish.

T.:  The rubbish problem is very important. Every day you take your rubbish out. Do you? Does your mum ask you to take it out, or do you do it yourself, Sasha? And you,  Lena ? When do you do it ? How often do you take the rubbish out? Does your brother do it ? Whose duty is it to take the rubbish out ? What king of rubbish do you take out ? What happens to that rubbish then? People recycle it.

     (Даю  перевод , если учащиеся не отвечают на вопросы.)

Слова  rubbish  и recycle хором повторяем несколько раз.

     После такой работы со словами учащиеся, имея перед собой зрительную опору, хорошо запоминают слова, их произношения и значение .

     На следующем уроке словосочетание rubbish  problem повторяется , затем рассматривается другая проблема и новое слово: pollution.

     Таким образом , прежде чем приступить к работе с текстами , учащиеся основательно знакомятся с экологическими проблемами и усваивают нужную лексику .

     Работа с текстами закрепляет тот материал, который был усвоен устно.

Our Planet Is in Danger!

I

   Save our planet before its too lake! Humans have been living on this planet for two million years, and in the last two hundred years humans have made a mess of the planet: chopped trees, killed animals, polluted air, land, water, etc. Because of that we now have a lot of problems. Ill name just a few of them:  1) the greenhouse effect; 2) killing forests and animals ; 3) water , air and land pollution; 4) rubbish problems ; 5) nuclear power ,etc.

   Its easy for us to se what we are doing to the air we breather, water we drink , garbage we throw out ! What about the habitat we don’t see ? E. g., rainforests, deserts , grasslands, oceans, etc.? We don’t  see them, they are far away from us. What  does it have to do with us? It is difficult to understand, but everything on the planet is interconnected and when something goes wrong in some part of the world ,  everybody loses.

   The earth has been getting hotter because we are producing too many greenhouse gases . These gases hold heat . Trees and plants help to take gases hold heat . Trees and plants help to take gases ,such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but we have now destroyed too many trees. There aren’t enough trees and plants to do this job. We make carbon dioxide when we burn wood or drive cars. CFCs  ( other dangerous gases) are in refrigerators and spray cans. They are known for the damage they are doing to the ozone layer.

   Polluting gases fall as acid rains. Large forests and a lot of lakes have been ruined already. Smoking chimneys and car exhaust pipes are pumping tons of rubbish into the air all the time , and we breathe it in. The air in Yaroslavl is very much polluted. People fell it without any test. Doctors say that only 2-3 per cent of healthy babies are born in Yaroslavl .The  water is very much polluted too. People cannot bathe in the Volga river , and in 1990 we were told not to bathe in the Kotorosl either

                                                                 II

   There is a layer of gas called ozone. It covers the earth. It protects us the dangerous rays of the sun. But if ozone comes close to earth, in acid rains, for example, it is also very dangerous itself and causes diseases.      There are now holes in the ozone layer because there are too many «greenhouse» gases. Scientists say they are over the South Pole and over New York.

   Because the Earth is getting hotter, the ice is melting, the lever of the sea is slowly rising. Scientists say that in the year 2050 some parts of Great Britain will be under the sea.

   Other examples:

   In 1972 Finland and Russia had the hottest heat wave for over 100 years.

   In 1976 Europe had the worst drought for 100 years.

   In 1989 Britain had the longest and the hottest summer since people started to keep information about the weather.

   In 1990 Sweden had the warmest February for 300 years.

   A giant iceberg, the size of Hong Kong, is slowly melting. It is the world `s largest iceberg. It broke away from Antarctic. It was 152 km long and 35 km wide. Now it is 10 km shorter because it is melting.

                                                               III

   Nuclear power is cheap, clean and safe… sometimes. The explosion in Chernobyl shows it can go wrong. Nuclear weapons could destroy the world. Nuclear weapon tests increase the amount of radiation in the atmosphere. Nuclear power produces high-lever radioactive waste which can be dangerous of years.

   Before it`s too late, people have to change their way of life. We have to stop ruining the land, sea, and air.

   We can help clean up the planet!

   Следующий этап работы – привлечение внимания учащихся к проблеме сохранения окружающей среды. Предлагаю им список  бытовых электроприборов и образцы диалогов, затем школьники составляют свои диалоги.

   Список бытовых электроприборов: refrigerator, iron, cassette recorder, record player, hair dryer, desk lamp, vacuum cleaner.

   Образцы диалогов:

   -You`ve left light on, dear!

   -Who cares?

   -I do!

   -It`s wasting energy! At school I`m taught it`s expensive.

   -Oh, I`m sorry! I`ll never do it again.

   -I hope so.

   -Dad, you`ve left the iron on.

   -So what?

   -My teacher tells me to save energy.

   -Oh, my son, live and learn.

   Отработать предложенный материал в речи учащихся можно в форме игры. Тематика игр: строительство гаража в городском парке отдыха, курение школьников, сломанное дерево и т.д. Приведу примеры.

   T.: A stimulation game is a problem-solving game. Our problem today is construction of a garage very near our park. The drivers of the city decided to build a garage.  They cannot find a better place than our park.

   The angry citizens who live nearby are demanding with the Mayor of the city. Let us take part in the meeting. Let`s form a few groups. Who wants to speak for the Major? For the drivers? For the citizens? For the children?

   Be ready to make your speeches in there minutes.

   (There minutes later)

   Our meeting begins. The problem is a car park. Who would like to speak first?

   There Drivers: On behalf of the drivers we are ready to help the city with public traffic, which is and always has been problem. Having a garage means more jobs for the unemployed too.

   We can give you a drive!

   The citizens: On behalf of the citizens who live near the park we want to say that the air in Yaroslavl is very much polluted, the air in our district is especially badly polluted because there is the oil refinery nearby, and you are going to poison the air still more with car exhaust. We are against a garage.

   Keep the park green!

   The parents: On behalf of the parents we protest against building a garage near the park. Look at our children`s pale faces. The air smells awful, the water tastes bad, the traffic sounds terrible. The best place for a garage is out of town.

   Think of your future!

   The children: On behalf of the school students we`d like to tell you that this park is the only place where we can have fun.

   You are stealing our playground!

   The Major: Dear citizens! Your problems are our city problems. I promise I`ll do my best to solve this problem. I want to know which of you are for and against the garage. Let us vote.

   Thank you. Now I know your opinion. Thank you for coming and for the information I`ve got.

   Домашним заданием может быть сообщение о принятом решении мэра и о дальнейшем развитии событий.