Reading Numerals - апрель 2024
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (9 класс)

Writing Emails+ Reading Numerals

Перед числительными hundred, thousand, million ставится неопределенный артикль a или числительное one: 

100 – a (one) hundred
1 000 – a (one) thousand
1 000 000 – a (one) million

В составных числительных в пределах каждых трех разрядов перед десятками (или единицами) ставится союз and:

101 – a (one) hundred and one
350 – three hundred and fifty
529 – five hundred and twenty-nine
2 491 – two thousand, four hundred and ninety-one
7 512 – seven thousand, five hundred and twelve
27 403 – twenty-seven thousand, four hundred and three
1 225 375 – one million two hundred and twenty-five thousand three hundred and seventy-five

Годы:

Годы читаются не так как числа, а парами чисел.

Число 1764 – one thousand seven hundred and sixty-four
Год 1764 – seventeen sixty-four или в официальном языке: seventeen hundred and sixty-four

1900 – nineteen hundred
1907 – nineteen (oh) seven (в официальном языке: nineteen hundred and seven)
1764 – seventeen sixty-four (в официальном языке: seventeen hundred and sixty-four)
1890 – eighteen ninety (в официальном языке: eighteen hundred and ninety)

2000 год — the year two thousand

Начиная с 2001, годы читаются как количественные числительные:

2007 — two thousand (and) seven
Начиная с 2010 года всё чаще встречается чтение года как двух чисел: 
2014 - twenty fourteen, 2020 - twenty twenty 

Так, к примеру, 2013 год можно прочитать как (the year) two thousand (and) thirteen, либо twenty thirteen.

Температура

Цифра 0 читается как «zero»:

14⁰ — fourteen degrees
0⁰ — zero
-12⁰ — minus twelve (degrees) / twelve (degrees) below zero

+ 14 –  fourteen degrees above zero

Дробные числительные:

Простые дроби (Common Fractions):

1/2- a (one) half
1/4 — a (one) fourth (a (one) quarter)
2/3- two thirds
7/16 — seven sixteenths
1 ½ — one and a half

Десятичные дроби (Decimal Fractions):

0.1 – naught (zero*) point one или point one
0.01 – naught point naught one или point naught one
2.35 – two point three five

*zero в дробях используется в Американском английском

6. Проценты:

1% — one per cent
50% — fifty per cent
67.3% — sixty-seven point three per cent

Количественные числительные употребляются:

1. При обозначении глав, страниц, параграфов, актов пьес и т.д.

ПРИМЕР
Chapter five
Paragraph nine
Page twenty-nine

2. При обозначении номеров домов, комнат, трамваев, размеров обуви и предметов одежды.

ПРИМЕР
Он живет в квартире №10. – He lives in apartment ten.
Я обычно езжу на трамвае №5. – I usually take tram number five.
Он носит сороковой размер. – He wears size forty.

Порядковые числительные употребляются с именами собственными:

Henry VI – Henry the Sixth
Elizabeth I – Elizabeth the First
Elizabeth II – Elizabeth the Second
Charles I – Charles the First
Ivan IV (the Terrible) —  Ivan the Fourth

On this day/ on Monday

 Tasks

Упражнение 1. Сопоставьте:

Read the numerals:

230, 20 290, 298, 2937, 4689, 10 002, 761, 2037, 5932, 10 899, 348, 28, 13, 11, 12

 12; 2) 113; 3) 1546; 4) 1478; 5) 895; 6) 15; 7) 438; 8) 3. 22; 9) 2 000 000; 10) 141.

Read the numerals:

1/12, 2/9, 1/18, 3/10, 8/6, 4/5, 11/23, 7/8, 6/4, 5/16.

Read the dates:

 1827, 1927, 2009, 2002, 1754,1900, 2022, 1642, 863, 2010, 1892, 1928, 1945

Reading

Task 1 - 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

In 1642 a French student invented the first mechanical calculator. He was only 18 and the counting machine was a present for his father. The father worked as a tax collector and the young man wanted to make his job easier.

The talented inventor made several machines, but nobody was interested. The young man was ahead of his time. Many years passed before people realized how useful these machines could be and started mass producing them.

Today most mechanical calculators have been replaced with electronic models. These small devices can perform a lot of mathematical operations. You just need to enter the numbers by pressing the keys and you’ll see the final result on the screen in no time.

Task 1 - 2. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word “robot” appeared in the 1920s and it was first used in a science fiction story. In real life, the robot was invented later, in 1954. There are different kinds of robots which are used in different industries. Most of them are operated with the help of a computer program. Instead of humans, robots do hard and boring work in unpleasant or dangerous environments. They usually work faster and more accurately than people. They never get tired and do not make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for domestic needs – to clean houses or to look after sick and elderly people. Scientists say that soon robots will become a normal part of our life, like mobiles and computers today.

Pleasure – pleasant+ ly  – unpleasant

 Industry – industrial

Task 1 - 3. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud. 

Venus is one of the hottest planets in the Solar system. The temperature on its surface is 482 degrees. This unfriendly place looks much the same as the Earth 4 billion years ago. Both planets were formed from the same gas cloud, but Venus lost most of its water and atmosphere. This happened because the planet turns very slowly. As a result, now it has no magnetic field to protect it from the Sun's winds. The planet has turned into a lifeless desert. Most space modules that were sent to Venus, could not work on the planet more than two hours. The acidic clouds and high pressure quickly made them absolutely useless.

Task 1. - 4 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

We are always told that we should clean our teeth regularly to keep them healthy and to have fresh breath It is believed that people started using a kind of paste to clean their teeth around 5000 years ago. However, the ingredients of these tooth powders were very different from ours. For example, the people of ancient Egypt used salt, mint, dried flowers and pepper to create tooth powder. Later, in the 18th century, in some countries in Europe, people brushed their teeth with burnt bread. The first toothpaste appeared in 1890, in Great Britain. At first it was sold in jars. Then special tubes were designed to make the toothpaste more comfortable to use.

Task 1. – 5 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The Channel Tunnel is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel which links Great Britain and France. It is considered to be one of the most amazing engineering constructions in Europe. The second longest undersea tunnel in the world was opened in 1994. It is said that 13,000 workers and engineers participated in the construction project. The Channel Tunnel contains three tunnels. The south tunnel is for people who are travelling from France to the UK, the north tunnel takes passengers from the UK to France. Nowadays it takes 35 minutes to go from Paris to London in the Channel Tunnel. The third tunnel is a service tunnel. It is not used by passengers.

Task 1. – 6 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The word “tsunami” can be translated from Japanese as “big wave”. It describes a natural process that can be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after earthquakes. Most waves are born in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where volcanoes are active. The mass of water rises from the bottom of the ocean and moves to the shore. It moves at a speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters high. The wave is very powerful and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. Thousands of people were killed or went missing.

Task 1. - 7 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Wombats are exotic animals that only live in Australia. They have become an unofficial symbol of the country. In 1974 a wombat appeared on an Australian stamp for the first time. Since then it has been regularly used on different Australian stamps and coins. Wombats look like little bears and prefer grass to meat. They also love eating berries, plant roots and mushrooms. Like camels, wombats drink little water because there is enough water in fresh grass. Wombats spend most of their life in holes under the ground. With their strong arms and long nails they are able to dig very long and complex tunnels. Fortunately, wombats have few enemies in the animal world. Most wombats live around 15 years.

Task 1.  – 8 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The Caspian Sea is one of the world’s natural wonders. It shares the characteristics of both a sea and a lake. In the past it was called a sea because of its great size and salty water. However, the Caspian Sea is listed as the largest lake in the world. There are about 130 rivers which bring their water to the Caspian Sea. But it is not a freshwater lake –– its water is very salty. The Caspian Sea is famous for its wildlife. More than 850 kinds of animals can be found in this unique sea. The Caspian Sea region is also one of the oldest oil-producing areas in the world. It is also rich in other natural resources.

Task 1 - 9. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Nowadays solar energy is widely used as an alternative form of power. Solar panels transform the energy from the sun into electricity. The first plane that does not need fuel was constructed in France in 2015. It uses only the sun's energy. The panels are placed on the huge wings of the plane. It doesn’t fly very fast. Solar energy can make the plane move at only 140 miles an hour. However, the plane is able to travel round the world. It is safe and can successfully cross areas of bad weather. In the future, engineers hope to construct a model that people can fly in. Our dream of environmentally friendly transport may come true very soon. Would you like to take a flight on the solar plane?

Emails

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Maх: 

Write a message to Maх and answer his 3 questions. 

Write 100–120 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

Do household chores/ duties: do the washing-up, do the cleaning= clean the room, do the cooking, do shopping, do the vacuuming

Lazy – lazier

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Jim:

Persist in – persistent – persistence

Confident – confidence

Important – importance

Write a message to Jim and answer his 3 questions.

Write 100–120 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ann:

Be allergic to some products  (nuts/ dairy products)

Food: fatty/ salty/ exotic/ fast – harmful

Write a message to Ann and answer her 3 questions. 

Write 100–120 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ben: 

Write a message to Ben and answer his 3 questions. 

Write 100–120 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.