Analysis of William Henry Davies 's Leisure
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (9 класс)

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Leisure What is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare. No time to stand beneath the boughs And stare as long as sheep or cows. No time to see, when woods we pass, Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass. No time to see, in broad daylight, Streams full of stars, like skies at night. No time to turn at Beauty's glance, And watch her feet, how they can dance. No time to wait till her mouth can Enrich that smile her eyes began. A poor life this is if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare. Leisure

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Leisure is a simple yet beautiful and thought provoking poem written by William Henry Davies. The poet criticizes the life of modern man. We are so involved in the dull routine of daily life that we have no time to enjoy the beauty of nature that exists all around us. If we want to lead a happy and rich life, we are required to return to the world of nature. The poet criticized the modern man due to his materialistic nature and permanent aloofness from nature. The main theme is that we should abandon our material pursuits and establish a firm contact with nature to lead a rich and diverse life. The poem starts with a rhetorical question, i.e. the author is sure you will agree with him that it’s important to have free time. The idea of “stand and stare” has been focused all through the poem. THEME

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consists of “full stops” , “commas” and “apostrophe” . . Full stop: It is used seven times in this poem. Each full stop shows the completion of one sense. GRAPHOLOGICAL LEVEL We have no time to stand and stare. And stare as long as sheep or cows. Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass. Like skies at night. How they can dance. Enrich that smile her eyes began. We have no time to stand and stare. What is this life if, full of care, No time to see, when woods we pass, No time to see, in broad daylight, Streams full of stars, A poor life this if, full of care, No time to turn at Beauty’s glance, And watch her feet, Comma: It is used eleven times in this poem. The frequent use of comma reflects the sense of wandering. They emphasize the pauses for thought and reflection. STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE POEM LEISURE Apostrophe This is used only one time in this poem in the second last couplet. The capital B of Beauty shows the focusing message of the poet to modern man to turn towards nature. No time to turn at Beauty’s glance,

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Lexico- Syntactic level: Lexical item belongs to the distinctive language user and language use in this poem. The poem is divided into multiple lexical features. Nouns: All nouns are common. E.g. Life, time, boughs, sheep, woods, skies, cows. Verbs: Care, stand, stare, see, pass. Adverbs: Beneath, where, when. Adjectives: Full, broad, poor. In most part of this poem are fragments, except two full sentences, and the middle four stanzas can be looked as the continuous parts of the continuous adverbial clause. So, in this way it can bring emphasis to this part, and also make a deep impression on readers of what we have lost if we care too much but do not stand and stare.

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Phonological level Rhyme scheme: The end rhyme scheme in the first couplet of the poem is “aa”. End rhyme scheme in the second couplet is ‘’bb’’. In the third couplet is ‘’cc’’. In the fourth is ‘’dd’’. In the fifth couplet is ‘’ee’’ etc. This can be observed with examples from the poem . Care, stare Boughs,cows Light, night Glance, dance Can, began Alliteration: The same sound in the beginning of the words in a line is alliteration. The use of alliteration is in second couplet in the form of ‘’b’’ sound. Beneath the boughs Other alliteration of ‘’s’’, ‘’h’’, ‘’w’’ sounds in this poem are as under: Stare- sheep Her-how When-woods Enrich- eyes Streams- stars- skies Stand- stare Assonance The repetition of vowel sound in poetry is assonance. The assonance gives a rhythm to the poem. what is this life , in this line ‘I’ sound is repeated as assonance. Consonance W’S”T are repeated consonants which shows the limitedness of the poet. Repetition: It is a literary device which shows the same words a few times to make a thought visible. There is repetition of No time to sound seven times. The poet again and again puts focus of the reader on particular word. There are seven couplets and all these have repetition of No time to sound .

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The scheme in which the same words or phrases is repeated at the beginning of clause or sentences. For Example, here in this poem there is the repetition of No time to at the beginning of new line. No time to see, when wood we pass, No time to see, in broad daylight, No time to turn at beauty’s glance, Anaphora: I t is a trope in which the leading questions are asked is called rhetorical question. For Example: What is this life, if full of cares Rhetorical questions: In this poem a lot of examples of visual imagery. Someone standing beneath the bough (line 1, couplet 2) Cows and sheep grazing and enjoying the beauty around them (line2, couplet 2) Imagery: Language and style:

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