Презентация по теме: Saint-Petersburg is the second capital of our Motherland
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (6 класс)

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Saint-Petersburg is the second capital of our Motherland

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St. Petersburg is an absolutely unique city: founded in 1703 as a capital of Imperial Russia, it was built by European and Russian architects in European and not Russian traditional architectural style. At the same time, it has always been a Russian city, where Russian culture is presented in diverse ways: numerous arts and historical museums, Orthodox churches and cathedrals, theaters, music and concert venues, Russian art galleries, and tens of higher education institutions. A “Northern Venice”, St. Petersburg was founded in the delta of the powerful though short Neva River, which runs its waters from Ladoga Lake to the Gulf of Finland, parting in its lower reaches into many smaller rivers, forming dozens of islands, nowadays connected with hundreds of bridges. St. Petersburg is famous for its white nights, when it never gets dark for a couple of summer months, and for another several spring and summer months the sun goes down for only a few hours well after eleven p.m. The beauty of the city, bridges across the Neva going up every night to let the ships go from the Ladoga to the Gulf of Finland and vice versa, for sure compensate several weeks of short days in late November and December.

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St. Petersburg was founded as a multi-national and multi-confessional city. Residents of St. Petersburg are friendly and tolerant, and no changeable weather or winter winds will never chase away the attractiveness and magic charm of this city. Just give it a try! People from all over the world come to visit St. Petersburg and nobody has ever been disappointed and the only complaints you can here are that you can’t see everything within a short tourist visit. Don’t miss the opportunity!

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If the great cities of Europe competed for the title of ‘Most Beautiful’, St Petersburg would be right up there. The mix of history, culture and, contemporary life — those elements that make visit St Petersburg so compelling. In the midst of a new era of cultural expression, majestic historical buildings and classical artistic traditions are still preserved and valued by the locals. St Petersburg is home to Russia’s best preserved and most elaborate constructions from the extravagant Tsarist era. Brimming with baroque palaces, classical sculptures, royal gardens, and grandiose cathedrals, you can not simply miss to visit St Petersburg in your lifetime. Walking around the city is like wandering through a living museum. Although these architectural buildings were established hundreds of years ago, most were preserved and transformed into museums. Enjoy and feel the history and culture instilled in every room and wall of each infrastructure.

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You can fall in love with Saint-Petersburg. Having come to this city once you want to come back here again and again. You'll especially like it if you visit Saint-Petersburg at the end of May or at the start of June. It’s right the time of white night here. That means it’s not dark at night. Such a geographical singularity. And besides the weather here is very warm and sunny in this period of time

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It used to be Russia's most important city and, even after conceding its status as the country’s capital to Moscow, it remains a special place, admired and loved around the world. For three years in a row - from 2016 to 2018 - one city has won the World Travel Awards international prize for "World's Leading Cultural City Destination". It is St. Petersburg in Russia. It turns out that the jury has regularly been recognizing the "city on the Neva" as the cultural capital of the whole world, not just Russia. "Cultural capital is the old label given to St. Petersburg. In fact, the city on the Neva was declared the cultural capital of Russia only 20 years ago. But the phrase is indeed unusual: it is rare that a country has a separate "cultural capital". For example, London, Rome or Paris are the capitals of Britain, Italy and France in every sense of the word, including the number and quality of their theaters, museums, exhibitions and other attributes of culture.

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Just take a walk around St. Petersburg and you’ll inevitably cross the Neva River or one of the canals. Funny fact: Peter the Great loved two things more than anything else, engineering and European cities. And parties, but that’s another story. Anyway, he decided to combine those two passions when he built St. Petersburg. He designed it so that the city looked similar to Venice, the famous Italian city. It was also meant for commercial purposes because canals meant easy transportations – when the rivers and the canals aren’t frozen of course. There are multiple boat cruises along Fontanka river , the Kryukov canal , the Moika river and the Winter canal , as well as Neva river. So, if you are tired of walking you can just sit on a boat and enjoy St Petersburg from a different perspective.

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The City of White Nights – Город белых ночей ( Gorod belyh nochey ) St. Petersburg is definitely not worthy of this nickname during winter. In the summer months, however, the city is well known for its so-called white nights. One of the perks of living this far north are the endless summer days, where the sun shines all day and the light keep you company through the night. If you walk along Neva, you’ll find hundreds of tourists taking pictures next to some of the elevated bridges during nighttime.

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The Northern Palmyra – ( Severnaya Palmyra ) Russia’s cultural capital is not only the ‘Northern Venice’, but also the ‘Northern Palmyra’. Similarities between St. Petersburg and Venice are easy to spot: water, water and water. Palmyra does however not share the same geographical features, but both cities are oases in a sense – Syria in the desert and St. Petersburg as the capital of Russia (until 1918) in the marshes. Additionally, they served as trade centers along important trade routes. There are also similarities to be found between Catherine the Great’s reign in Russia in the 18th century and Queen Zenobia of the Palmyrene Empire, who were said to be powerful and determined women. Supposedly, these are the reasons why St. Petersburg to this day is called the Northern Palmyra.

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Between 1712 and 1918 St. Petersburg, founded by Peter the Great in 1703, was the capital of Russia in every sense of the word. The Emperors of the Romanov dynasty lived in this grandiose city, as close to Europe geographically as it is possible to be, and from here they ruled the country. The city was built at a time when Russia morphed from a country stewing in its own juice into a European power. The city became a symbol of transformation and of Russia’s turning towards Western culture. "St. Petersburg, one of the most beautiful cities in the world, owes its architectural excellence not just to Russian but also French and Italian architects. They created masterpieces completely intrinsic to St. Petersburg and themselves stayed here for the rest of their lives . Imperial St. Petersburg was a magnet for talented and ambitious people from the whole country, so St. Petersburg benefited most from the powerful cultural upsurge of the 18th and 19th centuries. "All notable writers, poets, painters, architects and composers sooner or later ended up in the capital . "They worked here, they suffered here (like Dostoyevsky, for example) and they enjoyed their fame here. Monuments, buildings and memorial plaques - everything reminds us of prominent people in Russian history."

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Sights of Saint Petersburg St. Petersburg has a true wealth of attractions and experiences to offer travelers, from spectacular Imperial palaces to quirky and absorbing museums, from boat trips along the city's majestic rivers and canals to walks in the footsteps of St. Petersburg's literary and artistic greats. In fact, there's more than enough to see and do in St. Petersburg to keep visitors entertained for weeks or even months. One of the biggest challenges for independent travelers is to work out what they will actually have time to fit in to their itinerary, particularly as St. Petersburg is one of Europe's largest cities, with the historical centre alone covering several square kilometers and some of the most famous attractions located far out in the suburbs.

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The architectural masterpiece of Palace Square Similar to the Red Square of Moscow, Palace Square ( Dvortsovaya Ploshchad ) is a public space where major historical Russian events took place including the Red October and the Bloody Sunday Massacre. As the city’s main square, political ceremonies and rallies still occur in the vast space every now and then. But festivals and concerts take place more often. It is also considered as one of the most fascinating architectural and historical ensembles in the world which combines baroque and neoclassical architectural styles.

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On the Northern side of the square, you will find the Baroque-style Winter Palace while opposite to the elegant green and white palace is the equally appealing neoclassical General Staff Building . It served as the home of the Imperial Army General Staff, Tsarist Foreign Ministry, and Ministry of Finance and is currently used as offices by the government in the west wing and as part of the Hermitage Museum in the east wing. What enables to meet the east and west wings is the triumphal arch which also leads you to the famous Nevsky Prospekt . The Royal Guards’ General Staff Building on the eastern side is also being used as government offices. While on the west of the square is where you can see the Admiralty which serves as naval college and was Russia’s Naval Headquarters. At the centre of the building is the golden Admiralty Tower , the focal point of the city’s main streets: Nevsky Prospect, Gorokhovaia Street, and Voznesensky Prospekt . Another attraction on the square’s west is the Admiralty Garden which is a must visit especially during spring and summer. On the centre of the Palace Square stands the Alexander Column . It commemorates Russia’s victory over Napoleonic France and is named after Alexander I, the ruler during that era. Standing next to the column, you will surely realize that the square itself is almost enough for you to visit St Petersburg.

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The magnificent Hermitage Museum With over three million items, the Hermitage Museum is considered the second largest museum in the world. It is estimated that it will take 11 years for an individual to view each display item for one minute. Filled with artworks of Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Monet, and other artists the Tsars have collected, you just can’t simply miss to see this museum when you visit St. Petersburg. It serves as a symbol of St Petersburg’s (and of Russia’s) love for art, history, and culture. There are several sites that constitute the whole complex, but the main museum is the Winter Palace which is the reason why the Hermitage is called “museum-palace” and not just a museum.

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Venice of the North Sharing the name “Venice of the North” with six other cities, St Petersburg has a network of stunning canals and bridges just like Venice. Known for having extravagant palaces, museums, and theatres, it can be tiring to see and discover all of them just by walking around the city. That’s why we recommend you to take some time out for a leisurely canal cruise through the heart of the city. A cruise is necessary when you visit St Petersburg. It gives you the opportunity to sail under photogenic bridges and see most of the city’s famous landmarks along the way.

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There are several rivers and canals which you could sail through to see the city from different angles. Neva River is the main waterway of the city and almost all major attractions can be seen from a boat tour along the river. Moyka River is a narrow river that when you decide to cruise around, you’ll find the Court Stables —where Alexander Pushkin’s funeral was held, the Glinka State Academic Capella , and St Isaac’s Square . Zimnyaya Kanavka (Winter Canal) although a short canal is considered the most romantic spot in the city because of its scenic and pleasant view. It connects the Neva and Moyka rivers in the Winter Palace area. The last waterway that we would like to feature is the Kryukov Canal . We believe that a greater recognition must be made for this canal because of its particular history and since the Mariinsky Theatre, New Holland, and the Bell Tower of St. Nicholas Cathedral sit on its banks. However, if you can’t get enough of cruising through Russian waters when you visit St Petersburg, why not opt for a longer cruise? We offer Russian river cruise , on which you’ll take in the sights, sounds, and history of Russia’s heartland from the comfort of a modern cruise vessel.

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The spectacle of the Neva bridges opening Being one of the largest rivers in Europe and one of the world’s shortest river, the Neva River deserves a separate piece. As I wrote above, most of the main attractions in the city can be easily seen from a boat sailing through the river or simply just from any spot on the banks of the river. Navigation season in Saint Petersburg starts in April and ends in November. During this period drawbridges (moveable bridges that let ships pass through) of St Petersburg are opened for a few hours during the night. Although the raising of the bridge is one of the prominent reasons why tourists want to visit St Petersburg, the actual reason is to let cargo ships to pass up and down the river. A walk along the embankments or a ride on a cruise boat in the Neva river will surely leave an unforgettable impression of the city at night.

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The awe-inspiring churches & cathedrals Although several Orthodox churches were destroyed during the Russian Revolution, these churches and every church that was left were returned to the Diocese of St. Petersburg for reconstruction. Each church in the city today has equally fascinating history and beauty —inside and out. For those who are devoted to doing a pilgrimage annually, these exquisite churches are the reason why they visit St Petersburg. The architectural design of each church is striking that it makes every structure irresistible to stare at.

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If St. Basil’s Cathedral is one of the reasons to visit Moscow , The Church of the Savior of the Spilled Blood is one of Russia’s. It has a Medieval Russian architecture —distinct from the common Baroque and Neoclassical styles of most buildings in St. Petersburg, The church also claims to have the largest collection of mosaics in the world that depicts scenes and characters from the Bible. It was where Alexander II was murdered, thus, earning its unique name. Dedicated to Our Lady of Kazan, Kazan Cathedral is considered as the most sacred icon of Russia. When you go enter the impressive bronze doors, you can immediately notice that the cathedral features various Russian sculptures, paintings, and icons. St. Isaac’s Cathedral is the largest cathedral in St. Petersburg and fourth in the world. Its dome was illuminated with gold and twelve statues of angels. The entire cathedral amounted to one million golden rubles. During the Soviet government, the cathedral was denounced as a religious place. Instead, the government established a Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism on the cathedral itself.

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However, after the fall of the Soviets, religious practice was resumed and the museum was kept open. One of the most bizarre churches, Chesme Church was built as the house church of the Chesme Palace . What makes it unusual is its Gothic-style architecture which is shaped like a cake and is striped in pink and white. Smolny Cathedral, Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, Church of Ss. Simeon and Anna, and Church of the Epiphany of the Mother of God are just some of the incredible churches you definitely should not miss seeing when you visit St Petersburg.

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Tsarskoye Selo (Pushkin) Home to not one but two vast 18th century palaces, surrounded by beautifully landscaped parkland with a rich variety of follies and monuments, Tsarskoye Selo is a testament to the immense wealth and lavishness of the Romanov Imperial family. The rococo Catherine Palace by Bartolomeo Rastrelli , a sister building to his Winter Palace in the city centre , is the most famous attraction, particularly thanks to the extraordinary Amber Room, but there are many other highlights to see, with almost every great St. Petersburg architect of the 18th and early-19th centuries contributing something to the ensemble.

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Bronze Horseman St. Petersburg's most famous public monument, this equestrian statue to Peter the Great is not only one of the most instantly recognizable symbols of St. Petersburg - like the Statue of Liberty for New York or the Eiffel Tower for Paris - it is also the subject of one of the greatest poems in the Russian language, Alexander Pushkin's The Bronze Horseman: A Petersburg Tale . Completed in 1782, the statue took 12 years of work by the French sculptor Étienne Maurice Falconet, recommended to Catherine the Great by Denis Diderot himself. The pedestal of the monument, the "Thunder Stone", is purportedly the largest ever moved by man.

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The Bronze Horseman Alexander Pushkin I love you, Peter’s great creation, I love your aspects, soft and hard, The flow of Neva’s great migration That courses through her granite guard, The iron tracery of your railings, Pellucid twilight, moonless sheen, Your placid evenings’ thoughtful trailings , And time in my apartment mean Spent studying in lamp-less glimmer, And sleeping buildings’ gentle shimmer Of empty streets, as if aflame The Admiralty’s gold spire of fame, And how the dawn, forbidding capture Of gilded heavens night can’t claim, Dismounts to stablish gilded rapture… Oh Peter’s city, flaunt yourself, As Mother Russia stand defiant, Defeated nature will herself Your servant be, to you compliant; May Finnish waves in rout forget Their enmity and hold of ages And may they cease, those stormy rages, And never Peter’s rest beset!

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Alexander Pushkin (1799 – 1837) Although the great poet was born in Moscow, St Petersburg played a significant role in his life, education, and artistic development. There, in 1820, he wrote his first long poem, Ruslan and Ludmila . Later, after his travels around Caucasus and Crimea, the poet returned to St Petersburg. The main character of one of his most renowned poems, Evgenyi Onegin , also lived in St Petersburg. It was also in St Petersburg where the dramatic, and deadly for Pushkin, duel took place .

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Interesting facts about Saint Peterburg Already in the end of the 19th century, St. Petersburg became the largest in Russia and one of the most important industrial, credit and stock exchange centers in Europe. In 1913 there were 1, 012 large and medium-scale industrial firms with 234,000 employees. After the government of the country moved to Moscow in 1918, the Northern Capital became the second most important city in Russia. For the past several years, however, St. Petersburg has been actively restoring its former role of the wide-open "gateway" of Russia to the outer world. St. Petersburg, which is located in the center of the intersection of sea, river, and land routes, is the European gateway of Russia and its strategic center, the closest point to the countries of the European Community. St. Petersburg is the second largest (after Moscow) city in the Russian Federation. The area of the city is 606 km², if counted with the closes environs located in the lowland close to the Neva and along the Gulf, the total area is 1,439 km². The geographic coordinates of the center of the city are 59º57' North latitude and 30º19' East longitude. One of nicknames of St. Petersburg is the Northern Venice. Internal waters occupy about ten per cent of its territory.