Дидактический материала для подготовки к EГЭ по английскому языку
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (11 класс)

Поторочина Ольга Борисовна

Данный дидактический материал содержит задания для подготовки выполнения заданий 39 и 40 (ПЧ), ЕГЭ

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Разработка комплекта дидактических материалов  для подготовки выпускников  к сдаче ЕГЭ

Цель работы: разработать комплект дидактических материалов, который поможет учащимся успешно выполнить задание С2 в разделе «Письмо».

Задачи:

1. Провести исследование уровня подготовки обучающихся к формату ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

2. Выявить задания, в которых учащиеся допускают наибольшее количество ошибок.

3. Подготовить материалы, которые помогут учащимся выполнять задания по определённому алгоритму.

Предлагаемый материала предназначен для систематической подготовки к выполнению заданий открытого типа (раздел «Письмо» С 2) на ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Он поможет автоматизировать умения обучающихся в области письменной речи и научить успешно выполнять данное задание по определённому алгоритму, позволяющему получить на экзамене высокий балл. Для написания эссе предложены модели письменного высказывания, включающие разделение на абзацы и слова-связки. Тренировочные задания предназначены для учащихся 10 – 11-х классов. Тематика заданий охватывает вопросы и проблемы, указанные в Кодификаторе элементов содержания и требований к уровню подготовки выпускников образовательных учреждений.

Схема ответа в задании C2

Абзац

Цель

Рекомендуемые клише

Комментарии

1

Представление темы

  • Some people say that …  .  At the same time there are people who think differently.
  • Some people think that …  . At the same time, others consider that …  .
  • Nowadays some people may hold the opinion that …  Others agree that …
  • Some people hold the idea that …  . Others believe that …  .

Во вступлении следует перефразировать тему. Абзац должен приглашать к дальнейшей дискуссии.

2

Выражение собственного мнения

  • In my opinion/ I think/ I believe/ From my point of view/ As far as I am concerned/ It seems to me that …
  • I strongly support the idea that …  
  • My arguments for this point of view are listed as follows.

Firstly, / First of all, /…

Secondly,/ Besides, / Moreover, …

Thirdly,/  What is more, …

В этом абзаце надо чётко сформулировать своё мнение и подкрепить его аргументами. Возможно использование 2 – 3 аргументов.

3

Введение противоположной точки зрения

  • However, not all people share my point of view …
  • Nevertheless, we can find a contrary opinion …
  • However, some people think that …
  • At the same time we can find another opinion.
  • We can find a contrary opinion. According to it …  
  • Some people disagree because they are sure that …  

Надо не только выразить противоположную точку зрения, но и привести аргументы её сторонников. Возможно использование только одного аргумента.

4

Объяснение, почему автор не согласен с этой точкой зрения

  • I am afraid I cannot agree with this opinion as I think …
  • To my mind it is hard to accept that …
  • As for me I am not sure that it is true.
  • Personally, I believe that …  
  • However, I cannot agree with the opinion completely. I am sure that …  

В этом абзаце надо показать неубедительность тех доводов. Которые были приведены в предыдущем абзаце.

5

Заключение, обобщение сказанного, подтверждение своего мнения, высказанного выше

  • As you see the problem has two sides. As for me, I still feel that …
  • According to the arguments presented above, I can note …
  • All in all, …
  • In conclusion I would like to stress that …
  • To conclude, I would like to note that …  
  • In conclusion, it is important to emphasize …  

В заключении необходимо ещё раз подтвердить своё мнение, желательно другими словами.

Пример написания сочинения 1

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that the main purpose of school is to broaden student’s minds. Others believe that it should be the development of social skills.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

Essay Model 1

The 1st paragraph

Nowadays people may hold an opinion that  …

Others argue that …

The 2nd paragraph

As far as I am concerned, …

Firstly, …

Secondly, …

Thirdly, …

The 3rd paragraph

Nevertheless, we can find a contrary opinion. According to it …

The 4th paragraph

I am afraid I cannot agree with the people. I think …

The 5th paragraph

In conclusion, there is no doubt that …

Bank of arguments

Opinions

Arguments

Some people think that the main purpose of school is to broaden student’s minds

  1. Pupils can’t continue their study at the university without this knowledge.
  2. Teachers can’t form a pupils personality without deep knowledge in different fields of science.
  3. It is impossible to develop our society if its members don’t have knowledge.

The main purpose of school should be the development of social skills.

  1. The development of social skills provides pupils with a real preparation for life.
  2. If school doesn’t develop social skills, pupils won’t be able to become active members of the society.
  3. Any person cannot be happy if he/ she doesn’t have these skills. That’s why school must develop them.

Пример написания сочинения 2

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that comfort and modern conveniences make people less energetic and active.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

Essay Model 2

The 1st paragraph

These days some people may hold an opinion that  …

Others warn that …

The 2nd paragraph

It seems to me that  …

First of all,  would like to stress that …

Additionally, …

Last but not least, …

The 3rd paragraph

Nevertheless, some people believe that  …

The 4th paragraph

As for me I am sure that …

The 5th paragraph

To sum up …

Bank of arguments

Opinions

Arguments

Some people think that the main purpose of school is to broaden student’s minds

  1. People like living in comfortable conditions and they don’t want to change anything.
  2. They do not have any motivation to realize different activities.
  3. People do not see problems because they spend their time watching TV or playing computer games.

The main purpose of school should be the development of social skills.

  1. Modern conveniences make people’s life easier and people have time to do a lot of useful things.
  2. The nature of people is based on the development: they want to improve the world they live in.
  3. Some modern conveniences can be improved. That’s why people are energetic.

Evaluation table

Критерии оценивания

Элементы оценивания

Баллы

Объём высказывания соответствует поставленной задаче: 200 – 250 слов

К1. Решение коммуникативной задачи (Содержание)

Вступление – постановка проблемы

Мнение автора с 2 – 3 аргументами

Противоположная точка зрение с 1 – 2 аргументами

Объяснения, почему автор не согласен с противоположной точкой зрения (контраргументы)

Заключение с подтверждением позиции автора

Стилевое оформление выбрано правильно

Итоговый балл (максимальный балл – 3)

К2. Организация текста

Логичность

Деление на абзацы

Использование средств логической связи

Итоговый балл (максимальный балл – 3)

К3. Лексика (максимальный балл – 3)

К4. Грамматика (максимальный балл - 3)

К5. Орфография и пунктуация (максимальный балл - 2)

Итого баллов (максимальное количество баллов – 14):

Примерные темы для сочинений

1. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that nowadays teenagers prefer virtual friends to real ones.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

2. Comment on the following statement.

Some people believe that the career which young people choose should please their parents.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

3. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that video games cause violent behaviour.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

4. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that ecological problems can be solved only by governments and businessmen.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

5. Comment on the following statement.

Some people believe that sport is a good way to develop a strong character.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

6. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that comfort and modern conveniences make people less energetic and active.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

7. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that having pets help to reduce stress.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

8. Comment on the following statement.

Some people believe that the most important thing in life is family.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

9. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that doing sports helps to be in good mood.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion

10. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that life-long friendship exists only in books and films.

Do you agree with the statement? What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

  • make an introduction (state the problem)
  • express your personal opinion and give 2 – 3 reasons for your opinion
  • express an opposing opinion and give 1 – 2 reasons for this opposing opinion
  • express why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
  • make a conclusion restating your opinion


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