Книга для учителя Rainbow English 9 класс
учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку (9 класс)

Тематическое планирование

Тексты для аудирования к учебнику

Unit 1

Step 2

Аудиозапись № 2 к упражнению 1

Yesterday Channel 1 showed the programme “We Travel Around the World”. It was devoted to New Zealand. New Zealand is a small country. It’s about the same size as California, but it has white beaches, volcanoes, deserts, rainforests, mountains and farmland too. Some people call New Zealand a natural park because of its amazing geography. Some part of the programme was devoted to the kiwi bird, which is New Zealand’s national symbol. By the way, kiwi is the nickname for someone who is from New Zealand. Unfortunately, the bird has become an endangered species. Animals like dogs and cats are killing one kiwi every two hours. Now the government is planning to make ten special areas in New Zealand to keep animals away from the kiwi.

Channel 2 showed the programme about an Afro-American festival. Its name is Kwanzaa. It is celebrated in December when Europeans celebrate Christmas and New Year. Thousands of families celebrate this festival. It started in the sixties of the previous century when many black people who lived in America wanted a special day to celebrate their culture. “Kwanzaa” means “first fruit” in the African language Swahili. It isn’t a religious festival, but it is about helping other people and working together.

Channel 3 prepared a programme devoted to coming spring. A lot of Europeans celebrate Easter in spring. The British people give chocolate eggs and rabbits to their family and friends. Rabbits and eggs are symbols of a new life in spring. But in eastern countries there is a different way to celebrate spring. Eastern churchmen walk barefoot on fire during the Nagatoro Fire Festival. The ceremony happens every year. The church people celebrate spring and hope for good luck and protection during the coming year.

Step 3

Аудиозапись № 6 к упражнению 1

TELEVISION IN THE CLASSROOM

I have been using television in the classroom for ten years already. I began doing it as a teacher of English. My work with pupils shows that if you use television, your classes become more interesting for schoolchildren. Television can bring real scenes of English life into the classroom, which is important because many learners of English seldom have a chance to speak or to listen to people from England, America or other English-speaking countries. Television programmes can be especially useful for those people who live far from big cities and have no chance to visit language centres or watch foreign films in the cinema.

Television educational programmes help students to understand a lot of facts in different subjects. And it is certainly much easier to learn the things which you have seen. From television programmes teachers can draw materials to inform their learners practically about anything.

Аудиозапись № 7 к упражнению 3

CALLING HOME

It is Wednesday afternoon. Mr Robin Warren is away on business. He is calling his butler Luke to know what is being done for the party he is going to have when he returns home.

— Good morning, Luke! How is it going? Can you tell me?

— Everything is all right, sir.

— What about the invitation cards?

— They are being written, sir.

— And my partners Mr and Mrs Wilkins? Are they informed of the party?

— I’m not sure they are, sir. Yesterday when I returned home, Mr Wilkins was being called by your secretary, but unfortunately at that moment your partner was away. But don’t worry, sir. Mr Wilkins will be informed either today or tomorrow.

— And what about the big hall, Luke?

— Everything is all right, sir. The hall is being decorated at the moment and the curtains are being washed. I think they will be hung on the windows in the evening already.

— Have you prepared the decorations?

— We think that can be done a little later. The flowers will be bought on Friday, sir. Everything will be done, sir, before you come.

— Very good, Luke. Bye.

— Goodbye, sir. Hope to see you soon.

Step 4

Аудиозапись № 8 к упражнению 1

A. The goldfish is a type of carp that are usually gold, gold and black, or gold and white in colour. They are easy to keep at home in aquariums or ponds. Goldfish came originally from China. They can grow up to 12 in. (30 cm) long and may live for 20 years or more.

B. The sea horse is a fish, but it doesn’t look like a fish at all. Its head looks like a pony’s, and its tail is like a snake’s. Sea horses can be found in nearly all warm seas. They belong to the pipefish family, and their food is small sea animals and eggs of other fish. Sea horses never eat a dead thing. There are about 50 different kinds or species of sea horses. Sea horses are seen only in the summer and they are known as summer fish. Nobody knows what happens to them in the winter.

C. Once elephants used to inhabit many parts of the Earth. Now they are found in their wild state only in Africa and tropical Asia. Elephants are the largest land animals, and in many ways, among the most interesting. They are wild, gentle and clever. Some of them are easily trained. Indian elephants, for example, can be trained to move and carry heavy things. African elephants are harder to tame. They live almost as long as people. Nowadays most of them are protected by law.

D. Kangaroos live mostly to the south of the equator. They mainly live on grassy plains and feed on plants. There are more than 50 kinds of kangaroo. Red and grey kangaroos are the largest. A red kangaroo may be taller than a man. Grey kangaroos can move at a speed of 25 miles per hour, or 40 km per hour. Their long tails help them to balance. The smallest of all are rat kangaroos. They are about the size of a rabbit.

Step 5

Аудиозапись № 9 к упражнению 1

— What are you going to do tonight, Ron?

— Nothing special. I may go out for a walk or read a book. And what about you, Jane?

— I usually spend my evenings in front of the telly. Tonight there is my favourite serial on Channel 2 and another serial on Channel 5. I watch them both.

— Really? I never match serials. I believe they take up too much time.

— What do you watch then?

— I may watch a good comedy. From time to time I watch documentaries and I regularly watch the nine o’clock news.

— I watch the news too and I never miss a good concert.

— I see. Personally, I prefer to spend more time outdoors or meet my friends. I like to do something active. Watching television is not in my line.

Аудиозапись № 10 к упражнению 3

It is Saturday morning. Mr Robin Warren has just arrived home. He is talking to his butler Luke. He wants to know if everything is ready for the party.

R. W.: Good morning, Luke! Do you think everything has been done yet?

L.: I am sure, sir. I know that the hall has been decorated, the flowers have been bought and put in the vases. The tables have been prepared and extra chairs have been brought in. Would you like to walk about the house and see it for yourself?

R. W.: Yes, Luke, I think I would. What about the windows and the curtains?

L.: The windows have been cleaned and the curtains have been washed and hung. The hall looks very impressive, indeed, especially when all the lamps are turned on.

R. W.: Yes, it is not bad-looking, I agree. But, Luke, how about the invitation cards? Have they been sent to all the visitors?

L.: Quite so, sir. By the way, I know you like to have live music, so some musicians have been invited. I’m glad to inform you, sir, that their instruments are just being unpacked and they are being put in the big sitting room at the moment.

R. W.: Good, Luke, and the dishes? Has everything been cooked?

L.: Certainly, sir. Your favourite cake is being finished at the moment, and the tables will be laid a bit later.

Step 6

Аудиозапись № 13 к упражнению 1

INTERVIEW WITH A FILM STAR

Answer 1. My father is Italian and my mother is American and my grandfather was Afro-American. So as you see I’m multicultural.

Answer 2. No, I’m a poor kid from New York. When people say that they want to pay me $20 million for a movie, it’s difficult for me to say “no!”.

Answer 3. For many years I did all kinds of jobs. I worked in a night club, sold computers, did other things. My idea was to make enough money to finance my own film. I did it, made the film and played a part in it. Steven Spielberg saw it and offered me a part in his new blockbuster. When the film was shown, I understood that I had become well known.

Answer 4. I think it’s my mother. She is my greatest fan but when she doesn’t like my acting, she always tells me this, rather tactfully though. We have always been good friends. Mum knows all my secrets and I ask her for advice.

Answer 5. Tom Hanks once said to me: “The most difficult thing in business is learning how to say no.”

Step 7

Аудиозапись № 15 к упражнению 1

Parent 1

My son doesn’t spend much time before the screen. He is very much interested in sport but he doesn’t often watch football matches or other games on TV. Instead every weekend he goes to the stadium with his father or his friends. Very often he himself takes part in sports and games. Sometimes he watches matches and games at the stadium. He prefers them to television.

Parent 2

In my opinion television helps our children a lot. It helps them to develop. You can see so much, you can meet so many interesting people, you can get so much important information. Watching different talk shows and other programmes they understand that the world they live in has a lot of problems. Television helps children to understand the modern world. My daughter watches television a lot.

Parent 3

I always let my son watch television if he wants to. First, television keeps him busy and quiet. Then, he doesn’t ask me his endless questions and I can read a book or do some things about the house. There is always something interesting for him to watch with so many channels on TV.

Parent 4

I hate television myself. There is so much aggression and violence on TV. The language used in many films is bad. The colours on the screen are too bright, the speech of news presenters is too fast and then I am sure television badly influences children’s eyes. So I never let my child watch it longer than 2 hours a day. We always choose a programme he is going to see together and in most cases I watch it with him.

Parent 5

My daughter is rather small and I let her watch only cartoons on TV. Sometimes if there is a good children’s film on she may also watch it. But I think that nowadays television does more harm than good. Children can see so much violence and cruelty on the screen. So the less time they spend in front of the screen the better. In fact my daughter watches only those programmes which I let her watch.

Step 9

Аудиозапись № 18 к упражнению 1

A l i c e:  What’s the matter? You look so sleepy. Sleepy and tired.

B e t t y:  I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock in the morning yesterday night.

A l i c e:  Why? What was the matter?

B e t t y:  I played a new computer game. It was so interesting that I couldn’t stop.

A l i c e:  Oh, I know how it happens. That’s why I play on the computer only when I’m on holiday but never before school.

B e t t y:  That’s very clever of you. Maybe I should do the same. Do you spend a lot of time in front of your computer?

A l i c e:  No, not really. I mostly use it to find some information I need or to send messages to my friends. Sometimes I chat online but not very often. I never spend time surfing the Internet.

B e t t y:  Really? In fact, it can be fun.

A l i c e:  Not for me. I get bored surfing the Net very soon and feel sorry about the time I spend on it.

Step 10

Аудиозапись № 20 к упражнению 1

Speaker A

I’m a van driver and carry different goods from Russia to Finland and back. It usually takes me rather long to get to the place I need and I spend much time in my van. So you can guess that I usually listen to the news and not often watch it. For me, it’s the best way to get information.

Speaker B

I think the current news can be easily found with the help of the computer. I work in an office so my computer is always at hand. There you can find all the information you need and often you can’t find it anywhere else. The information I get from the Net is quite enough to me.

Speaker C

I’m a student leading a very busy life. I want to become a journalist and I certainly need a lot of information about different things. Where do I get it from? I say all ways are good. I can learn the news in the intervals during the film I’m watching or surfing the Net, or listening to the radio. Every little helps, you know.

Speaker D

The Internet is full of information and offers us a lot of services, sometimes for free. I certainly use this medium to find the news I need though I can’t be always sure that what I read from the screen is absolutely true.

Speaker E

I’m not very much interested in the news. I think what is happening to me and my family are more important things. Naturally I know what is happening to all of us. That’s why I don’t think it is necessary to surf the Net or watch television trying to find information about the latest events. It is quite enough to read some lines about it in a paper.

Unit 2

Step 2

Аудиозапись № 23 к упражнению 1

Once a long time ago, at the end of the 19th century in London a young doctor sat waiting for new patients, but they never came. The doctor had nothing to do and to pass the time he began writing stories about a man who was very good at solving crimes. These stories became so popular that the doctor decided to stop practising medicine and do full-time writing instead. The doctor’s name was Arthur Conan Doyle, the man who created Sherlock Holmes.

As you probably remember, Sherlock Holmes and doctor Watson lived at 221b Baker Street. Now this house has a museum opened in 1990. Everything in the Sherlock Holmes Museum speaks of the stories we know so well. The Sherlock Holmes Museum is not like other museums, it is more like a home. You can sit in Holmes’s armchair by the fireplace, take his things to have a better look at them. When you walk about the museum, you feel that the great detective has just left the room for a moment, and Mrs Hudson is somewhere in the kitchen, and you’ll see her entering the room with a tray of teacups.

Step 3

Аудиозапись № 24 к упражнению 1

Book 1

“A Princess in Tatters”, by Elsie Oxenham is certainly my favourite book. I got it as a present for my 10th birthday. I really loved that book, and read it lots of times but, unfortunately, once I gave the book to a friend and it got lost. The years passed, I grew up, came to live in Canada, but I never forgot my book and often told my family how much I would like to read it again.

Unknown to me, one of my sons had remembered this and the name of the book and decided to see if he could find a copy through the Internet. He was lucky to find one. So, when I opened my Christmas presents, I was, after nearly sixty-five years, once again holding my favourite book. I cried with happiness. Now I keep the book on my bedside table and often reread it.

Book 2

I open my favourite book every day, as it contains so much history, and stories of people and their lives, words of wisdom. This book is like a library — it gives so much information. It contains the most important story of all time. I’m no longer young and I live alone far from my daughter and her children, my grandsons. I’m too old to travel and most of my friends are dead, but I seldom feel lonely because my Bible keeps me company. My book is very special to me. I begin every day with reading it.

Book 3

My husband and I live in the street called Courtney Gate. Once I was going to visit my daughter in Berlin, and wanted a book to read on the plane. As I like animal stories, my eyes fell on “Тhе Animals Came in One by One” by Buster Lloyd Jones, so I bought it, read it and enjoyed it. Some time later I read his second book “Come into My World” and loved it too.

Step 4

Аудиозапись № 26 к упражнению 1

HOW IT ALL BEGAN

Science-fiction, or sci-fi stories appeared in the 19th century with the development of science and technology. One of the fathers of sci-fi literature was Jules Verne, a French writer. At the beginning of his career, Jules Verne wrote stories and newspaper articles and was not very successful. He became famous when in 1863 he started a series of stories about imaginary journeys into the unknown.

Verne’s journeys took his readers to the North Pole, under the sea, to the centre of the Earth and other worlds. In his book “From the Earth to the Moon” Jules Verne describes a trip around the Moon. His characters only look at the Moon but don’t walk on it.

Another science-fiction writer, Herbert George Wells, an Englishman, actually put his characters on the Moon in his book “The First Men on the Moon”. Wells began his career as a teacher, then wrote for a newspaper and finally became a popular writer. Herbert Wells did not only entertain the reader with his stories, he also asked important questions about people’s life in the future. Wells was the first author to write about machines of war, a kind of atom bomb and many other things that later in the 20th century became very real. He first wrote that the Earth could be visited by life forms which might be violent and cruel to people. Well’s most famous book is probably “The Invisible Man”. Griffin, the main character, makes a scientific experiment because he wants power. As a result he loses his body and his contact with other people.

Step 5

Аудиозапись № 27 к упражнению 1

THE FIRST PRINTING PRESS

The first printing was done in China and Japan in the 5th century. At that time books were very hard to make and few people could read or write, so when a new book appeared it was a great event and each book was unique.

The first printers used blocks of wood and cut letters and pictures in them. The process was slow and hard. It took nearly a thousand years before any real change was made in book printing.

Many men worked on the problem. Johann Gutenberg, a German printer living in Mainz, is generally believed to be the first man who solved the problem. Gutenberg had the idea of using metal instead of wood and make the metal plates move. He printed his first book, the famous Gutenberg Bible, by this method between 1453 and 1456. Gutenberg’s letters could be easily put into words, lines and pages. This system is still in use today.

In England the first real printing press was used by William Caxton. He had learned the method of printing in Germany. In 1477 Caxton’s press at Westminster produced “Dictes”, the first dated book printed in England. Altogether, Caxton published more than 90 books, they included his own translating from French and Latin.

Step 6

Аудиозапись № 28 к упражнению 1

Nikolai Gumilyov was born in 1886. When a child, he was a great reader and began writing poems very early. Most of all the boy liked to read about far-away countries and travelling.

At the age of 12 he made his first journey when his family moved to Tiflis, now Tbilisi. Nikolai loved living in the south where the sun was so bright and the sky was so blue. In Tiflis he published his first poem in a real grown-up newspaper.

The family returned to St Petersburg where Nikolai went to a grammar school. The boy was not among the best pupils, but the Head of the school, Innokenty Annensky, a poet himself, understood very early how talented the boy was. After finishing school Nikolai left home for Paris, where he became a student in the Sorbonne University. He still dreamed about travelling. Most of all he wanted to see Africa. His father didn’t like the idea and the young man secretly saved some of the money his parents sent him. In 1907 his dream came true, he went to Africa: first to Egypt and then to Sudan. Before going away he had written a lot of letters to his parents and asked his friends to send them to St Petersburg, to his parents as he didn’t want them to know about his trip.

Africa caught his imagination, he fell in love with it as soon as he saw it. He travelled about the continent more than once and helped to study the life and culture of its peoples. But what is more important, the new impressions made him write some of his best poems.

Step 7

Аудиозапись № 31 к упражнению 1

Speaker 1

It’s always hard work choosing books for children. I sometimes remember the books I loved long ago when I was a child myself. My favourite book then was “Adventures with Rosalind” by Charlotte Austen, a gripping fantasy about a lonely boy on a long journey through different lands across seven seas. Unfortunately nobody has heard of it as it is long out of print. Anyway I really enjoyed it when I was seven or eight years old.

Speaker 2

I’d like to say how important it is to read aloud to children. I suppose this is the best, easiest and most enjoyable way to make a child love books for life. I don’t just mean reading books to babies or very young children. I mean going on reading aloud long after children can read for themselves. I’m sorry they don’t read aloud in our schools as often as they used to. I still remember how much we, children, loved our reading lesson on Friday afternoon back in those long-ago schooldays.

Speaker 3

I also think there should be more reading aloud at home. Recorded stories are wonderful, especially in cars, but there’s nothing like a grown-up reading or telling a story directly to a child. My all-time favourite picture book to read aloud is “Where the Wild Things Are” by Maurice Sendak, with its poetic text and wonderfully imaginative illustrations. It never fails to intrigue or please any child under seven. The Mary Poppins books are good to read to seven- or nine-year-olds. Each part is a story in itself, perfect for bedtime reading.

Step 8

Аудиозапись № 33 к упражнению 1

There are very few people who do not know the name of Joanne Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series. She is internationally famous and her books are sold in millions of copies worldwide. J. K. Rowling is one of the world’s most successful writers. So, how did she become one?

Rowling was born near Bristol, England. As a child, she enjoyed writing stories, which she often read to her sister.

At school, Joanne was good at languages but didn’t like sport or mathematics. She studied French and Classics at the University of Exter, with a year of study in Paris. After graduating from the University Joanne Rowling moved to London to work for the organization called “Amnesty International”. One day while she was on a train trip between Manchester and London, she had the idea for a story of a young boy who goes to a very unusual school, a school of wizardry. As soon as she got home, she began writing. A few months later, Rowling went to Portugal to teach English as a foreign language. There she got married and had a daughter Jessica.

Soon she and her little daughter returned to Great Britain, to Scotland and had a hard time earning her living. She had no job and badly needed money. Then she remembered her book, finished the manuscript and typed it on an old typewriter. She offered her book to twelve publishing homes. No one of them took it.

A year later, Barry Cunningham from the small publishing house “Bloomsbury” agreed to publish the book. He did it after eight-year-old Alice Newton, the daughter of the company chairman, read the beginning of the story about Harry Potter and asked for more. Anyhow, while publishing the book, Cunningham was not sure that the book would be a success and make any money. But the book became a real bestseller.

Step 9

Аудиозапись № 34 к упражнению 1

A n n a:  What’s that book you’re reading, Jane?

J a n e:  It’s collection of biographies written by different authors.

A n n a:  Is it any good?

J a n e:  Oh, yes. I find it quite interesting. At the moment I’m reading about Audrey Hepburn, a 20th century Hollywood star.

A n n a:  I don’t often read biographies. I prefer books with a gripping story like books of crime, adventure or love stories.

J a n e:  I see. And what about you, Anna? What are you reading now?

A n n a:  I’m in the middle of Boris Akunin’s novel. Do you read his books?

J a n e:  No, not really. I tried once but found the book a bit depressing. He describes everything in such dark colours.

A n n a:  It’s true, but I still like his works.

J a n e:  I think I should try to read his books again. Who knows, I may change my mind about him.

A n n a:  It’s a very good idea. And can I borrow your book of biographies when you finish it?

J a n e:  Sure.

Step 10

Аудиозапись № 35 к упражнению 1

Speaker 1

My home library is fairly large. My parents began collecting books years ago when they were young. I went on buying books which I liked. Now my library includes about 600 titles most of which are Russian classics but there are works of modern Russian and foreign authors as well.

Speaker 2

I don’t like the idea of keeping a lot of books at home. I believe that one doesn’t need too many books. It’s much wiser to have few best books that you can read and reread. I have some favourite authors whose books I collect. All of them are modern Russian writers, for example, I have all the books by Dmitry Bykov.

Speaker 3

My home library is not very large, but it includes some books in French and English. I try to buy works by foreign authors because they help me in language learning. There are some books by Russian writers too but not too many because lately I have started reading electronic books and I find them as good as printed ones.

Speaker 4 

My home library doesn’t take up a lot of room as nearly all books are e-books. I have a good modern e-book reader which allows me to read comfortably not only at home but everywhere else. I mostly read modern authors, but from time to time I like to return to my favourite classics.

Unit 3

Step 2

Аудиозапись № 39 к упражнению 1

When were the first computers built?

B o b:  I’m not quite sure. I think in the middle of the previous century. Let’s look it up in the encyclopedia. Hmmm... Yes, that’s right. They were built in the 1950s.

A n d r e w:  It’s really strange that sixty years ago the general public didn’t use computers!

B o b: No, they didn’t. Only scientists used them in their work for their scientific purposes. Those first computers were huge machines, they filled whole rooms.

A n d r e w:  I’m sure that they were very pricey.

B o b: They were very expensive indeed. I think their price was millions of dollars, not less.

A n d r e w:  How effectively did they work? Were they fast?

B o b: Not very, they functioned rather slowly. The earliest computers solved less than a thousand tasks each second. Today, modern computers are very fast, they can solve a hundred million tasks a second.

A n d r e w:  That’s really so. And they are fairly small. They are so small that we can use them anywhere. And they keep getting smaller. I think very soon our computers will be no larger than a matchbox.

B o b: True. Computers have really changed a lot. Since the day they appeared they have become smaller, cheaper and faster. And scientists are working to make them even faster. But most important of all, nowadays practically anybody can have a computer.

Step 3

Аудиозапись № 42 к упражнению 5

FRANCIS BACON

Francis Bacon was born on the 22nd of January, 1561 in England. He was a writer, a politician and a philosopher, very well known in his time. Bacon played a very important role in the political life of his country: he was a Member of Parliament, held some very important positions in the government. King James I thought highly of him and his ideas. But that’s not why we remember Francis Bacon nowadays. Now he is best known for his philosophic writings, as he developed the philosophy of science. Bacon was not a great scientist himself, but he taught scientists to use experiment and observation as their main methods instead of theory as scientists had done before. So we can say that he gave a start to modern inductive science. That’s why the 18th century philosophers Voltaire and Didrot called him “the father of modern science”. Sir Isaak Newton and many other scientists and philosophers read Bacon’s books and learned from them.

In 1626 Bacon decided to make a scientific experiment. He wanted to know if cold could help to keep food fresh and unspoiled. They say he was experimenting with chickens, putting them on the ice outside his house. The weather was bad, he caught a cold and soon died.

Step 4

Аудиозапись № 44 к упражнению 1

TOOLS AND DEVICES

People have always been using and improving their tools and devices. It is difficult to imagine life without them. Some of the tools and devices have become very common. See if you know them.

Tools we use in the garden

@_

One. It is one of the oldest tools. We use it to break up the soil and make it soft.

Two. This tool is used for digging earth or sand. It is usually made of metal and has a handle often made of wood. The metal part is pushed into the ground with the foot.

Three. This gardening tool is used for making the soil flat and soft or gathering dead leaves or dry grass.

Four. This is a metal tool or weapon. It is used for cutting. Gardeners often use them to cut off tree branches.

Tools we use in the factory

One. It is a tool with a heavy metal head for striking things or breaking them. This tool is often used by people who work with wood but practically every family has one at home.

Two. This tool can be hand-driven or power-driven. It is used for cutting hard materials, usually wood. It has a lot of sharp teeth on the edge.

Three. This tool has two arms that move. The arms are joined at one end. The tool is used for holding different things.

Four. This is one of the oldest tools. The earliest ones were made of stone. One part of it is made of metal and it is rather heavy. This part has a cutting edge. The tool is used for cutting down trees and chopping wood.

Devices we use at home

One. It is an electrical apparatus for making toast — slices of dried bread usually eaten with butter and jam, honey or marmalade.

Two. It is a machine that washes plates, cups, mugs and other things. They are becoming more and more common and popular but not so many people have them.

Three. It’s an apparatus on which hot food is prepared. It works on gas or electricity and can be found in every modern house.

Four. It’s an electric apparatus which cleans floors, floor covering and furniture by collecting dirt. Modern models are very powerful. Nowadays it is difficult to imagine a house or an office without it.

Five. These devices have become very common. They are used for washing clothes. Some of them can not only wash but dry.

Six. This device is used for making coffee at home.

Seven. It is a container for making hot water. As a rule people use it to prepare tea or instant coffee.

Eight. It is a device that cooks food very quickly by passing electricity through it.

Nine. An electric device that is used to make clothes look tidy after washing them. For example, it may be used for pressing skirts and trousers.

Step 5

Аудиозапись № 45 к упражнению 1

1.

— Hello?

— Hello, Mrs Collins. It’s Mary here. May I speak to Linda?

— Hi, Mary! Hold on, please. Linda, that’s for you. Mary is calling.

2.

— Hello?

— Hello, Mrs Collins. It’s Mary here. May I have a word with Linda?

— Hello, Mary. Are you OK, dear? I’m sorry, but Linda is out at the moment. She went shopping. Can I take the message?

— No, thank you, Mrs Collins. I’ll ring back later.

3.

— Hello? Conton Hospital. Doctor Lewis speaking.

— Hello. My name is Mary Griffin. Can I speak to Linda Collins, please?

— Hold on, please. I’ll just see if she is in. (Pause.) Sorry, Linda is not here.

— Could you take a message? Tell her Mary Green is going away for a week and can’t meet her tonight. I’ll call her when I’m back.

— All right, I will.

Step 6

Аудиозапись № 48 к упражнению 1

— Dad!

— Yes, Richard?

— Our Biology teacher asked the class a question, which no one could answer.

— Really? What was the question?

— It was about a man called Hippocrates.

— Hippocrates of Ancient Greece... He is often called the father of medicine.

— Why? Did he invent medicine... or medicines?

— Not really. Even in prehistoric times there were people who could cure an illness with the help of some plants or plant juices and do some other things to help a sick person but Hippocrates was one of the first professional doctors. He didn’t use magic in medicine and made it more scientific.

— I think, I heard something about the Hippocratic oath. What is it?

— The Hippocratic oath is a promise to try to save life and to follow the standards set in the medical profession.

— Was Hippocrates the first man who gave that oath?

— No, not really. This oath was given his name to honour Hippocrates.

— Why?

— Because he taught medical people one very important thing; he taught them that a doctor had to help his patients and do everything he could for them. Hippocrates thought it was necessary to understand why a person had become ill and use the best ways to cure him or her. His main ideas are still followed today.

Step 7

Аудиозапись № 49 к упражнению 1

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was the first woman to travel into space. She was born on March 6, 1937 in Russia. Valentina Tereshkova had no pilot training before her career as a cosmonaut but she was a very good parachutist when she joined the Soviet cosmonaut programme which happened in 1961.

On June 16, 1963 in the spaceship Vostok-6 she flew into space and stayed there more than seventy hours. Her spacecraft orbited the Earth 48 times. In space at the same time was another Soviet cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky in Vostok-5. He had flown into space two days before. Tereshkova and Bykovsky landed on June 19.

Valentina Tereshkova left the cosmonaut programme just after her flight. In 1963 she got married to Andriyan Nikolaev, another Russian cosmonaut.

Tereshkova was named a hero of the Soviet Union and twice got the order of Lenin.

Step 8

Аудиозапись № 51 к упражнению 1B

NEIL ARMSTRONG

The whole world heard the name of Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969 when he became the first man to set foot on the Moon. About 600 million people — a fifth of the world’s population — watched the moon landing on television and followed it on the radio. That was when they heard Neil Armstrong’s famous words: “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”

It happened during the historical flight when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin spent nearly three hours walking on the Moon, collecting information, making experiments and taking photographs.

Armstrong had got interested in aviation and got his flying license before he left school. He studied engineering and technology in universities and then became a pilot testing new planes. Soon he joined the group of pilots preparing for space flights to become an astronaut.

After his historical flight to the Moon Armstrong became a national hero. He was a very modest, quiet and private man who didn’t like the idea of being a public figure. On one occasion he said that he was and would always be an engineer and that he was very proud of his profession. Armstrong stopped flying but never lost interest in the space exploration programme. Once he visited the USSR and met Russian cosmonauts. His name, like the name of Yuri Gagarin, will always be remembered.

Their names are written down in history books as they are among those people who opened the door to the unknown for all the humanity.

Neil Armstrong died in August 2012 at the age of 82.

Step 9

Аудиозапись № 53 к упражнению 1

MOBILE PHONES

The first mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Doctor Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modern mobile phones.

A mobile, or a cell phone, works like a radio. In fact, it is a modernized radiophone used in cars in the 1980s. Those car phones needed a powerful transmitter and_were very expensive. Mobile phones differ from them in one important aspect. Carriers, or providers, cut the territory into segments, or cells. As you move, you “jump” from cell to cell and the frequency you’ve just used becomes free for someone else.

So each cell which has a base station — a tower and a building with the radio equipment — uses one-seventh of all the channels it can use. In other words, lots and lots of people can talk on the phone at one time. In fact, millions of people can use the system and that makes the cell phone cheaper to use.

Another difference between mobile phones and other radio communication devices is that you use one frequency for talking and another for listening, so both people can talk at once.

These days, mobile phones can do a lot more than make calls. People use their phones to send and get e-mails, take photographs, play games, surf the Internet and do many other things.

Step 10

Аудиозапись № 54 к упражнению 1

Hi, I’m Katy. I think this invention is extremely useful. It has become an important part of our lives. I simply can’t imagine how we can do without it. It is so easy to get the information you need staying in your flat or house. And it is much quicker than it was before when people used only books and encyclopedias as their sources of information.

Hello, my name is Alex. I hate washing up! So for me this device is the most important invention of the previous century. You put dirty cups, plates, pots and pans in it, press the button and in about an hour they are all clean.

Let me introduce myself. I’m Don. I think it is great to be able to watch films, sports events, different shows without leaving your home. I like it when you can travel around the world while sitting on the sofa. You can even get advice on cooking.

I’m Patricia and I’m a housewife. I don’t know how people managed before we had this invention. It would take me ages to clean the house without it. And you can never achieve the same result with a duster, a bucket of water and a broom.

My name is John. I’m not a very good cook. But thanks to this invention I have no problems in the kitchen. I just buy fruit, vegetables, milk and other dairy products and they can be kept fresh for rather long. I can’t imagine how people used to keep food fresh without this device, especially when it was hot outside.

Hello, I’m Emma. In my opinion this little thing is the most useful invention of the 20th century, at least for me it is. I go out a lot. And I used to worry about my grandparents who are no longer young. Now it’s great, I just leave the house and I know I can contact them from any place where I’m and they also can give me a call any time.

Unit 4

Step 2

Аудиозапись № 57 к упражнению 1

My name is Josh. I spend about ten pounds a week including the money I spend on my bus to school. I save my money up to come to Camden Market. I buy clothes, boots and other things there. I often buy things on impulse just because I like them.

My name is Walter, I am seventeen. I spend about thirty pounds a week. I spend money on going out, buying CDs, going to the cinema or anything I like. I don’t think that lessons on how to spend money effectively would be useful for my age group — but maybe for younger kids.

I’m Jennifer. I’m a university student and I have to survive on sixty pounds a week, the money I have borrowed from a bank. It’s not easy. I spend my money on food, buses and going out. I don’t think that young people want to listen to lessons about how to spend their money.

Hi, Victoria here. I think that lessons on how to spend money are a good idea. More and more products appear on the market nowadays and a lot of them are produced for teenagers. Boys and girls buy them because they think they are fashionable, but they don’t really need them. Personally I don’t like shopping. There are too many people in the shops.

Hello, my name is Hannah. I get fifty pounds a month from my family and about twenty-five pounds for my job as a cleaner. I spend my money on clothes, books and sometimes food. My mum saves money for me.

Step 3

Аудиозапись № 59 к упражнению 1

— Mr Chapman, I hear there is a tendency of teenagers taking jobs in Great Britain. Is this really so?

— I would say yes. We all know that teenagers need money. The pocket money they get from their parents isn’t enough to pay for mobile phone calls, the new CDs they want to have and going out with their friends in the evenings. A lot of teens prefer not to ask their parents for more money. Instead they get part-time jobs. That’s what about a million schoolchildren in the UK do.

— And what jobs do they usually get?

— The most popular jobs for teenagers are babysitting and getting newspapers to people’s houses in the mornings and evenings. Other jobs that young people do include working in shops, hotels and coffee shops. They also do dog walking and cleaning.

— Do young people who work get the same money as grown-up people do or they are paid less?

— They are not paid the same money. Many people think they are too young get much money.

— But should young people be working at all?

— That’s a very good question. You see, most teenagers are really very busy. Schools give them a lot of homework and many pupils have to prepare for their future exams. Besides it is important for teenagers to have time for a social life and to do their hobbies. If teenagers have a job, they can be too tired to do their schoolwork properly.

— And yet they try to get a job, don’t they?

Step 4

Аудиозапись № 61 к упражнению 1

UNUSUAL SCHOOL

A lot of teenagers are fond of music. Young boys and girls have their music classes and really enjoy those lessons. But can pupils study DJing at school? Can they have DJ lessons? In most cases the answer is “no” but some British students can do just that.

They go to the BRIT school in south London. BRIT stands for British Record Industry Trust, an organization that develops and supports educational projects in music. The school also gets money from the Department for Education and Employment and has some other sponsors. Some of the pupils who go to this school become DJs, some radio presenters. For example, Master Shortie, a rapper and a DJ, who is 15 now became a student of this school when he was ten. He wrote two raps when he was 11. He says that a student who wants to become a rapper has to be different from the other rap musicians. “You have to be yourself to become successful, you should not follow stereotypes,” says Shortie. “It is also important to study well at school. Your music career may not be extremely successful.” Lauren and Shannon are radio presenters for the school’s radio station. They introduce shows and give the audience news of the day or speak about something interesting they learnt in class. They also play music.

Step 5

Аудиозапись № 62 к упражнению 1

INTERVIEW WITH KELIS

— You’re a famous music star now. What were you doing when you were 17?

— I was finishing school and also working in a clothes shop and a bar to get some money.

— When did you first become interested in music?

— My dad was a jazz musician. As a child, I sang a lot, played the piano and saxophone. I often played the piano with my dad. I started writing songs when I was a little girl too.

— Why did you leave home when you were sixteen?

— I wanted to be independent. My parents had planned my future for me but I wanted to go my own way.

— What was your biggest problem when you were a teenager?

— I kept thinking about my career. I wanted to do music so I worked very hard, meeting new musicians and waiting for the right thing to happen.

— What do you like? Have you got any hobbies?

— In my free time I like to read. I also enjoy cooking but I don’t cook often because I don’t spend much time at home. When I was younger, I liked to play the guitar but I was not very good at it.

— Do you have any advice for readers who want to make a career in the music business?

— I really don’t have an answer. It will happen if it’s right for you. I can’t say step one — you do this, and step two — you do that.

Step 6

Аудиозапись № 63 к упражнению 1

TOO MANY TESTS AND TOO MANY STRESS

British parents say that their children are under stress because they have too much homework. Philip Pullman, a famous children’s writer, agrees with parents that there are too many tests. Pullman says: “I want to change the way the young people learn at school nowadays because it’s no fun.” He was a teacher before he became a writer and he explains:

“School pupils don’t have the time to enjoy reading books and they learn to say the right things to get school marks instead of saying what they really think. In Britain young people take about 87 exams during their school life. They take national exams at the ages of 7, 11, 14, 16, 17 and 18. Some young people are leaving school early not to take exams and not to have so much stress. Others stop doing hobbies such as sport, music, reading, dancing or singing because they have so much schoolwork to do. But do lots of tests help pupils to learn more? No! Scientists say that when students have more tests, they don’t work as hard and they get worse marks.”

Some British schools are trying to make school life less stressful for pupils. For example, teachers at a school in Birmingham want pupils to eat bananas in class while listening to classical music. Another school in Liverpool has a special quiet room where pupils can go when they feel stressed. In this room they smell lavender and talk about their problems.

Step 7

Аудиозапись № 66 к упражнению 1

My name is Maria. I would like to say that foreigners have a positive influence on us. They bring us their culture, language and customs. However, they have to integrate well into our society. They should obey our laws. They must live legally in my country and certainly not tell us what we should do.

Hi, I am Melanie. What do I think of “foreigners” coming to live in my country? Which country are we speaking about? Which country is my country? Is it Belgium? Is it Europe? I think we live in a world which looks like a village, where people know each other, are open to each other, can understand each other. I’m sure the word “foreigner” is not very important now. Who are foreigners? Maybe those who come to the Earth from Mars. In my opinion meeting different cultures can only improve our society.

Luke is speaking. In my opinion foreigners coming to live in my country are not a problem to me. I think I can open my country to new cultures. I think they have decided to emigrate because the life in their own country was too hard for them. Most of them want to find work and have a better life, but some people bring trouble. In my opinion, the big problem is that there is not enough money for all of them, and Belgium cannot offer all of them places where they can work.

That’s Bruce. I think foreign citizens are sometimes discriminated. Some of them have a different religion from ours. Sometimes their customs and their culture are different too. My grandfather who had immigrated from Italy to Belgium many years before told me how difficult it used to be for him here at the beginning.

Hello, I’m Simon. I think that foreigners who come to live in Western Europe are sure that everybody here is rich and that you can make a lot of money in no time. Unfortunately, reality is rather different. Television shows a nearly perfect world in the West and is responsible for the misunderstanding. People come to my country and don’t often find things they had expected. They become dissatisfied and aggressive. This can be dangerous.

My name is Andy. I have mixed feelings about foreigners. On the one hand, my country is very small and there are so many jobless people in it. So I don’t want thousands of foreigners to come and take our jobs. And then housing will be a big problem. But on the other hand, I find it very important to meet other cultures and people who speak different languages because living with people from other countries opens your mind.

Step 8

Аудиозапись № 67 к упражнению 1

Speaker 1

My name is Charlie. I’m from Australia and all my friends really love going to one of the world’s most famous beaches — Bondi Beach. It’s a magnet for young Australians and surfers all over the world. But the place is dangerous. Each year about 3,000 people are rescued from the sea. Young people often come here to celebrate X-mas Day when it is usually about 40° above zero.

Speaker 2

Hi, I’m Tony. I’m sure the number one fashionable teen hangout is Harajuku, Tokyo’s “Teen Town”. You can find there pink and green hair, unusual costumes, people looking cool. Some girls need three or more hours to get their dresses ready when they go. Every Sunday teens come to Harajuku from all over the city to hang out, play music and listen to it.

Speaker 3

Hello, I’m Martin. Did you know that half of Dublin’s population is younger than 27? Most of them can be found in Temple Bar. It’s a very nice part of the city full of restaurants, shops, bars, pubs, street entertainers and all night partying. Young people go there for fun. Take your umbrella with you. Dublin is very rainy.

Speaker 4

My name is Jill. The East Village in New York has a reputation as “the bohemian” hangout in the City. You can find here university students, punks, street artists, jazz musicians. Some people say the East Village has a political atmosphere, as it has been the place for political groups for many years and lately it has become the place to express antiwar protests.

Speaker 5

I’m Sue. Siam Square in Bangkok is really cool for teens. They hang out there at weekends. They spend their time in front of the Siam Centre watching music videos on very large screens, talk to their friends and sell original clothes and cheap souvenirs.

Step 9

Аудиозапись № 69 к упражнению 1

— You know, Cindy, there is much talk all over England if students at school should wear school uniforms or not. What is your point of view on the problem?

— In my opinion, Silvia, it’s really difficult to decide what is the right thing to do. On the one hand, wearing uniforms is an advantage, on the other hand, it is a disadvantage.

— Cindy, you’re speaking in riddles. One and the same thing cannot be an advantage and a disadvantage as well. What do you mean?

— I want to say that wearing uniforms can be really good for some pupils. It helps to break down the barriers between those who are rich and not very rich, and then it gives you a feeling of belonging to your school and develops a sense of pride in the students.

— I agree absolutely. But why then did you mention disadvantages?

— You see, some students don’t like the idea of wearing school uniforms because they say it doesn’t give them a chance to use their individuality. Young people often show their feelings through the clothes that they wear. Uniforms don’t let them do it.

— There is something in what you’re saying but teenagers can wear the clothes they like after school.

— Of course they can and they do. But in those schools where they must wear uniforms, they often feel they have no freedom of choice. They are made to wear what their teachers have decided they should wear. And then uniforms in England are rather expensive.

— I see. So, do you think all pupils shouldn’t wear uniforms?

— No, I can’t say that. Probably students should wear uniforms up to the age of 11 or 12, but when they get elder they may be allowed to wear what they like to school.

Step 10

Аудиозапись № 70 к упражнению 1

Speaker 1

I’m Mark. My best friends are the members of my family. I think I have a perfect family: perfect parents, two great sisters and a younger brother. We all got along well. I have a lot of love and a lot of support. I think my brother is very close to me. Maybe he is the best.

Speaker 2

My name is Brenda. Linda is my trusted friend. We go back a long way. We live not far from each other, go to one and the same school and sit at the same desk. People say we live in each other’s pockets and that’s true. We send e-mails to each other every hour if we can’t be together.

Speaker 3

Hi! I’m Sophia. I think mum is my soul mate. I know that she will stand by me through thick and thin. She has always been a tower of strength and give me support and love whenever I needed them.

Speaker 4

My name is Paul. William is my old friend. He is already a university student but in my view he understands me much better than my classmates. William is very knowledgeable and I think he can answer all my questions which I usually have a lot. We often play football or tennis. It’s not difficult for us to spend an hour in the evening together as we live in the same building.

Speaker 5

I’m Maria. I’m absolutely sure that Miss Loveday, our principal, is my true and loyal friend. She is always ready to help, to explain, to understand. She gives us a lot of freedom but asks us to follow the school rules. The majority of pupils in my school support Miss Loveday’s ideas and consider her to be a tower of strength.

Ключи к заданиям учебника

Unit 1

Step 1

Ex. 1. b) freedom.

Ex. 4. 1) The first television was made by Logie Baird of old cars, bicycle parts, lenses and other things. 2) The first TV was demonstrated by Baird in 1925. 3) The first television service was opened in Britain in 1936. 4) Colour television was first used in the United States in 1956. 5) In the early days of television, television sets were bought by few people because they were expensive. 6) Soon new technologies were developed and lot of TV stations were built. 7) Programmes in forty different languages as well as in English are shown by the BBC World Service. 8) TV programmes are published in the TV Times, a popular weekly magazine. 9) Nowadays television can be found practically in every family. 10) A lot of programmes are always devoted to sport. 11) New programmes will be introduced (by TV people) in the future.

Ex. 5. 1) were developed; 2) are devoted; 3) will be built; 4) was founded; 5) be used; 6) is known; 7) will be taught; 8) will be dominated; 9) was developed; 10) is/was called.

Ex. 6. 1) Через реку сейчас строится (ят) новый мост. 2) Когда я вошел в гостиницу, я заметил, что все горничные были заняты. Комнаты готовили для прибывающих гостей. 3) Джон сказал, что не уверен, что эти словари все еще продаются. 4) Сюда нельзя входить. Здесь моют полы. 5) Где моя любимая футболка? — Извини, милый, она в стирке сейчас. 6) Я знаю, что сейчас эту статью переводят. 7) Где твои сумки? — Их сейчас взвешивают. 8) История, которую рассказывали, когда я вошла в комнату, удивила меня. 9) Какую музыку играют? Я не могу узнать ее. 10) Когда я вошла в зал, играли красивую новую мелодию.

Ex. 7. 1) The hall is being decorated. 2) The windows are being cleaned. 3) The curtains are being hung. 4) The chairs are being brought in. 5) The floor is being cleaned. 6) The wall newspaper is being made. 7) The tables are being moved about. 8) Some food is being prepared. 9) Some music is being played. 10) A song is being sung.

Ex. 8. 1b, 2c, 3e, 4a, 5f, d — extra.

Ex. 9. 1) is being translated; 2) were being painted; 3) were not played; 4) are brought; 5) is being built; 6) is being completed; 7) are celebrated; 8) are made; 9) was being decorated; 10) were being prepared.

Ex. 10. 1) were shown; 2) are being developed; 3) is being discussed; 4) is being built; 5) are devoted; 6) is known; 7) are being prepared; 8) were done; 9) was being cooked; 10) are sold/are being sold.

Ex. 11. 1c, 2e, 3a, 4f, 5d, 6b.

Step 2

Ex. 1. Alice Radcliffe — channel 3; Will Smith — channel 1; Christina Bruce — channel 2.

Ex. 2. Channel 1. True — 2, 3, 5; false — 1, 4.

Channel 2. True — 4; false — 1, 2, 3, 5.

Channel 3. True — 1, 2, 3; false — 4, 5.

Ex. 3. 1) The lights are being turned on. 2) The studio is being lit up. 3) The cameras are being checked. 4) Some extra chairs are being brought in. 5) Flowers are being put on the tables. 6) The host is being given some last-minute recommendations. 7) A nice melody is being played on the piano. 8) The scenario is being read again. 9) The visitors are being instructed. 10) The microphones are being switched on.

Ex. 4. On Channel 2 an old horror film was being repeated. On Channel 3 a talk show was being given. On Channel 4 a modern opera was being performed. On Channel 5 a ballet performance was being given. On Channel 6 pop songs were being sung. On Channel 7 food was being prepared. On Channel 8 women’s clothes were being demonstrated. On Channel 9 kids’ bedtime stories were being told. On Channel 10 classical music was being played.

Ex. 6. A. 1) broadcast; 2) services; 3) discussion; 4) serving; 5) advertised; 6) stand; 7) current; 8) main; 9) citizens; 10) discuss; 11) news.

Ex. 7. A. True: 1, 2, 7, 10, 11; false: 5, 8, 9; not stated: 3, 4, 6.

D. 1) They stand for the British Broadcasting Corporation. 2) It was formed in 1927 to educate the British citizens. 3) It consists of national and local radio stations, national television stations, the international BBC World Service and BBC Worldwide Television. 4) It means that the BBC gives services to the whole nation. 5) They can give political broadcasts on it. 6) Probably to have their own listeners and viewers.

Ex. 9. 1e, 2d, 3f, 4b, 5c, 6a.

Ex. 10. 1) is being; 2) were; 3) are; 4) will be; 5) were being; 6) be; 7) are; 8) will be; 9) is still being made.

Ex. 11. A. 1) (the) main questions; 2) broadcast; 3) wonderful service; 4) current events; 5) to advertise clothes; 6) fellow citizens; 7) the main character of the book; 8) the latest (current) news; 9) the doctor’s services; 10) to broadcast on the radio/to give a radio broadcast.

B. 1) What do you know about the current events in this country? 2) Tea was served at five. 3) The news is broadcast regularly. 4) Let’s not discuss this problem (question) today. 5) The new novel is being advertised everywhere. 6) What are your main achievements? 7) That day a lot of citizens came to the central square. 8) Bad news travels fast.

Ex. 12. 1) discuss; 2) current; 3) advertise; 4) news; 5) citizen; 6) serve; 7) main; 8) broadcast.

Step 3

Ex. 1. 1) My work with pupils shows that if you use television, your classes become more interesting for schoolchildren. 2) Television programmes can be especially useful for those people who live far from big cities and have no chance to visit language centres or watch foreign films in the cinema.

Ex. 2. 2) When Magnus arrived in China, the Great Wall of China was being built. 3) In England the first book in the country was being printed. 4) In North India the Taj Mahal was being constructed in the city of Agra. 5) In England London was being destroyed by the Great Fire. 6) In St Petersburg the city was being founded. 7) In the USA the Constitution of the United States was being written. 8) In Russia the French army was being driven out of the country. 9) In Italy Christmas was being celebrated. 10) In Russia the first man was being sent into space. 11) In France pictures by Marc Chagal were being shown to the public in Paris. 12) In Germany the Berlin Wall was being destroyed.

Ex. 3. 1) are being written; 2) are they informed; 3) was being called; 4) will be informed; 5) is being decorated; 6) are being washed; 7) will be hung; 8) be done; 9) will be bought; 10) will be checked; 11) will be done.

Ex. 4. 1) born; 2) California; 3) United States, District of Columbia; 4) compact discs; 5) British Broadcasting Corporation; 6) before Christ; 7) has; 8) American English, British English; 9) United Kingdom.

Ex. 5. B. 1) has; 2) are; 3) was; 4) were; 5) is; 6) is; 7) has; 8) have; 9) is; 10) has.

Ex. 6. 1) for, in; 2) on; 3) on; 4) of; 5) for; 6) of, at; 7) of; 8) in; 9) in; 10) of.

Ex. 9. 1) was; 2) most enjoyable; 3) had ever seen; 4) took; 5) was/is played; 6) most talented; 7) twentieth; 8) have already found; 9) her; 10) will recommend.

Ex. 10. 1) it; 2) they; 3) it; 4) it; 5) it; 6) They; 7) It; 8) It.

Ex. 11. 1) is being played; 2) will be completed; 3) was discussed; 4) be watched; 5) was still being done; 6) were not heard; 7) is being broadcast; 8) are practically never answered; 9) will be sung; 10) be taken.

Step 4

Ex. 1. A — 3b, B — 2e, C — 1a, D — 4b, 5c — extra.

Ex. 2. 2) ...money is kept… . 3) ...I almost always follow it. 5) There is some good news... 7) ...to share it with his classmates.

Ex. 3. 1) on; 2) down (off); 3) into; 4) on (up); 5) over; 6) off; 7) off; 8) on and off; 9) over; 10) up.

Ex. 6. 1) A new dictionary has been bought. 2) A new TV centre has been opened. 3) The letters have been posted. 4) This news has been broadcast. 5) Our cottage has been painted green. 6) The new project has been finished. 7) A new theatre has been opened in the city. 8) All the details of our future journey have been discussed. 9) The poem has been learned by heart. 10) Dinner has been served.

Ex. 7. Fred saw that: 2) the old library had been rebuilt; 3) the town centre had been turned into a real shopping area; 4) a new fire station had been opened; 5) some street names had been changed; 6) the old local stadium had been closed; 7) new paintings for the gallery had been bought; 8) a lot of trees had been planted in the park; 9) the old oak near the school had been cut down; 10) the market had been moved away from the central square.

Ex. 8. B. 1) The window has not been closed. 2) The cups haven’t been washed. 3) The door hasn’t been painted. 4) The picture hasn’t been drawn. 5) The church hasn’t been built. 6) The letter hasn’t been written.

Ex. 9. 1) keep the television turned on; 2) when they have meals; 3) including trash; 4) get used to TV watching; 5) feel depressed; 6) young children are not recommended to watch TV; 7) serve the needs of any age groups and any interests; 8) never miss important football matches; 9) both men and women; 10) those who have more developed tastes; 11) political broadcasts; 12) educational programmes; 13) bedtime stories.

Ex. 10. 1) over; 2) up; 3) down (off); 4) into; 5) off; 6) on; 7) over; 8) into.

Ex. 11. 1) The shops have been closed. 2) It has been broadcast many times. 3) He has been offered to take part in the sea voyage. 4) It has been washed. 5) She has been given a wonderful birthday gift. 6) An important match has been won. 7) It has been sent to me by Ann herself. 8) The dog has not been given food since yesterday. 9) The young men have been informed about their trip. 10) Lots of books have been read by Ann.

Ex. 12. 1) He said the room had not been painted pink. 3) She knew she had not been allowed to go there. 4) We saw that the baseball game had not been finished. 6) The closing ceremony had not been broadcast by nine o’clock. 8) She said the book had not been devoted to her best friend.

Step 5

Ex. 1. 1b, 2c, 3c.

Ex. 2. A. 1) По четвёртому каналу показали интересную комедию. Ты её посмотрел? 4) «Чайка» Антона Чехова только что была показана (сыграна) труппой Московского Художественного театра. 5) Дорис предложили чашку крепкого горячего кофе и вкусное пирожное. 7) Рождественские свечи зажжены. Пора садиться за стол. 8) Для нашего проекта получено много новых сведений.

В. 1) Он сказал, что разбили мамину любимую, стеклянную вазу. 4) Я знал(а), что Джона всегда уважали. 5) Учитель добавил, что на вопрос не ответили. 6) Джулия согласилась, что ей дали разумный совет. 8) Ром объяснил, что много времени было потрачено зря.

Ex. 3. 1) has been done; 2) has been decorated; 3) have been bought; 4) (have been) put; 5) have been prepared; 6) have been brought; 7) have been cleaned; 8) have been washed; 9) (have been) hung; 10) are turned; 11) Have they been sent? 12) have been invited; 13) are just being unpacked; 14) are being put; 15) Have they all been cooked? 16) is being finished; 17) will be laid.

Ex. 4. 1) are; 2) (have) heard; 3) appeared; 4) first; 5) were brought; 6) were sung; 7) them; 8) their; 9) was played; 10) scientists; 11) is/was made.

Ex. 6. A. 1) shoot; 2) shame; 3) rude; 4) humiliated; 5) spoil; 6) spies/spied; 7) society; 8) threats.

Ex. 9. 1) have; 2) had; 3) had; 4) have; 5) had; 6) have; 7) had; 8) have; 9) had; 10) had.

Ex. 10. 1) Plans for the coming year are being discussed (by the managers) in Room 30. 2) Some new information about the exams has just been given to us. 3) These problems shouldn’t be discussed now. 4) How many tennis sets have been done yet by the players? 5) Hundreds of cartoons have already been seen by these children. 6) What is being broadcast on Channel 4 at the moment? 7) The plan has been made and it won’t be changed. 8) When I entered the sitting room, ...a quiz or a talk show was being watched. 9) The lessons have been already done. 10) The difficult task has just been completed by the pupils.

Ex. 11. (samples): 1) to spoil: job, food, children; 2) to shoot: pictures, plays, TV serials, animals, horses, swans; 3) to spy on: people, enemy, officers; 4) to humiliate: servants, everybody, students, women; 5) rude: words, behaviour, people, jokes; 6) instead of: cycling, dancing, playing games, wasting your time…

Ex. 12. 1) spoil; 2) humiliate; 3) shoot; 4) shame; 5) society; 6) threat; 7) rude; 8) instead; 9) spy.

Step 6

Ex. 1. 1d, 2b, 3c, 4e, 5a.

Ex. 2. 2) Instead of watching television Ann decided to read a book. 3) Instead of cooking Kathie decided to go to a/the restaurant. 4) Instead of working on the computer Robert decided to go to bed. 5) Instead of calling her grandmother Alice decided to visit her. 6) Instead of walking to the shop Tom and Maggie rode there on their bikes. 7) Instead of listening to the radio (to music) Bob decided to play the piano. 8) Instead of drinking (having) some tea Mrs Smith decided to have a cup of coffee.

Ex. 3. 1) humiliation — унижение; 2) rudeness — грубость; 3) shameless — бесстыжий, бессовестный; 4) a spy — шпион; 5) to threaten — угрожать.

Ex. 4. The broadcaster said: 1) a new record had been broken; 2) a new play had been performed; 3) a new hospital had been built; 4) a well-known politician had been interviewed; 5) a concert had been given; 6) a speech to the government had been made; 7) a new planet had been discovered; 8) the most important match of the season had been played; 9) a collection of pictures had been brought to the country from Paris.

Ex. 5. А. 3), 5).

Ex. 7. 2) The police have caught the criminal. 3) The police were asked for help. 6) The police are looking for the criminals. 8) Somebody called the police and they came very fast.

Ex. 9. 1) television has been criticized; 2) even worse; 3) naturally; 4) if they have to be shown at all; 5) people are made to fight over a sum of money; 6) the most intimate moments; 7) introduce the views and ideas; 8) TV commercials.

Ex. 10. 1) — ; 2) to; 3) on; 4) from; 5) to, to/with; 6) of; 7) on; 8) for; 9) —; 10) for.

Ex. 11. 1) is/has always been; 2) has just arrived; 3) is; 4) is/was; 5) has already been received; 6) was; 7) has been achieved.

Step 7

Ex. 1. 1b, 2e, 3a, 4f, 5c, d — extra.

Ex. 3. 1) impossible, non-stop; 2) specialists, unfortunately; 3) violence, disappear; 4) disability; 5) illegal, immoral; 6) inactive, unable.

Ex. 4. 1f, 2h, 3a, 4j, 5d, 6b, 7g, 8i, 9c, 10e.

Ex. 6. 1) laptop/notebook; 2) mouse; 3) keyboard; 4) monitor; 5) message; 6) data; 7) crack; 8) create; 9) online; 10) the Internet; 11) save.

Ex. 9. 1) dislike; 2) non-stop; 3) violence; 4) aggression; 5) disagree; 6) inactive; 7) unfit; 8) information; 9) impossible.

Ex. 10. 1) e-mail message; 2) to exchange information; 3) to surf the Internet; 4) to crack the programme; 5) to be online; 6) a printer and a scanner; 7) a mouse pad (mat); 8) a new keyboard.

Step 8

Ex. 2. 1d, 2c, 3a, 4b, 5e.

Ex. 3. 1) Leeds

UK

September 5, 2007 (5 September 2007)

2) London

UK

January 11, 2006 (11 January 2006)

3) St Petersburg

Russia

August 31, 2012 (31 August 2012)

4) Boston

USA

November 5, 2013 (5 November 2013)

5) Perth

Australia

December 15, 2010 (15 December 2010)

6) Rostov

Russia

April 7, 2011 (7 April 2011)

Ex. 4. A. 1) Dear Uncle Tony; 2) Dear Grandmother; 3) Dear Dr Mason; 4) Dear Hazel; 5) Hi, Bruce; 6) Hi, Sue; 7) Hello, mum; 8) Hello, dear; 9) My dear Alice; 10) Hi, George.

B. 1) Sincerely,        6) Lots of love,

Julia        Jane

2) Always yours,        7) Best wishes,

Victor        Rita

3) Love,        8) With love,

Sofie        Alec

4) Your friend,        9) All the best,

Kelly        Richard

5) Take care,        10) Missing you,

Rose        Kate

Ex. 5. (a simple variant)

It’s been great to hear from you.

My holidays are coming to an end. I’m having a lot of fun. I spend most of my time travelling with my parents. We have been to many interesting places around the city where I live. I love it because I hate staying at home during my holidays. I find it very boring. It’s more interesting to be out with your friends or travel with your family. Because I was away most of the time I didn’t do much sport, though usually I’m fond of cycling, playing football and skiing in winter.

Please write soon.

Ex. 6. (sample variant)

Vladimir

Russia

September 20, 2013

Dear Diana,

Thank you for the letter.

You are writing that you’ve begun doing French. Sorry that it gives you trouble but I am sure it will be easier soon. Everything is rather difficult at the beginning. I know it because I’m learning two foreign languages. My second foreign language is Italian. I’ve chosen it because it sounds beautiful and I love Italian songs. I find learning foreign languages fairly interesting. Especially I love speaking Italian and English and reading books in both the languages. As I hope to become a journalist, I’m sure these languages will help me in my career.

Keep in touch.

Love,

Svetlana.

Ex. 8.

Moscow

Russia

October 27, 2012

Hello, Robert,

Your letter has been a pleasant surprise. I’m so happy that you are coming to Russia. Do you think we’ll be able to meet? Of course you can’t do such a big city as St Petersburg in two days. There is so much to see. I stayed in St. Petersburg for a week last summer and couldn’t visit half the places I had planned. My advice is to begin with the city centre where Dvortsovaya Square is situated. From there you can start a bus tour around this beautiful city. As for the museums you should visit the Hermitage and the Russian Museum with their wonderful collections of pictures.

Write soon.

Love,

Nikita.

Ex. 9.

London

UK

February 5, 2010

(5 February 2010)

Dear Jane,

I’ve just received your letter. Thanks very much. Guess what! (Continued as in the textbook.)

Looking forward to your answer.

Love,

Carol.

Step 9

Ex. 1. 1c, 2b, 3c, 4c.

Ex. 2. 1) were; 2) the; 3) off; 4) over; 5) is, it, has; 6) is; 7) was, it; 8) has, it, is; 9) is, it; 10) is; 11) into.

Ex. 3. 1) are shown; 2) is being shot; 3) had been given; 4) be threatened; 5) has just been sent; 6) was being spied; 7) had been spoiled; 8) are often discussed; 9) can be saved; 10) was being broadcast; 11) were exchanged; 12) is being created.

Ex. 4. 1) multicultural society; 2) shameless behaviour; 3) save time; 4) important data; 5) security service; 6) global network; 7) shoot dead; 8) mass media; 9) current events; 10) advertise new plays; 11) feel humiliated; 12) computer keyboard.

Ex. 5. 1b, 2e, 3a, 4c, d — extra.

Ex. 9. 1) rudeness; 2) exchange; 3) society; 4) threat; 5) instead; 6) advertise; 7) broadcast; 8) discussion; 9) citizen; 10) current.

Ex. 10. 1b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 5c.

Step 10

Ex. 1. 1B, 2A, 3E, 4C, 6E, 5 — extra.

Ex. 2. 1d, 2c, 3b, 4e, 5f, 6a.

Ex. 3. 1) are; 2) had; 3) down; 4) was being discussed; 5) It; 6) series; 7) has not been; 8) are; 9) impossible; 10) on.

Ex. 4. 1) importance; 2) usually; 3) information; 4) Probably; 5) non-stop; 6) services.

Ex. 6. 1) a (computer) keyboard; 2) non-stop; 3) a laptop/notebook; 4) an impossible decision; 5) mass media; 6) humiliation and shame; 7) to spy for some country; 8) a rude answer; 9) to threaten my life; 10) current news.

Unit 2

Step 1

Ex. 1. B. The song is against wars, against people who don’t think about others. It calls for freedom, for human kindness and care.

Ex. 2. A. Hi, all! How is your trip? My friends and me are very busy here. They all send their love to you. What are your plans for the rest of the holidays? Write as soon as possible, please.

See you soon.

Your Carolyn

Ex. 5. A. (samples): I never fail to wash my hands. I never fail to say “thank you” after a meal. I rarely fail to do my morning exercises. I sometimes fail to watch the news. I never fail to do my homework. I sometimes fail to water the plants. I rarely fail to give my mum flowers on her birthday. I rarely fail to buy bread on my way from school. I sometimes fail to read the paper.

B. 1) Feodor Dostoyevsky is the author of “Crime and Punishment”. 2) Charles Dickens is the author of “David Copperfield”. 4) Mikhail Bulgakov is the author of “Master and Margarita”. 5) Jack London is the author of “Martin Eden”. 6) Mark Twain is the author of “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”. 7) Daniel Defoe is the author of “Robinson Crusoe”. 8) Lewis Carroll is the author of “Alice in Wonderland”.

Ex. 6. A. 1) People can be strange, cheerful, fascinating. 2) Death can be strange. 3) Books can be strange, cheerful, fascinating. 4) Clothes can be strange, cheerful and fascinating. 5) Dreams can be strange, cheerful and fascinating. 6) Business can be strange and fascinating. 7) Diseases can be strange. 8) Pain can be strange. 9) Addresses can be strange. 10) Music can be strange, cheerful and fascinating.

Ex. 7. 1) spoke, screamed/shouted/cried; 2) asked, answered/said/replied/mumbled/murmured/whispered; 3) screamed; 4) cried/shouted, spoke/cried/shouted, mumbled; 5) chat; 6) explains; 7) add, answered; 8) whispering; 9) tell, said/answered/replied.

Ex. 8. Nos. 2, 5.

Ex. 9. 1) happy; 2) cheerful, peaceful; 3) special; 4) whispering, turning; 5) lonely; 6) quietness, wisdom, printed.

Ex. 10. 1) fascinating; 2) rarely; 3) whisper; 4) fail; 5) mumble; 6) author; 7) scream; 8) murmur; 9) cheerful; 10) strange; 11) source.

Ex. 11. 1) rarely; 2) whisper/mumble; 3) cheerful/fascinating; 4) fascinating; 5) failed; 6) murmured; 7) strange; 8) author; 9) screamed; 10) source; 11) whisper.

Step 2

Ex. 1. 1c, 2b, 3b, 4c, 5a.

Ex. 2. 1e, 2c, 3h, 4f, 5g, 6a, 7b, 8d.

Ex. 3. 1), 2) радостный возглас, приветствие; 3) подбодрить, приободрить, развеселить; 4) неудачник; 5) неудача; 6), 7) привлекать, очаровывать; 8) очарование; 9), 10) редкий; 11) незнакомец.

Ex. 4. 1) children; 2) lonely; 3) rarely/seldom; 4) murmurs; 5) lonely; 6) author; 7) cry; 8) shout.

Ex. 5. 1) librarians; 2) readers; 3) information; 4) different; 5) borrowing; 6) scientists; 7) education.

Ex. 6. 1c, 2a, 3e, 4d, b — extra.

Ex. 8. A. Boring, violent, terrible, silly, shallow, unreadable, stupid, unrealistic, a waste of time, trash.

Ex. 9. 1) a fascinating idea; 2) strange behaviour; 3) to speak in a whisper/whispers or to whisper; 4) to mumble the lines; 5) to see a stranger; 6) to be a failure/to fail; 7) the fascination of libraries; 8) to fascinate a/the traveller; 9) a rare visitor; 10) to cheer the speaker/to give the speaker some cheers.

Ex. 10. 1) seldom; 2) shout, scream; 3) a kid; 4) lonely; 5) an author; 6) mumble.

Ex. 11. 1) unable; 2) really; 3) fascinating; 4) interesting; 5) usually; 6) cheerful; 7) active; 8) information; 9) wonderful.

Step 3

Ex. 1. 1d, 2a, 3b, c — extra.

Ex. 2. 1d, 2e, 3f, 4g, 5a, 6h, 7b, 8c.

Ex. 6. 1) sell; 2) are published; 3) type; 4) general; 5) quality; 6) private; 7) earns; 8) pushed; 9) sold.

Ex. 7. 1) ones; 2) ones; 3) one; 4) (any) sun cream; 5) one; 6) cheese; 7) ones; 8) coffee.

Ex. 8. 1) ones; 2) ones; 3) ones; 4) — ; 5) — ; 6) one.

Ex. 9. 1) earn; 2) sold; 3) private/general; 4) general; 5) article.

Ex. 10. 1) quality; 2) push; 3) article; 4) type; 5) general; 6) earn; 7) print; 8) private; 9) publish.

Ex. 11. 1) ones; 2) one; 3) ones; 4) — ; 5) one; 6) — ; 7) ones; 8) ones.

Step 4

Ex. 1. A. 2) Wells wrote in English. 3) Both the authors wrote about flying to other planets. 4) Wells wrote about people on the Moon. 5) Both the authors wrote for newspapers. 6) Wells taught in a school. 7) Wells made people think about serious problems.

B. Verne: a, b, f. Wells: c, d, e.

Ex. 2. 1) published; 2) type; 3) printed; 4) type; 5) publish; 6) print; 7) printing; 8) publish; 9) publish; 10) typed.

Ex. 3. 1) Это хорошая книга, но его последняя (книга) лучше. 2) Каждый должен думать о своем будущем. (Нужно думать о своем будущем). 3) Они были теми, кто переселились из Европы в Новый Свет. 4) Это была проблема, но (проблема) несерьезная (большая). 5) Я пользуюсь этим компьютером временно, до тех пор, пока не куплю компьютер получше. 6) Он никогда не видел такой (подобной) игры. 7) Нельзя всегда быть правым, не так ли? 8) Дэвид тот самый человек, который работал на телевидении. 9) Я добросовестно ответил(а) на все ее послания (СМС), кроме последнего. 10) Никогда не знаешь, что может случиться завтра.

Ex. 4. 1) pull; 2) pushed; 3) pulled; 4) pushed; 5) push; 6) pull.

Ex. 5. 1f, 2c, 3b, 4e, 5a, 6d.

Ex. 6. 1c, 2a, 3c, 4b, 5b, 6c, 7a.

Ex. 7. 1) Улыбающееся лицо незнакомца было добрым, и я улыбнулся ему в ответ. 2) Новость, которую принес мой друг, была потрясающей. 3) Футбол, в который играют во всем мире, — одна из самых любимых игр. 4) В девять часов завершенная работа лежала на столе моего босса (начальника). 5) Ты заметил(а) разбитое окно в кухне? Интересно, кто это сделал? 6) Последними словами, которые Джейн прошептала мне на ухо, были: «Я всегда буду помнить тебя». 7) Класс был занят работой. Ничего не было слышно, кроме звука переворачиваемых страниц. 8) Деревья, растущие перед школой, были нам подарены. 9) Картинка, нарисованная моим младшим братом, — это портрет нашей семьи.

Ex. 8. 1) a — given, b — giving; 2) a — bought, b — buying; 3) a — singing, b — sung; 4) a — showing, b — shown; 5) a — asking, b — asked; 6) a — preparing, b — prepared; 7) a — spoken, spoken, b — speaking; 8) a — eaten, b — eating; 9) a — forgetting, b — forgotten; 10) a — fascinated, b — fascinating.

Ex. 9. 1i, 2f, 3b, 4h, 5a, 6d, 7g, 8e, 9c, 10j.

Ex. 10. 1) read; 2) playing; 3) broadcast; 4) prepared; 5) writing; 6) standing; 7) published; 8) chosen.

Ex. 11. 1) at; 2) for; 3) for; 4) about; 5) in/into; 6) in; 7) through; 8) in; 9) away; 10) by.

Step 5

Ex. 1. 1b, 2c, 3a, 4a, 5b, 6c.

Ex. 2. 1) The children visited some museums located in the city centre. 2) I enjoyed the new book bought by my father. 3) The family moved to a new house built a year before. 4) Yesterday I saw some big birds flying to the South. 5) Everyone could hear the sounds of music coming from the open window. 6) Our teacher asked us to share the information found on the Internet. 7) Did you enjoy the new play running in the children’s theatre? 8) I’m thinking of a name for my new pet given to me as a birthday present. 9) All my family read this magazine publishing interesting biographical stories. 10) It’s important to remember some rules given to you in your textbooks.

Ex. 3. A. 1) a singing girl; 2) a broken bridge; 3) a smiling child (kid); 4) dancing people; 5) a washed car; 6) polluted air; 7) a planted tree; 8) running boys; 9) a translated book; 10) a lost ticket.

B. 1) (the) jam prepared (made) in summer; 2) a/the castle built in the 13th century; 3) a/the poem learned by heart; 4) a/the book bought for the children; 5) a/the asked by a/the teacher; 6) a/the joke told by one’s brother; 7) a/the car driven by a woman; 8) (the) grapes grown in the South; 9) a/the room decorated with (the) flowers; 10) a/the watch lost on the river bank.

Ex. 4. 1) Старик сидел в кресле, просматривая толстый журнал. 2) Учреждение, получающее этот ежемесячный журнал, расположено на третьем этаже. 3) Читая британские ежедневные газеты, вы можете получить информацию о важных событиях в мире. 4) Когда он переходил улицу, его остановил полицейский. 5) Люди, пишущие детективы, обычно обладают богатым воображением. 6) Когда она писала письмо, она постаралась рассказать родителям, какой интересной стала ее жизнь. 7) Делая покупки в супермаркете, я встретил(а) одного из своих друзей, с которым не виделся (виделась) два или три года. 8) Когда она писала статью в местную газету, она столкнулась с определенными сложностями. 9) Слушая новую американскую песню, она не понимала ни слова. 10) Сидя за рулем автомобиля по дороге домой, Хелен поняла, что с машиной что-то случилось.

Ex. 6. 1b, 2f, 3a, 4c, 5g, 6e, 7d.

Ex. 7. 1) forward; 2) after; 3) for; 4) for; 5) through; 6) through; 7) at; 8) after; 9) to; 10) for.

Ex. 9. A. 1) a/the bird flying in the sky; 2) a/the woman hugging her son; 3) a/the child swimming in the sea; 4) a/the sportsman (athlete) running in front of the others;5) a/the train arriving at the station; 6) a/the cat sleeping in the armchair; 7) a/the grandmother kissing her granddaughter goodnight.

B. 1) Walking along the street he thought (was thinking) about his friends. 2) Doing morning exercises you look (are looking) after your health. 3) Looking at you, I remember your elder sister. 4) Building a house for his family he dreamed (was dreaming) about his family. 5) Listening to this melody she always cried (used to cry). 6) Taking pictures he remembered his father’s advice. 7) Close the door leaving the room.

Ex. 10. 1) are planning; 2) seeing; 3) best; 4) are already visiting; 5) greatest; 6) dreaming; 7) have landed; 8) are shocked.

Ex. 11. 1) at; 2) after; 3) for; 4) through; 5) for; 6) forward to; 7) after; 8) at.

Step 6

Ex. 1. B. True: 1, 3, 5, 7, 8; false: 6; not stated: 2, 4, 9.

Ex. 2. A. 1) admiring, admired; 2) devoting, devoted; 3) exciting, excited; 4) leading, led; 5) moving, moved; 6) receiving, received; 7) respecting, respected; 8) sharing, shared; 9) thrilling, thrilled.

B. 1) devoted (admired, admiring); 2) excited; 3) Admiring; 4) moved; 5) shared; 6) leading; 7) Devoting; 8) respected; 9) Receiving.

Ex. 3. 1) Sam had trouble (difficulty/a hard time) trying to get to the railway station on time. [Because there were a lot of cars on the road.] 2) Jane had difficulty (trouble) understanding people from Scotland. [They speak very differently from English people.] 3) The children had fun skiing and playing snowballs. [The weather was fine. They laughed a lot.] 4) Victor had difficulty (a hard time, trouble) doing his homework for the next class. [The task was too difficult. There was no one in the house to help him.] 5) Lucy had a wonderful time making a dress for her daughter. [She loved making clothes and was very good at it. She knew her daughter would enjoy wearing it.] 6) Vera and her friends had fun (a good/wonderful) time skating in the park. [There were few people on the skating rink. Nice music was playing.] 7) Tom and Dan had trouble (a hard time) getting home. [There was a terrible storm and they got wet and cold.] 8) The teenagers had fun spending time on the beach. [They played volleyball and lay in the sun. Everyone felt happy.]

Ex. 6. 1) invented; 2) occasions; 3) rewarded; 4) supposed; 5) lies; 6) investigate; 7) call; 8) courage.

Ex. 7. 1) lay; 2) lied; 3) lied; 4) lay; 5) lay; 6) lied; 7) lay; 8) lied.

Ex. 9. 1) called; 2) admiring; 3) demonstrated; 4) investigated; 5) Lying; 6) Invented; 7) Rewarding; 8) supposed.

Ex. 10. 1) investigate; 2) occasion; 3) lie; 4) courage; 5) reward; 6) call; 7) suppose; 8) invent; 9) lay.

Step 7

Ex. 1. 1c, 2d, 3b, a — extra.

Ex. 2. 2) Alice and Ed are busy painting their house. 3) The Johnson children are busy playing volleyball. 4) Mrs Griffin is busy watering the flowers. 5) Mr and Mrs Keaton are busy reading. 6) Valerie is busy talking on the mobile. 7) Philip is busy cutting the grass. 8) Mary and Sue are busy decorating the house.

Ex. 5. Courageous — храбрый; courageously — храбро; invention — изобретение; inventive — изобретательный; investigation — расследование; lier — лжец, врун; occasional — редкий, случайный; occasionally — время от времени, изредка, случайно; rewarding — благодарный (дающий удовлетворение).

Ex. 6. A. 1) improvement; 2) monthly; 3) anonymous; 4) mysterious; 5) courageous; 6) agreement; 7) movements; 8) nervous; 9) quarterly; 10) daily.

B. 1) journalist; 2) weekly; 3) famous; 4) interesting; 5) information; 6) dangerous; 7) ecological; 8) achievement.

Ex. 7. A. 1d, 2a, 3e, 4c, b — extra.

Ex. 9. 1) copies; 2) they were hung in public places; 3) called out the news; 4) the printing press; 5) the press is taken very seriously; 6) journalists-to-be; 7) have real influence; 8) some of them write about politics; 9) may be reproduced in hundreds of local papers; 10) MPs; 11) corruption or bad behaviour of officials; 12) many things that are hidden.

Ex. 10. 1) local; 2) unusual; 3) distant; 4) width; 5) length; 6) development; 7) growth; 8) monthly.

Ex. 11. 1) doing; 2) shopping; 3) fishing; 4) coming; 5) washing; 6) going; 7) watching; 8) dancing; 9) eating; 10) painting.

Step 8

Ex. 1. True: 1, 4, 6, 8, 9; false: 2, 5, 7; not stated: 3, 10.

Ex. 4. Positive: successful, entertaining, moving, courageous, brilliant, rewarding, terrific, powerful, unforgettable, exciting, inventive.

Negative: unreadable, terrible, unrealistic, boring, depressing.

Neutral: unusual, occasional, eventful, daily, general, humorous, modern.

Ex. 6.

1) Do you mind reading the text? 2) Do you mind driving her home? 3) Do you mind watering the plants? 4) Do you mind turning off the TV? 5) Do you mind completing the homework? 6) Do you mind closing the window? 7) Do you mind singing for them (singing your song)? 8) Do you mind correcting the mistake?

Ex. 7. 1) Do you mind me/my going shopping? 2) Do you mind me/my inviting Sally to our place (house). 3) Ted, do you mind closing the window? 4) Do you mind me/my opening the window? 5) Jean, do you mind buying me a copy of “The People’s Friend”? 6) Father, do you mind Mary/ Mary’s taking your suit from the cleaner’s? 7) Duncan, do you mind cutting the grass? 8) Lily, do you mind going to Greece for our holiday? 9) Ruby, do you mind typing some information in (to) the computer for me? 10) Carol, do you mind joining me and my friends for a tour of Ireland?

Ex. 8. A. 1) Иметь сомнения по какому-то поводу. Я сомневаюсь куда мне поехать в отпуск. 2) Напомнить о чем-то. Газетная статья напомнила о печальных событиях двухлетней давности. 3) Изменить решение, передумать. Что заставило тебя изменить свое решение пойти с нами? 4) Прийти в голову. Интересно, почему эта мысль никогда не приходила мне в голову? 5) Помнить что-то, держать в уме. Вспомни обо мне, если тебе понадобится помощь. 6) Быть не в своем уме. Он сумасшедший, если верит всем этим небылицам.

B. 1) I’m in two minds about (taking) the job. 2) You want to keep the name in mind. 3) The scene brought (called) your childhood to mind. 4) You changed your mind about going out with your friends. 5) You are out of your mind, I think. 6) Suddenly it came to your mind what to give your mother as a birthday present.

Ex. 9. 1) Will (Do) you mind me/my telling the truth? 2) Do you mind repeating your words? 3) Do you mind looking after my bags? 4) Do you mind Doris (’s) joining us? 5) Do you mind me/my opening the window? 6) Do you mind speaking in a whisper? 7) Do you mind coming back earlier? 8) Do you mind helping me with (the) shopping? 9) Do you mind cooking (making/preparing) dinner?

Ex. 10. 1) His students found Carroll humourless and dry. 2) The book is enjoyed all over the world. 3) The daughters of a university colleague. 4) It was not an unusual event. 5) The result of the journey was most unusual. 6) The little girl called Alice. 7) Under the pen name Lewis Carroll. 8) A child who doesn’t know the book and its characters. 9) He enjoyed the company of children. 10) A one-book author.

Step 9

Ex. 1. 1c, 2b, 3b.

Ex. 2. B. 1e, 2a, 3c, 4b, d — extra.

Ex. 5. 1) one; 2) some; 3) ones, ones; 4) some; 5) one; 6) one; 7) ones.

Ex. 6. 1) began; 2) understood; 3) tried; 4) could; 5) found; 6) best; 7) appearing; 8) became; 9) created; 10) solving; 11) worse.

Ex. 7. 1) fail to sell the vegetables; 2) pushed a trolley; 3) pull my bad tooth; 4) reward the athletes; 5) mumble your lines; 6) whisper in my ear; 7) publish his novel; 8) call out his name; 9) invent new medicines; 10) investigate the crime.

Ex. 8. 1) fascinated; 2) selling; 3) investigating; 4) calling; 5) walking; 6) typed; 7) earned; 8) written; 9) rewarding; 10) published.

Ex. 9. 1) to, in; 2) in; 3) at; 4) away; 5) in; 6) for; 7) out; 8) to; 9) in; 1) to.

Ex. 10. 1c, 2a, 3e, 4g, 5f, 6h, 7d, 8b.

Step 10

Ex. 1. 1c, 2e, 3a, 4d, b — extra.

Ex. 2. True: 3, 4; false: 1; not stated: 2, 5.

Ex. 3. 1) climbing; 2) said; 3) used; 4) closed; 5) coming; 6) told; 7) living; 8) made; 9) growing; 10) published.

Ex. 4. 1) forward; 2) published; 3) occasionally; 4) lonely; 5) failed; 6) private; 7) fun; 8) lied; 9) invention; 10) fascinating; 11) for; 12) brought; 13) pulling.

Ex. 6. 1) the author of the article; 2) a unique case; 3) to investigate a crime; 4) to be in two minds; 5) an absolute (complete) failure; 6) the latest invention; 7) courageous behaviour; 8) to speak in a whisper ( in whispers); 9) to look forward to a/the holiday; 10) to earn money.

Unit 3

Step 1

Ex. 2. True: 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11; false: 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 12.

Ex. 3. 1e, 2a, 3d, 4e, 5b, 6h, 7c, 8f, 9g.

Ex. 5. 1f, 2g, 3b, 4d, 5e, 6a, 7c.

Ex. 8. A. sciences: medicine, chemistry, metallurgy, economics, archeology; technologies: making clocks and watches, house construction, car making, fruit growing, navigation, shipbuilding, photography.

B. 1d, 2g, 3h, 4b, 5f, 6i, 7c, 8a, 9e. In most cases technologies appeared first. The exceptions may be: Biology, Chemistry appearing before cloning and making new materials.

Ex. 9. 1h, 2j, 3b, 4f, 5i, 6c, 7a, 8g, 9d, 10e.

Ex. 10. 1) purpose; 2) gun; 3) use; 4) tool; 5) technology; 6) function; 7) continue; 8) simple; 9) technique.

Step 2

Ex. 1. 1a, 2c, 3b, 4c.

Ex. 2. 1) from; 2) of/about; 3) for; 4) of/about; 5) for; 6) from; 7) for; 8) from; 9) for; 10) for.

Ex. 4. 1) [ju:zd]; 2) [ju:z]; 3) [ju:s]; 4) [ju:s]; 5) [ju:s]; 6) [ju:st]; 7) [ju:s]; 8) [ju:z]; 9) [ju:st]; 10) [ju:z].

Ex. 6. 1) a crop; 2) a weapon/weapons; 3) trade; 4) a skill; 5) a device.

Ex. 7. 1) constructed; 2) crop; 3) skill(s). 4) devices; 5) trade; 6) dug; 7) weapons.

Ex. 10. 1) verb, [ju:z]; 2) noun, [ju:s]; 3) noun, [ju:s]; 4) verb, [ju:z]; 5) verb, [ju:z]; 6) noun, [ju:s].

Ex. 11. 1) construct; 2) weapon; 3) device; 4) dig; 5) draw; 6) skill; 7) trade; 8) crop.

Ex. 12. 1) the purpose of the visit; 2) to continue work; 3) to use guns; 4) a simple problem; 5) modern technology; 6) to do something on purpose; 7) garden tools; 8) free use; 9) to construct roads; 10) foreign trade/trade with foreign countries; 11) to dig a/the garden; 12) to draw curtains; 13) an important skill; 14) nuclear weapons; 15) successful trade.

Step 3

Ex. 1. True: 2, 4, 7, 8; false: 1, 3, 5, 6.

Ex. 2. 1) The boy is dreaming of playing football. 2) The girls are talking about their holidays. 3) The old lady is blaming the boy for breaking the window. 4) The girl is apologizing for breaking the cup. 5) The lady is complaining about dirty dishes. 6) The girl is thinking of buying the dress. 7) The boy is keeping his friend from falling down. 8) The young man is thanking the pizza boy for bringing the pizza.

Ex. 4. Million; Neolithic; bronze; agricultural; civilization; technique; pyramids; construct; construction; era; military; structure; massive; columns; Roman; engineer; legendary; arch; aqueducts.

Ex. 5. The Stone Age — 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The Bronze Age — 1, 2, 10. The Iron Age — 9.

Ex. 6. 1) Члены моей семьи привыкли есть китайскую пищу (к китайской пище). 2) Я с нетерпением жду поездки по Дальнему Востоку. 3) Моя мама возражает против того, чтобы я возвращался домой поздно. 4) Моя старшая сестра против того, чтобы тратить много денег на одежду. 5) Мой брат заинтересован в том, чтобы вступить в ваш клуб. 6) Мой папа привык читать газеты за завтраком. 7) Дети с нетерпением ждали посещения Британского музея. 8) Я против того, чтобы ты смотрел телевизор весь день напролет. 9) Джону удалось получать только хорошие оценки по физике. 10) Студенты способны выучивать большие английские тексты наизусть.

Ex. 7. 1) to; 2) of; 3) in; 4) to; 5) in; 6) to; 7) in; 8) to; 9) of; 10) to.

Ex. 9.

1e, 2m, 3a, 4h, 5f, 6l, 7c, 8j, 9d, 10n, 11k, 12i, 13g, 14b, 15o.

Ex. 11. 1) are; 2) is; 3) are; 4) is; 5) are; 6) are; 7) was; 8) is; 9) is; 10) Is; 11) is.

Ex. 12. 1) It is useless to do it. It is no use doing it. 2) What’s the use of going there? 3) He decided to continue taking driving lessons. 4) He always carries weapons. 5) What’s the function of this element? 6) He told you that on purpose. 7) They work using new computer technologies. 8) It is necessary to develop science and technology.

Step 4

Ex. 1. Tools in the garden: 1c, 2a, 3b, 4d. Tools in the factory: 1c, 2a, 3b, 4d. Devices at home: 1a, 2b, 3d, 4e, 5c, 6i, 7g, 8h, 9f.

Ex. 2. 1) for; 2) to; 3) of; 4) of; 5) of/about; 6) to; 7) from; 8) in; 9) for; 10) for.

Ex. 4. 1) a trader — торговец; 2) skilful — умелый, искусный; 3) inventor — изобретатель; 4) complaint — жалоба; 5) apology — извинение.

Ex. 5. 1) The; 2) — ; 3) — ; 4) — ; 5) A/The; 6) The/A; 7) The/A; 8) a; 9) A; 10) A/The; 11) — ; 12) A.

Ex. 6. 1) invented; 2) discovered; 3) discovered; 4) discovered; 5) invented; 6) discovered; 7) invented; 8) discovered; 9) invented; 10) discovered.

Ex. 7. 1d, 2g, 3f, 4a, 5e, 6c, d — extra.

Ex. 9. 1) for; 2) from; 3) to; 4) for; 5) of; 6) in; 7) of/about; 8) to; 9) for; 10) of.

Ex. 10.

1) microwave; 2) dishwasher; 3) coffee maker; 4) washing machine; 5) earphones; 6) hairdryer (hairdrier); 7) notebook; 8) food mixer.

Ex. 11. 1) made; 2) be; 3) has produced; 4) come (have come); 5) are (have been) created; 4) working; 7) will never know; 8) thought.

Step 5

Ex. 1. 1a, 2c, 3b.

Ex. 2. 1) —; 2) The; 3) a, a; 4) —; 5) —; 6) —; 7) a; 8) a; 9) The, —; 10) The, a.

Ex. 4. 1) manages to find time; 2) cost of education; 3) break the promise; 4) afford to wait any longer; 5) consider looking; 6) exploring the garden; 7) small size; 8) kept arguing.

Ex. 5. A. 1) darkened; 2) enlarge; 3) lengthen; 4) strengthen; 5) enlighten; 6) widened; 7) enable; 8) encourage.

B. 1) originally; 2) protection, 3) enabled; 4) owners; 5) warmth; 6) mainly; 7) fashionable.

Ex. 9. 1) the production of power; 2) Gothic architecture; 3) the New World; 4) the Renaissance; 5) ship-building and iron industry; 6) in the early 19th century; 7) thanks to science and technology; 8) transportation, communications and use of energy; 9) better living standards; 10) such great technological achievements do not come without a price; 11) weapons of mass destruction; 12) question the advantages of high technology.

Ex. 10. 1) The Middle Ages; 2) a watermill; 3) a cathedral; 4) a gun; 5) the Renaissance; 6) shipbuilding; 7) Industrial revolution; 8) a steam engine; 9) achievement; 10) communications; 11) price; 12) stresses.

Ex. 11. 1) sadden; 2) size; 3) advantage; 4) afford; 5) consider.

Step 6

Ex. 1. 1a, 2c, 3c, 4c.

Ex. 3. A. 1b, 2a, 3e, 4c, 5d.

Ex. 6. A. 1) promised; 2) forget; 3) afford; 4) learned/learnt; 5) agreed.

Ex. 8. 1) Sam Johnson grew apples to get a good crop. 2) James went to a/the driving school to learn to drive. 3) Patrick bought some flowers to give to his friend. 4) The tourists arrived in London to have a look at Nelson’s Column. 5) The young people came to (the) church to get married. 6) The teenagers came to their granny’s house to have tea. 7) Donald sat down on the beach to paint.

Ex. 9. A. 1) offered; 2) learned/learnt; 3) manage; 4) refuse; 5) hope.

B. 1) easy; 2) pleasant; 3) important; 4) happy; 5) small.

Ex. 10. 1) This device is difficult to improve. 2) A sandcastle is easy to destroy. 3) Chinese is hard to learn. 4) New tools are interesting to invent. 5) This water is not safe to drink. 6) That football match was exciting to watch. 7) His plan was difficult to follow. 8) My friend’s cottage was easy to find. 9) A five-star hotel was hard to find on the coast. 10) His words were impossible to believe.

Ex. 11. 1) Yuri Gagarin (was); 2) German Titov (was); 3) Valentina Tereshkova (was); 4) Alexey Leonov (was); 5) Neil Armstrong (was); 6) The Orville and Wilbur Wright; 7) Alexander Popov; 8) Alexander Graham Bell; 9) Marie Curie; 10) Fyodor Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev; 11) Roald Amundsen; 12) Fernando Magellan.

Step 7

Ex. 1. True: 3, 7, 8; false: 1, 2, 5, 6; not stated: 1, 4.

Ex. 3. 1) the; 2) The, the, the; 3) — ; 4) the; 5) the; 6) the; 7) The, — , the; 8) the; 9) — ; 10) The, the, the.

Ex. 4. 1) to come/to be/to arrive; 2) to understand/to follow; 3) to listen; 4) to buy/to get; 5) to explain; 6) to carry; 7) to water; 8) to swim/to have a swim/to drink some water etc; 9) to carry; 10) to wear/to put on.

Ex. 6. 1) generations; 2) memorable; 3) proved; 4) aim; 5) flight; 6) satisfy; 7) generation; 8) huge; 9) satisfied; 10) was launched; 11) prove; 12) flight.

Ex. 7. 1) into; 2) through; 3) down; 4) out; 5) into; 6) in; 7) out; 8) through; 9) down; 10) in; 11) in.

Ex. 9. 1) … because she was afraid of mice. 2) … because he was happy to play with (see) the child. 3) … because he had broken his bike (… because his bike was broken). 4) … because they had seen something funny on television. 5)… because she felt happy looking at the sunrise. 6)… because he was carrying heavy books upstairs. 7) … because he didn’t like the porridge that was (had been) given to him.

Ex. 10. 1g, 2h, 3f, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7e, 8d.

Ex. 11. 1) To launch rockets into space; 2) a memorable space flight; 3) a new generation of cosmonauts (astronauts); 4) the huge universe; 5) to achieve an/the aim; 6) to cancel the flight; 7) to delay the flight; 8) to launch a new space project; 9) to satisfy somebody’s interest; 10) to satisfy one’s hunger; 11) to prove to one’s teachers and parents; 12) to prove (to be) right.

Ex. 12. 1) a; 2) — ; 3) The; 4) the; 5) The; 6) the; 7) the; 8) The, the; 9) a; 10) The.

Step 8

Ex. 1. 1c, 2b, 3c, 4b.

Ex. 2. 1) Mercury; 2) Venus; 3) Earth; 4) Mars; 5) Jupiter; 6) Saturn; 7) Uranus; 8) Neptune.

Ex. 3. 1a, 2b, 3b, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7a, 8c.

Ex. 5. 1b, 2c, 3a, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7a, 8c, 9c, 10b.

Ex. 6. Memory — память; aimless — бесцельный; aimlessly — бесцельно; satisfaction — удовлетворение; satisfactory — удовлетворительный; refusal — отказ; promise — обещание; promising — подающий надежды, многообещающий; proof — доказательство.

Ex. 8. 1) couldn’t, didn’t manage to; 2) were able; 3) couldn’t, wasn’t able to; 4) managed; 5) was able; 6) couldn’t, were not able; 7) couldn’t, didn’t manage to; 8) wasn’t able to, couldn’t; 9) was able to; 10) couldn’t, didn’t manage to.

Ex. 9. 1) proof; 2) aim; 3) refusal; 4) promising; 5) satisfaction; 6) refuse; 7) satisfy; 8) aimlessly; 9) promise; 10) memory; 11) aimless; 12) memorable.

Ex. 11. 4) They managed/were able to…; 6) I managed/was able…; 8) Sally managed/was able to…; 9) At last we managed/were able to see the film; 10) Why wasn’t he able to explain…/why didn’t he manage to explain…?

Step 9

Ex. 1. 1c, 2a, 3c, 4a, 5b, 6c.

Ex. 3. True: 1, 4, 5, 6; false: 3; not stated: 2.

Ex. 5. 2)…but Andrew managed (was able) to do it. 4) Jerry managed (was able) to run away. 6) Our team managed (was able) to win the match. 8) He managed (was able) to earn enough money. 9) …his friend managed (was able) to do it.

Ex. 6. 1) in; 2) on; 3) on, on, with; 4) in; 5) in; 6) to; 7) for; 8) into; 9) out; 10) into; 11) down; 12) at.

Ex. 7. 1) once in a blue moon; 2) came down to earth; 3) are over the moon; 4) are crying (asking) for the moon; 5) promised the earth (the moon); 6) had stars in my eyes; 7) aims at the stars.

Ex. 9. 1) continue — go on; 2) construct — build; 3) consider — think; 4) device — gadget; 5) function — operate; 6) huge — very big; 7) manage — be able; 8) prevent from — keep from; 9) simple — easy; 10) tool — device; 11) weapon — gun; 12) say that you are sorry — apologize.

Ex. 10. 1) of; 2) breakable; 3) afford; 4) to operate; 5) in; 6) proof; 7) the; 8) — ; 9) argue; 10) achieved.

Step 10

Ex. 1. 1d, 2e, 3c, 4g, 5a, 6b, f — extra.

Ex. 2. 1c, 2e, 3d, 4b, 5a.

Ex. 3. 1) civilization; 2) scientists; 3) active; 4) equipment; 5) magnetic; 6) distant.

Ex. 4. 1) opened/was opened; 2) took; 3) cost; 4) began; 5) told; 6) later; 7) digging; 8) was stopped/stopped; 9) to continue; 10) later; 11) ran; 12) closer; 13) less; 14) to travel.

Ex. 6. 1) to launch a spaceship into space; 2) a bow and arrows; 3) simple devices (gadgets) and tools; 4) a skillful/ skilled worker; 5) to explore the universe; 6) science and technology; 7) a dangerous nuclear weapon; 8) a memorable flight; 9) It’s no use objecting and arguing; 10) a capable inventor.

Unit 4

Step 1

Ex. 1. The song presumably gives an idea of happy years when one is young and full of energy and hopes.

Ex. 5. A. 1) to stay; 2) to listen/listening; 3) playing; 4) telling; 5) to use/using; 6) to watch; 7) walking; 8) to wait/ waiting; 9) to do; 10) telling.

B. 1) taking; 2) to post; 3) to take; 4) watching; 5) crying; 6) to buy; 7) to telephone; 8) talking; 9) seeing; 10) to take.

Ex. 7. 1) mad; 2) rebel; 3) annoys; 4) pretty; 5) shake; 6) notice; 7) rebellion; 8) expecting; 9) couple; 10) shaking; 11) pretty.

Ex. 9. 1) being; 2) meeting; 3) to look; 4) to learn/learning; 5) to read; 6) to buy; 7) making; 8) dancing; 9) to feed; 10) to have.

Ex. 11. 1) annoy; 2) rebel; 3) rebellion; 4) shake; 5) shook; 6) notice; 7) couple; 8) mad; 9) pretty; 10) expect; 11) refuse; 12) laughter.

Ex. 12. 1) to shake with laughter; 2) a pretty (fairly, rather) good answer; 3) to annoy one’s classmates; 4) a teen (teenage) rebellion; 5) to shake hands; 6) to be mad about hockey; 7) a couple of schoolbags in the corner of a/the classroom; 8) to expect (the) holidays; 9) to notice changes; 10) a pretty young woman.

Step 2

Ex. 1. 1e, 2f, 3d, 4c, 5a, b — extra.

Ex. 2. 1e, 2c, 3f, 4b, 5g, 6h, 7a, 8d, 9j, 10i.

Ex. 3. 1) мятежник, бунтарь; 2) бунтарский, мятежный; 3) объявление; 4) досадный; 5) досада; 6) скука; 7) сумасшествие, безумие, глупость; 8) без ума, безумно.

Ex. 4. 1) pair; 2) couple; 3) couple; 4) pair; 5) couple; 6) couple; 7) pair; 8) pair; 9) pair; 10) couple/pair; 11) couple/pair; 12) pair; 13) pair.

Ex. 5. (samples): 1) What work is he trying to complete? Is he doing it himself? When did he begin doing it? 2) Why did Joyce feel annoyed? When did Joyce and Max talk? Did she tell him anything about her annoyance? 3) Where does he usually go to disco dancing? How often does he go there? Is he mad about anything else? 4) Where was Rick when you saw him? Why was he shaking with cold? What did you tell him? When you saw him? 5) Where were the changes made? When were they made? Why didn’t Gwen notice any changes? 6) How old was Kevin when he rebelled for the first time? Against whom did he rebel? Why did he rebel? 7) What news does Philip expect? Where from does he expect the news? When exactly does he expect the news?

Ex. 6. 1) anytime; 2) anyway/anyhow; 3) anymore; 4) anyplace/anywhere; 5) anyway/anyhow; 6) anyway/anyhow; 7) anymore/anyway/anyhow; 8) anyhow/anyway; 9) anywhere/anyplace; 10) anyway/anyhow.

Ex. 7. B. 1c, 2b, 3c, 4b, 5a, 6a.

Ex. 8. 1) ≈ 1.86 metres.

Ex. 9. 1) being; 2) seeing; 3) reading; 4) to help; 5) to buy; 6) playing; 7) getting up, doing; 8) smiling; 9) to answer; 10) to understand; 11) to answer; 12) flying.

Ex. 10. 1) rebellious; 2) couple; 3) annoying; 4) pair; 5) anywhere; 6) pair; 7) madness; 8) anyway; 9) pair; 10) annoyed.

Ex. 12. 1) the book about a teenager; 2) teenage rebellion; 3) the main character; 4) poor academic performance; 5) have a seat; 6) Wednesday night; 7) they’ll be pretty annoyed; 8) Partly because; 9) I shook my head; 10) to act one’s age; 11) You couldn’t help it; 12) I sort of looked through it; 13) to hurt his feelings.

Step 3

Ex. 1. 1b, 2c, 3a, 4b.

Ex. 3. 1) him; 2) them; 3) us; 4) him; 5) them; 6) her; 7) us; 8) you; 9) him; 10) them.

Ex. 5. Mr Harrison would like/expects/wants the new secretary 1) to type documents; 3) to make tea; 5) to water the plants; 7) to photocopy documents. He wouldn’t like/doesn’t want/doesn’t expect her 2) to play computer games; 4) to do shopping; 6) to talk over the phone with her friend, to paint nails; 8) to be late.

Ex. 7. 1) answers to riddles; 2) extreme views; 3) serious reasons; 4) top of the hill; 5) note from my parents; 6) bottom of the page; 7) angry voice; 8) various nationalities; 9) wrap the scarf; 10) real challenge.

Ex. 8. Alternative, northern, ingredients, essay, sarcastic, lectures. All those are international words.

Ex. 9. 1) a very dirty trick; 2) I didn’t have any alternative; 3) for various reasons; 4) secret ingredients; 5) Your essay ends there; 6) in his very sarcastic voice; 7) It’s all right with me; 8) I’m flunking everything; 9) Respectfully yours.

Ex. 10. 1) at; 2) in; 3) at, of; 4) for; 5) for; 6) from; 7) up/ —, to; 8) in; 9) for; 10) with, for; 11) at; 12) with; 13) round/around; 14) in.

Ex. 11. 1g, 2b, 3d, 4a, 5f, 6e, 7c.

Step 4

Ex. 1. True: 1, 4, 6; false: 2, 3; not stated: 5, 7.

Ex. 2. 1c, 2f, 3h, 4b, 5d, 6g, 7e, 8i, 9a.

Ex. 3. Anger — гнев; challenging — трудный, но интересный; extremely — чрезвычайно, в высшей степени; to note — отметить; reasonable — разумный; variety — разнообразие.

Ex. 5. 1) I want you to read the book. 2) I don’t want Max to come home early. 3) I would like my friend to help me. 4) I wouldn’t like my mum to work so much. 5) We expect them to win the match. 6) They don’t expect us to come back so soon. 7) He didn’t want his parents to know about it. 8) Our teachers expect us to write the test well.

Ex. 6. 1) He often watches it flying around the house. — Он часто наблюдает за тем, как он (волнистый попугай) летает по дому. 2) Duncan always laughs when he sees Whipper dance in front of the mirror. — Дункан часто смеется, когда видит, что Виппер танцует перед зеркалом. 3) One morning when Duncan was still sleeping he felt Whipper’s beak touch his lips… — Однажды утром, когда Дункан все еще спал, он почувствовал, что клюв Виппера коснулся его губ... 4) [He] heard his bird say loudly “Hello”. — (Он) услышал, что его птичка громко сказала «Привет». 5) Later Duncan noticed Whipper say “Goodbye”. — Позже Дункан заметил, что Виппер говорит: «Пока». 6) In Florida you can see a young man walking a crocodile. — Во Флориде вы можете увидеть молодого человека, который прогуливает крокодила. 7) They… love to watch it running on the farm ground. — Им... нравится наблюдать, как он бегает по ферме. 8) Julia often watches her pet changing the colour and climbing the tree in its big cage. — Джулия часто наблюдает за тем, как ее любимец меняет цвет и лазает по дереву в своей большой клетке.

Ex. 7. 1) — ; 2) to; 3) to; 4) — , — ; 5) — ; 6) to; 7) to; 8) — ; 9) — ; 10) to; 11) — .

Ex. 9. (samples): 1) heard; 2) watched; 3) hear; 4) felt; 5) seen/watched; 6) notice/see; 7) seen/watched.

Ex. 10. 1) James heard something fall on the kitchen floor. 2) Nobody noticed the boy disappear in the house. 3) The children watched the fish happily swimming in the bowl. 4) The policemen saw the car stop at the bank. 5) We saw the television screen suddenly go dark. 6) He felt something warm fall on his arm. 7) The singers on the stage heard someone in the hall sing along. 8) The whole class heard the book fall on the floor. 9) Julia felt a cold raindrop fall on her face. 10) The teacher noticed one of the children quietly leave the room.

Ex. 11. 1) We saw the/a rocket fly into the sky. 2) The/A little girl watched a plane flying in the sky. 3) I noticed Ann close her eyes. 4) I heard Mum playing/play the piano. 5) Have you ever heard a nightingale sing/singing? 6) John felt his sister take him by the hand. 7) Robert watched the boat disappearing in the distance. Soon he saw it disappear. 8) We noticed Kate leave the house alone.

Ex. 12. 1) challenge; 2) angry; 3) bottom; 4) extreme; 5) wrap; 6) reason; 7) various; 8) riddle; 9) couple; 10) expect; 11) variety.

Step 5

Ex. 1. A. True: 1, 5; false: 2, 3, 6; not stated: 4.

Ex. 2. 1) Peter saw a small bird building a nest. 2) Robin saw Max leaving their office. 3) When Alice arrived at school, she heard the students singing. 4) Boris watched his favourite football team playing and winning. 5) Sarah saw her neighbour approaching. Sarah felt Lucy touch her leg. 6) Dan saw his friends preparing for the party. He noticed/watched Ann decorating the room. He saw the TV working. He heard some pop star singing.

Ex. 3. (sample): …but saw a cowboy riding along his street. Andy watched the cowboy suddenly stop his horse and heard him say/saying “Oh, hell!” Andy watched/saw the cowboy take out his gun and shoot. The boy saw the man fall off his horse and decided to help him. The boy climbed down the tree, ran out of his garden and saw a film crew shooting a Western. He heard the director shout/shouting “Start the camera!” Andy understood his mistake.

Ex. 4. 1g, 2b, 3f, 4e, 5c, 6a, d — extra.

Ex. 6. 2) I want my mum to think more about my problems. 3) I see that my mother doesn’t often understand me. 5) Linda watched her brother stop riding on his bike, get off it and walk to the cottage. 7) They hear that their classmates are leaving for St Petersburg. 9) I hear that he is making a very successful career. 10) I would like my teacher to give us more information about Britain.

Ex. 8. (samples): 1) Make sure your backpack is not too heavy. 2) Remember to take a raincoat and rubber boots with you. 3) Watch out for forest bees. 4) Mind you that it is easy to lose your way in the forest. 5) Watch out for the ants. Make sure that you don’t come close to anthills. 6) Whatever you do, try not to come down with a cold. 7) Remember not to lie in the sun too long. 8) You can’t leave a fire burning. You mustn’t break branches of trees. Make sure you leave the camping place clean.

Ex. 9. 1)… to do something; 2)… to do something; 3) … somebody do/doing something; 4) … do and do; 5) somebody do/doing something.

Ex. 10. 2) We noticed Andrew entering the classroom. 5) They watched their friends playing volleyball. 6) He has never heard his aunt singing.

Ex. 11. (samples): 1) But I warn you/I’m warning you. 2) Don’t do that. 3) Stop talking. 4) Mind you that… 5) I wouldn’t do it. 6) Make sure it doesn’t happen again.

Step 6

Ex. 1. True: 3, 6; false: 2, 5; not stated: 4.

Ex. 4. (sample): 1) It’s likely to rain. Fine weather is not likely to keep. 2) Steve is likely to be a success and make a career in medicine. Steve is not likely to fail (funk) his exams. 3) Mary is likely to fall ill. Mary is not likely to be fit for work. 4) Andrew is likely to be out. Andrew is not likely to be at home. 5) The school is likely to be ready on time. The builders are not likely to break their promise. 6) They are likely to enjoy the football match. They are not likely to miss the game. 7) George is likely to become a professional actor. George is not likely to choose any other career. 8) Fred is likely to stay with his aunt. Fred is not likely to leave his aunt. 9) We are likely to go without food. We are not likely to be able to buy any food tonight. 10) Susan is likely to win. Susan is not likely to lose the race.

Ex. 5. 1) Margaret tore the letter up. 2) Phil’s health worries his parents. 3) To preserve the cut flowers we can put them in a dark cool place. 4) On our planet there existed several civilizations. 5) Kate dates a very nice boy. 6) Jeremy has been unemployed for a long time. 7) Pauline claimed that she was the best pupil in her class. 8) The weather is likely to be wonderful today. 9) The sweet song touched me (my heart).

Ex. 6. A. Racism is a way of behaviour or thinking that treats people belonging to some races unfairly.

Ex. 8. A. 1) negative; 2) stressful; 3) knowledgeable; 4) shapeful; 5) expensive; 6) freedom and independence; 7) informative; 8) original; 9) disappear; 10) librarian, inventive.

B. 1) The blind; 2) — ; 3) — ; 4) the, the; 5) the, 6) — ; 7) the, the, the; 8) — ; 9) —, — ; 10) — ; 11) — .

Ex. 9. 1) anger; 2) reason; 3) likely; 4) citizen; 5) understand.

Ex. 10. 1) on TV as newsreaders; 2) British lifestyle; 3) an extreme right-wing group; 4) ethnic minorities; 5) a fair competition; 6) the idea of repatriation; 7) they feel strongly about it; 8) I feel like an outsider there; 9) multicultural.

Ex. 11. 1) I would like you to join us. 2) Can you (Do you) hear the telephone ringing (ring)? 3) I felt my little niece take me by the hand. 4) I saw Andrew open the bag and take some papers (documents) out of it. 5) We noticed Alice begin writing something. 6) My parents don’t want me to become a singer. 7) We watched the children swimming in the sea. 8) I have never seen him dance (dancing).

Ex. 12. 1) preserve many old documents; 2) touched the water; 3) claim this book; 4) tore the picture; 5) exist on bread and water; 6) worried about his education; 7) unemployed people; 8) unlikely to forget; 9) dating each other.

Step 7

Ex. 1. Maria —f; Melanie — c; Luke — d; Bruce — e; Simon — a; Andy — b.

Ex. 3.

1) — ; 2) — ; 3) to; 4) to; 5) — ; 6) to; 7) — ; 8) to; 9) to; 10) — .

Ex. 4. 1) Roger’s brother was made to sit still. 2) I’m never allowed to leave home after ten. 3) How was he made to listen to you? 4) I’m allowed to live in a small cottage behind the farmer’s house. 5) Andrew will be made to pay the money back. 6) The old lady was made to wait more than an hour. 7) I’m allowed to look through my granny’s old photographs. 8) My little sister is never allowed to go to the river alone. 9) I was not allowed to see what she was doing. 10) Little Ann was made to smile.

Ex. 5. 1) higher; 2) has heard/heard; 3) say; 4) to understand; 5) buy/buying; 6) gambling; 7) use/using; 8) gamble/gambling.

Ex. 7. 1) on/along; 2) away with; 3) at; 4. on/along; 5) over; 6) down to; 7) over; 8) on/along; 9) away with; 10) down to.

Ex. 8. 1) quite a; 2) a rather/rather a; 3) a pretty; 4) quite a; 5) quite a; 6) a fairly; 7) a rather/rather a; 8) a pretty; 9) quite a; 10) a fairly.

Ex. 9. 1) — ; 2) to; 3) — ; 4) — ; 5) to; 6) — ; 7) — ; 8) to; 9) —; 10) to.

Ex. 10. 1) My mother doesn’t let me wear/ doesn’t allow me to wear short skirts. 2) I’m not allowed to work on this computer. 3) It’s so hot! Let me go to the river to have a swim. 4) I’ll make you tell me the truth. 5) We were made to clean the windows. 6) My elder brother doesn’t let me/allow me to ride his bike. 7) The children were allowed to buy ice cream. 8) Victor was made to learn the poem by heart.

Ex. 11. 1c, 2e, 3b, 4a, 5d.

Step 8

Ex. 1. 1b, 2f, 3a, 4e, 5d, c — extra.

Ex. 3. B. 1b, 2b, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6c, 7a.

Ex. 5. 1) Jerald sees Peter playing badminton. 2) Maria wants her favourite football team to win. 3) Robert watched the boat suddenly disappear. 4) Roger wishes his daughter to make a good actress. 5) Alice noticed Florence entering the supermarket. 6) Kate’s mother wants to make Kate go to the dentist. 7) We expect Rose to come on Thursday. 8) Stephen heard Polly playing the piano. 9) Sigmund wants his mother to let him go to the night club.

Ex. 6. 1) I am/I’ve got; 2) gets; 3) is getting/is; 4) is/has got; 5) have you been; 6) got; 7) is, get; 8) got; 9) are; 10) is, get.

Ex. 7. (sample): 1) Stop using bad language. Make sure it doesn’t happen again. 2) Mind you that it can be bad for (tell on) your studies. 3) Remember that it is (may be) a dangerous sport. 4) Whatever you do, don’t forget to call home if you’re late. 5) Stop it! (Don’t do that!) 6) Look (Watch) out! It’s hot. 7) I wouldn’t date him (her). 8) Watch the time. You may be late. 9) Watch your step. 10) Remember that it’s easy to fall down.

Ex. 8. 1) used to do it; 2) used to go; 3) is used to eating; 4) am not used to going; 5) used to dance; 6) is used to walking; 7) used to swim; 8) is used to living; 9) used to write; 10) are used to reading.

Ex. 9. 1) used to; 2) am used to; 3) use to; 4) are used to; 5) used to; 6) are used to.

Ex. 10. 1) couple; 2) rebellion; 3) to talk; 4) visiting; 5) say; 6) has passed; 7) quite; 8) top; 9) to stop; 10) boring.

Ex. 11. 1) I’m angry. 2) I got angry yesterday. 3) Are you married? 4) My sister got married not long ago. 5) We’re thirsty. 6) When it’s hot outside, you get thirsty. 7) Anna is hungry. 8) Anna got hungry and decided to have a bowl of soup.

Ex. 12. 1) to; 2) to; 3) — ; 4) to; 5) to; 6) to; 7) — ; 8) — .

Step 9

Ex. 1. A. 1a, 2c, 3c, 4a.

Ex. 4. 1) British; 2) behaviour; 3) fashionable; 4) unsafe; 5) teenagers; 6) difficulty; 7) useless.

Ex. 5. 1c, 2a, 3c, 4b, 5c, 6a, 7b, 8a, 9c, 10a.

Ex. 7. 1) over; 2) reasonable; 3) note; 4) different; 5) challenge; 6) against; 7) pretty; 8 —; 9) round; 10) with, for; 11) at; 12) with.

Ex. 8. A. (sample): 1) Мы ведь старые друзья, верно? 2) Он ненадежный друг (друг до первой беды). Где он был, когда мне была нужна его помощь? 3) Джейн — надежный друг. Она не оставит тебя в беде. 4) Две девочки были настолько неразлучны, что у них даже не хватало времени для родных. 5) Мы встретились в туристическом лагере и тут же понравились друг другу и стали близкими друзьями. 6) Моя старшая дочь Мэри была мне поддержкой и опорой во время (моей) болезни. 7) Джулия — моя задушевная подруга. 8) Рональд всегда был мне верным другом.

Step 10

Ex. 1. 1e, 2c, 3b, 4f, 5a, d — extra.

Ex. 2. 1c, 2e, 3f, 4d, 5a, b — extra.

Ex. 3. 1) certainly; 2) freedom; 3) shapeless; 4) morality; 5) harmful; 6) racism.

Ex. 4. 1) pair; 2) shook; 3) on; 4) unlikely; 5) with; 6) over; 7) at; 8) to find; 9) — .

Ex. 6. 1) to read out loud; 2) to tear something on a branch; 3) to rebel against something; 4) a newly married couple; 5) at the top of the page; 6) to shake with laughter; 7) fairly (pretty, rather, quite) difficult/ hard; 8) to feel annoyance; 9) to wrap something round oneself; 10) to touch upon a problem.