План – конспект комбинированного урока англ. языке и истории по теме The Heart of Moscow
план-конспект урока по английскому языку

План – конспект комбинированного урока по английскому языку и истории по теме:  « The Heart of Moscow» (фрагмент)

Учитель

     The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. It was built on the elevated left bank of the Moskva River at the decree of Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy.

     The Kremlin didn`t always look the way it does today. The first Kremlin was small, only one-twentieth of the territory it occupies now. After two centuries the wooden walls built in Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy`s time were replaced by a fortification made of thick oak logs in the reign of Dmitriy Donskoy.

Ученик (1)

     The central square of the Kremlin is called Cathedral Square and includes the Cathedral of the Assumption, the Cathedral of the Annunciation, the Cathedral of the Annunciation, the Cathedral of the Archangel, the Church of the Deposition of the Robe ( Tserkov Rizpolozheniya ),  the Patriarch`s Chambers with the Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles ( Sobor Dvenadtsati Apostolov), the Hall of Many Facets, and the most significant and ancient are the three cathedrals.

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                                The Cathedral of the Assumption

     This cathedral holds the central position on the square. It was bequn by the Russian masters, Krivtsov and Myshkin, in 1472. Tsar Ivan III invited Ridolfo Fioravantiz, a famous Italian architect from Bologna, nicknamed “Aristotle” for his wisdom, to participate in the construction.

      Aristotle Fioravanti, a true son of the Renaissance era, imbued with the spirit of Russian art, demonstrated his talents widely in Russia.

Ученик (3)

     The Cathedral of the Assumption has become the main cathedral of Russia. Russian tsars and emperors were crowned here, and this was the place from which government decrees were given. The tombs of Moscow metropolitans and patriarchs line the walls.

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     The most honoured icons from various cities were brought to the Cathedral of the Assumption. The 12th-century icon of Saint George is the most ancient of those that have been preserved. Among the works of Russian craftsmanship are the Tsar`s Place for Ivan IV (the Terrible) or, as it was called, the Throne of Monomakh .

Ученик (5)

                               The Cathedral of the Annunciation

      The cathedral was built by Russian masters from 1484 to 1489 and served as the private church of the grand Dukes and tsars. The Cathedral of the Annunciation is comfortable, nicely decorated, and fairy-talelike. Tsars attended daily services in the private church. Here, members of the ruling family celebrated baptisms and marriages. The inside of the cathedral was painted by Fedosius , the son of Dionysius,  and his fellow icon painters.

Ученик (6)

      In the murals, which decorate the walls in four tiers, in depicted the idea of continuity between the royalty of the Moscow and Byzantine empires .(the mother of Vasiliy III , Sofiya Paleologue , was a niece of the last Byzantine emperor.)

                                 The Cathedral of the Archangel

 Ученик (7)

    This cathedral, build from 1505 to 1508, was a burial-place for grand dukes and tsars. According to tradition, Russian tsars, when leaving for a campaign , first prayed in the Cathedral of the Archangel , asking for assistance and support from their predecessors buried therein .

The architect of the Cathedral of the Archangel – an Italian Aleviz Noviy – combined the traditions of Russian architecture and the principles of classical architecture. The inside of the cathedral was painted by the masters Yakov Kasantes and Semyon Ryazanets . Biblical scenes, portraits of Muscovite grand dukes – from Ivan Kalita to Vasiliy III, and also grand dukes of Kiev and Vladimir – adorn the walls  . These great figures, created with dignity, have exquisite silhouettes and feature beautiful clothing and armour .

Ученик (8)

Prince Dmitriy Donskoy and his sons and grandsons are entombed by the south wall of the cathedral. Ivan III ,who laid the foundation for the cathedral , and his son , Vasiliy III , have their tombs next to the iconostasis  . Tsar’s Ivan IV (the Terrible) also decreed that he should be buried in the altar of the cathedral. His tomb and those of his children are behind the iconostasis. The tombs of the Romanov tsars – Mikhail, Alexei , Fyodor , and Ivan V – are in the central part of the cathedral

Ученик (9)

  The Kremlin’s special role is not only in its central location and the fact that all of  the main roads of the capital lead to it. Since the earliest years of the Russian state, it has been at the centre of national attention, a place where history is made time and again, a symbol of the unity and eminence of Russia.