МРПЗ "Органы пищеварительной системы. The Past Perfect Tense"
методическая разработка по английскому языку на тему

ГБОУ СПО «Тольяттинский медколледж»

Методическая разработка практического занятия

для преподавателя

«Органы пищеварительной системы. The Past Perfect Tense»

Дисциплина «Иностранный язык» (английский)

Специальность: 060604 Лабораторная диагностика (базовая подготовка)

Преподаватель: Семенова Н. В.

Методическая разработка практического

занятия для преподавателя

Тема. Органы пищеварительной системы. The Past Perfect Tense. 

Учебные цели.

После изучения данной темы студент должен уметь:

– вести беседу по теме;

– понимать лексические единицы и выражения в потоке речи;

– читать и переводить тексты по изученной теме.

После изучения данной темы студент должен знать:

–органы пищеварительной системы и их функции;

– употребление The Past Perfect Tense;

– лексику по теме.

Воспитательные цели. Изучение данной темы:

– стимулирует интерес студентов к обучению в колледже;

– стимулирует самостоятельность студенческого творчества.

– способствует созданию мотивации на продолжение самостоятельного углубленного изучения дисциплины.

В результате освоения данной темы у студента должны формироваться следующие общие компетенции

• ОК 4. Осуществлять поиск и использование информации, необходимой для эффективного выполнения профессиональных задач, профессионального и личностного развития;
• ОК 5. Использовать информационно-коммуникативные технологии в профессиональной деятельности;
• ОК 6. Работать в коллективе и команде, эффективно общаться с коллегами, руководством, потребителями;
• ОК8. Самостоятельно определять задачи профессионального и личностного развития, заниматься самообразованием, осознано планировать повышение своей квалификации.

Общее время занятия – 2 часа.

Место проведения занятия: учебный кабинет колледжа «Иностранный язык».

Оснащение занятия: компьютер, мультимедийный проектор, видеофильм, презентация.

План проведения занятия

Рекомендуемая литература

Основные источники:

1. Воропаева Е.Л. Грамматика английского языка: Учебное пособие по грамматике для самостоятельной работы студентов средних специальных учебных заведений./ Е.Л. Воропаева, Е.А. Бобер, Н.В. Левич. – Омск: ФГОУ СПО ОМК, 2009. – 100 с.
2. Козырева Л.Г., Шадская Т.В. Английския язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ. – «Феникс», 2008. – 320 с.
3. Муравейская М.С. , Орлова Л.К. Английский язык для медиков.- Изд. Флинта, Наука, 2009.- 384 с.

Дополнительные  источники:

1. Elaine N. Marieb. Human Anatomy & Physiology. Sixth Edition.  Publisher: Benjamin-Cummings.

2.  Kent M. Van De Graaff, Stuart Ira Fox. Concepts of Human Anatomy and Physiology. Third Edition. Wm. C. Brown Publishers.

3. Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press.

Интернет-источники:

1. www.alleng.ru 
2. www.anglais.ru
3. www.innerbody.com 
4. www.shutterstock.com
5. www.wikipedia.org

Organs of Digestive System

Mouth. Food begins its journey through the digestive system in the mouth, also known as the oral cavity. Inside the mouth are many accessory organs that aid in the digestion of food—the tongue, teeth, and salivary glands. Teeth chop food into small pieces, which are moistened by saliva before the tongue and other muscles push the food into the pharynx. 

Teeth. The teeth are 32 small, hard organs found along the anterior and lateral edges of the mouth. Each tooth is made of a bone-like substance called dentin and covered in a layer of enamel—the hardest substance in the body. Teeth are living organs and contain blood vessels and nerves under the dentin in a soft region known as the pulp. The teeth are designed for cutting and grinding food into smaller pieces. 

Tongue. The tongue is located on the inferior portion of the mouth just posterior and medial to the teeth. It is a small organ made up of several pairs of muscles covered in a thin, bumpy, skin-like layer. The outside of the tongue contains many rough papillae for gripping food as it is moved by the tongue’s muscles. The taste buds on the surface of the tongue detect taste molecules in food and connect to nerves in the tongue to send taste information to the brain. The tongue also helps to push food toward the posterior part of the mouth for swallowing. 

Salivary Glands. Surrounding the mouth are 3 sets of salivary glands. The salivary glands are accessory organs that produce a watery secretion known as saliva. Saliva helps to moisten food and begins the digestion of carbohydrates. The body also uses saliva to lubricate food as it passes through the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.

Pharynx. The pharynx, or throat, is a funnel-shaped tube connected to the posterior end of the mouth. The pharynx is responsible for the passing of masses of chewed food from the mouth to the esophagus. The pharynx also plays an important role in the respiratory system, as air from the nasal cavity passes through the pharynx on its way to the larynx and eventually the lungs. Because the pharynx serves two different functions, it contains a flap of tissue known as the epiglottis that acts as a switch to route food to the esophagus and air to the larynx.

Esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach that is part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It carries swallowed masses of chewed food along its length. At the inferior end of the esophagus is a muscular ring called the loweresophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter. The function of this sphincter is to close of the end of the esophagus and trap food in the stomach.

Stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac that is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, just inferior to the diaphragm. In an average person, the stomach is about the size of their two fists placed next to each other. This major organ acts as a storage tank for food so that the body has time to digest large meals properly. The stomach also contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that continue the digestion of food that began in the mouth.

Small Intestine. The small intestine is a long, thin tube about 1 inch in diameter and about 10 feet long that is part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. It is located just inferior to the stomach and takes up most of the space in the abdominal cavity. The entire small intestine is coiled like a hose and the inside surface is full of many ridges and folds. These folds are used to maximize the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. By the time food leaves the small intestine, around 90% of all nutrients have been extracted from the food that entered it. 

Liver and Gallbladder. The liver is a roughly triangular accessory organ of the digestive system located to the right of the stomach, just inferior to the diaphragm and superior to the small intestine. The liver weighs about 3 pounds and is the second largest organ in the body. The liver has many different functions in the body, but the main function of the liver in digestion is the production of bile and its secretion into the small intestine. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just posterior to the liver. The gallbladder is used to store and recycle excess bile from the small intestine so that it can be reused for the digestion of subsequent meals.

Pancreas. The pancreas is a large gland located just inferior and posterior to the stomach. It is about 6 inches long and shaped like short, lumpy snake with its “head” connected to the duodenum and its “tail” pointing to the left wall of the abdominal cavity. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to complete the chemical digestion of foods.

Large Intestine. The large intestine is long, thick tube about 2 ½ inches in diameter and about 5 feet long. It is located just inferior to the stomach and wraps around the superior and lateral border of the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and contains many symbiotic bacteria that aid in the breaking down of wastes to extract some small amounts of nutrients. Feces in the large intestine exit the body through the anal canal.

Answer the questions

1. Where does the process of digestion begin?

2. What is the hardest tissue in your body?

3. Why do we need the taste buds?

4. What are the functions of saliva?

5. Why do we need the epiglottis?

6. What is the function of cardiac sphincter?

7. What chemicals digest food in the stomach?

8. Where are nutrients absorbed?

9. What are the functions of liver and gallbladder?

10. What is the function of pancreas?

11. Where does the absorption of water occur?

Тест на знание времени Past Perfect

Выберите правильный вариант

1.      I (wake up) early and got out of bed.

A woke up

B had woken up

2.      I got out of bed an hour later I (wake up).

A woke up

B had woken up

3.      We were late. The meeting (start) an hour before.

A started

B had started

4.      She was the most delightful person I (ever / meet).

A ever met

B had ever met

5.      That morning she (dress), (phone) somebody, and went out.

A dressed, phoned

B had dressed, had phoned

6.      That morning she went out after she (phone) somebody.

A phoned

B had phoned

7.      He was tired because he (work) hard in the garden all day.

A worked

B had worked

8.      The sun (set), it (get) dark, and we went home.

A set, got

B had set, got

9.      The Hills were in a hurry, but they (take) a taxi and managed to arrive exactly on time.

A took

B had taken

10.  The Hills managed to arrive exactly on time because they (take) a taxi.

A took

B had taken

11. I lost the key that he (give) to me.

A had given

B gave

12.  We asked Peter to come with us, but he refused. He (already / promise) to play football with his friends.

A already promised

B had already promised

13.  I saw a nice kitten when I (open) the basket.

A opened

B had opened

14.  After I (write) all my letters, I went to the kitchen to make coffee.

A wrote

B had written

15.  I went downstairs because I (hear) the noise.

A heard

B had heard

Ответы к тесту по грамматике

1.a  2b 3.b  4.b 5.a  6.b  7.b  8.a  9.a  10.b 11.a  12.b  13.a  14.b  15.b