МРПЗ "Легкие. The Past Perfect Tense"
методическая разработка по английскому языку на тему

ГБОУ СПО «Тольяттинский медколледж»

Методическая разработка практического занятия

для преподавателя

«Легкие. The Past Perfect Tense»

Дисциплина «Иностранный язык» (английский)

Специальность: 060604 Лабораторная диагностика (базовая подготовка)

Преподаватель: Семенова Н. В.

Методическая разработка практического

занятия для преподавателя

Тема. Легкие. The Past Perfect Tense. 

Учебные цели.

После изучения данной темы студент должен уметь:

– вести беседу по теме;

– понимать лексические единицы и выражения в потоке речи;

– читать и переводить тексты по изученной теме.

После изучения данной темы студент должен знать:

– строение легких;

– употребление The Past Perfect Tense;

– лексику по теме.

Воспитательные цели. Изучение данной темы:

– стимулирует интерес студентов к обучению в колледже;

– стимулирует самостоятельность студенческого творчества.

– способствует созданию мотивации на продолжение самостоятельного углубленного изучения дисциплины.

В результате освоения данной темы у студента должны формироваться следующие общие компетенции

• ОК 4. Осуществлять поиск и использование информации, необходимой для эффективного выполнения профессиональных задач, профессионального и личностного развития;
• ОК 5. Использовать информационно-коммуникативные технологии в профессиональной деятельности;
• ОК 6. Работать в коллективе и команде, эффективно общаться с коллегами, руководством, потребителями;
• ОК8. Самостоятельно определять задачи профессионального и личностного развития, заниматься самообразованием, осознано планировать повышение своей квалификации.

Общее время занятия – 2 часа.

Место проведения занятия: учебный кабинет колледжа «Иностранный язык».

Оснащение занятия: методическая разработка, раздаточный дидактический материал.

План проведения занятия

Рекомендуемая литература

Основные источники:

1. Воропаева Е.Л. Грамматика английского языка: Учебное пособие по грамматике для самостоятельной работы студентов средних специальных учебных заведений./ Е.Л. Воропаева, Е.А. Бобер, Н.В. Левич. – Омск: ФГОУ СПО ОМК, 2009. – 100 с.
2. Козырева Л.Г., Шадская Т.В. Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ. – «Феникс», 2008. – 320 с.
3. Муравейская М.С. , Орлова Л.К. Английский язык для медиков.- Изд. Флинта, Наука, 2009.- 384 с.

Дополнительные  источники:

1. John Eastwood. Oxford Practice Grammar. Second Edition. Oxford University Press.

2.  Kent M. Van De Graaff, Stuart Ira Fox. Concepts of Human Anatomy and Physiology. Third Edition. Wm. C. Brown Publishers.

3. Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press.

Интернет-источники:

1. www.alleng.ru 
2. www.anglais.ru
3. www.innerbody.com 
4. www.shutterstock.com
5. www.wikipedia.org

Текст

Lungs

Your lungs are one of the largest organs in your body. You have two lungs, but they aren't the same size: the lung on the left side of your body is a bit smaller than the lung on the right. This extra space on the left leaves room for your heart.

Your lungs are protected by your rib cage, which is made up of 12 sets of ribs. These ribs are connected to your spine in your back and go around your lungs to keep them safe. Beneath the lungs is the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle that works with your lungs to allow you to inhale and exhale air.

From the outside, lungs are pink and like a sponge. But the inside contains the real lowdown on the lungs! At the bottom of the trachea there are two large tubes called the main stem bronchi. One heads left into the left lung, while the other heads right into the right lung.

Each main stem bronchus then branches off into bronchi that get smaller and even smaller still, like branches on a big tree. The tiniest tubes are called bronchioles, and there are about 30,000 of them in each lung. Each bronchiole is about the same thickness as a hair.

At the end of each bronchiole are alveoli. There are about 600 million alveoli in your lungs and if you stretched them out, they would cover an entire tennis court. Each alveolus has a mesh-like covering of very small blood vessels called capillaries. These capillaries are so tiny that the cells in your blood need to line up single file just to march through them.

As you breathe in, your diaphragm contracts and flattens out. This allows it to move down, so your lungs have more room to grow larger as they fill up with air. Your rib muscles also lift the ribs to give the lungs more space. At the same time, you inhale air through your mouth and nose, and the air goes down your trachea where cilia move gently to keep mucus and dirt out of the lungs. The air then goes through the series of branches in your lungs, through the bronchi and the bronchioles.

The air finally ends up in the 600 million alveoli. As these millions of alveoli fill up with air, the lungs get bigger. Alveoli allow oxygen from the air to pass into your blood. Oxygen passes through the walls of each alveolus into the tiny capillaries that surround it. The oxygen enters the blood in the tiny capillaries and travels to the heart. The heart then sends the oxygenated blood out to all the cells in the body.

When it's time to exhale, everything happens in reverse. Now your diaphragm relaxes and moves up, pushing air out of the lungs. Your rib muscles become relaxed and your ribs move in again, creating a smaller space in your chest.

By now your cells have used the oxygen they need, and your blood is carrying carbon dioxide and other wastes that must leave your body. The blood comes back through the capillaries and the wastes enter the alveoli. Then you breathe them out in the reverse order of how they came in — the air goes through the bronchioles, out the bronchi, out the trachea, and finally out through your mouth and nose. Now you know the process of respiration.

Answer the questions

1. Why is your left lung smaller than the right one?

2. How are your lungs protected?

3. How many bronchioles do we have?

4. What keeps mucus and dirt out of the lungs?

5. Where does gas exchange happen?

6. What grammar tenses are used in this text?

The past perfect

A   Introduction

I felt really tired when I took the train to work yesterday because Sarah and 1 had been to a party the evening before. We hadn't gone to bed until after one. I hadn't been on the train long when I had a bit of a shock. I suddenly realized that I'd left my wallet at home. Then I began to wonder. Had I left it in the office the day before? I just couldn't remember. I wanted to go back to bed. I felt awful.

The situation is in the past (I took the train ... I felt tired ...). When we talk about things before this past time, we use the past perfect.

Sarah and I had been to a party the evening before.

I'd left my wallet at home.

We are looking back from the situation of the train journey to the earlier actions - going to a party and leaving home without the wallet.

Here are some more examples of the past perfect. It was twenty to six. Most of the shops had just closed.

I went to the box office at lunch-time, but they had already sold all the tickets. By 1960 most of Britain's old colonies had become independent.

As well as actions, we can use the past perfect to talk about states.

I felt better by the summer, but the doctor warned me not to do too much. I'd been very ill. The news came as no surprise to me. I'd known for some time that the factory was likely to close.

B   Form

The past perfect is had + a past participle.

He had enjoyed the party, or He'd enjoyed the party.

They hadn't gone to bed until late.

Where had he put his wallet?

C   Present perfect and past perfect

Compare these examples.

present perfect (before now)                past perfect (before then)

My wallet isn't here. I've left it behind.        My wallet wasn't there. I'd left it behind.

The match is over. United have won.        The match was over. United had won.

That man looks familiar. I've seen him        The man looked familiar. I'd seen him

somewhere before.        somewhere before.

Exercises

1        The past perfect (A)

Read about each situation and then tick the right answer.

►        Two men delivered the sofa. I had already paid for it.

Which came first, a) the delivery, or b) the payment?

Answer: b) the payment.

1. The waiter brought our drinks. We'd already had our soup.
   Which came first, a)  the drinks, or b)  the soup?
2. I'd seen the film, so I read the book.

Did I first a)  see the film, or b)  read the book?

3        The programme had ended, so I rewound the cassette.

Did I rewind the cassette a)  after, or b)  before the programme ended?

4        I had an invitation to the party, but I'd arranged a trip to London.

Which came first, a)  the invitation, or b)  the arrangements for the trip?

2        The past perfect (A-B)

Add a sentence with the past perfect using the notes.

►        Claire looked very suntanned when I saw her last week. (just / be on holiday).

She'd just been on holiday.

1        We rushed to the station, but we were too late.(the train /just / go)

2        I didn't have an umbrella, but that didn't matter. (the rain / stop)

3        When I got to the concert hall, they wouldn't let me in. (forget / my ticket)

4        Someone got the number of the car the raiders used. (steal / it / a week before)

5        I was really pleased to see Rachel again yesterday. (not see / her / for ages)

6        Luckily the flat didn't look too bad when my parents called in. (just / clean/it)

7        The boss invited me to lunch yesterday, but I had to refuse the invitation. (already / eat / my sandwiches)

3        Present perfect and past perfect (C)

Put the verbs in the present perfect (have done) or past perfect (had done).

►It isn't raining now. It's stopped (stop) at last.

►We had no car at that time. We'd sold (sell) our old one.

1. The park looked awful. People         (leave) litter everywhere.
2. You can have that newspaper. I         (finish) with it.
3. There's no more cheese. We        (eat) it all, I'm afraid.
4. There was no sign of a taxi, although I        (order) one half an hour before.
5. This bill isn't right. They         (make) a mistake.
6. I spoke to Melanie at lunch-time. Someone         (tell) her the news earlier.
7. I was really tired last night. I        (have) a hard day.
8. Don't you want to see this programme? It        (start).
9. It'll soon get warm in here. I        (turn) the heating on.
10. At last the committee were ready to announce their decision. They ……                   (make) up their minds.