задания по английскому языку для 10 класса (Формат ЕГЭ) дифференцированное обучение
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (10 класс) по теме

ELEMENTARY

You and your friend want to join one of ecological organizations. Discuss which one is the best to join.

Choose one of the following options that you like most:

• Kids for a Clean Environment
• Greenpeace
• Invasive Specialist Group
• The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
• PETA

- explain the situation
- come up with your ideas
- find out your friend's attitudes and take them into account
- invite your friend to come up with suggestions

You can say about the aims of these organizations,

How effective its activity is,

In which organization you can make yourself most useful.

• come to an agreement

You can ask some questions

1. Who were the founders of Greenpeace?
2. Does (the name of organization) have many supporters?

     3. What is the common mission of (the name of organization)?

      4. What do you know about political activities of (the name of organization)?

        5. What does (the name of organization) focus on?

These words and  expressions can help you in the discussion:  to provide information on environmental issues for children, memberships is free to children and teachers, people for the ethical treatment of animals, animal rights, animals suffer, to reduce threats to natural eco-system, a global group of scientific experts, kindness to animals, queen Victoria gave her permission.

INTERMEDIATE

You and your friend want to join one of ecological organizations. Discuss which one is the best to join.

Choose one of the following options that you like most:

• Kids for a Clean Environment
• Greenpeace
• Invasive Specialist Group
• The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
• PETA

- explain the situation
- come up with your ideas
- find out your friend's attitudes and take them into account
- invite your friend to come up with suggestions

You can say about the aims of these organizations,

How effective its activity is,

In which organization you can make yourself most useful.

• come to an agreement

These words and  expressions can help you in the discussion:  to provide information on environmental issues for children, memberships is free to children and teachers, people for the ethical treatment of animals, animal rights, animals suffer, to reduce threats to natural eco-system, a global group of scientific experts, kindness to animals, queen Victoria gave her permission.

UPPER-INTERMEDIATE
You and your friend want to join one of ecological organizations. Discuss which one is the best to join.

Choose one of the following options that you like most:

• Kids for a Clean Environment
• Greenpeace
• Invasive Specialist Group
• The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
• PETA

- explain the situation
- come up with your ideas
- find out your friend's attitudes and take them into account
- invite your friend to come up with suggestions

You can say about the aims of these organizations,

How effective its activity is,

In which organization you can make yourself most useful.

• come to an agreement

ELEMENTARY

1. Fill in the gaps choosing the best variant.
 
-I think we can’t live without cutting down trees because it 1)… us with wood and paper and space for new roads and buildings.
-Yes, you are right but it 2)… wildlife habitats and 3)… the amount of pollutants and CO2 emissions in the air. So cutting down trees 4)… global warming and climate change.
-May be you right but what do you think of modern transport? It 5)… our towns and cities and 6)… the environment.
-Yes, it’s a problem but modern transport 7)… us time and effort.
 
1.A increases                          B provides                   C improves
2.A destroys                           B builds                       C plants
3.A decreases                         B increases                 C pollutes
4.A cuts down                        B congests                   C causes
5.A congests                           B destroys                   C provides
6.A saves                                B pollutes                   C provides  
7.A causes                              B improves                  C saves

2. Read the text and do the exercises:

сore  - внутренность, ядро, сердцевина                 casualty   - жертва

lid   - крышка                                                             crew    - команда

to  release   - выпускать, освобождать                  to clean up   - прибирать

to deposit   - выпускать                                           to leak    - течь, просачиваться

dust and debris   - пыль и обломки                        to enclose  - вкладывать, огораживать

lack   - недостаток, отсутствие                               flaw   - трещина, изъян

4. Reading: read the text and answer the question. What are the reasons of pollution?

Environmental pollution is the addition of any substance or form of energy (e.g., heat, sound, radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate it by dispersion, breakdown, recycling, or storage in some harmless form.

Pollution of the natural environment is a largely unintended and unwanted consequence of human activities in manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and waste disposal. High levels of pollution are largely a consequence of industrialization, urbanization, and the rapid increase of human populations in modern times.

Pollutants commonly are classified according to the part of the environment primarily affected by them: either the air, water, or land. Subgroupings depend on characteristics of the pollutants themselves: chemical, physical, thermal, and others. Many pollutants affect more than one resource.

A pollutant need not be harmful in itself. Carbon dioxide, for example, is a normal component of the atmosphere and a by-product of respiration that is found in all animal tissues; yet in a concentrated form it can kill animals. Human sewage can be a useful fertilizer, but when concentrated too highly it becomes a serious pollutant, menacing health and causing the depletion of oxygen in bodies of water. By contrast, radioactivity in any quantity is harmful to life, despite the fact that it occurs normally in the environment as so-called background radiation.

Exercise 4/1. Cross out the kinds of pollution which are not mentioned in the text.

1. noise pollution air pollution water pollution
2. land pollution chemical pollution
3. dust pollution thermal pollution light pollution
4. nuclear pollution oil pollution
5. radiation pollution

INTERMEDIATE

Fill in the gaps choosing the best variant.
 
-I think we can’t live without cutting down trees because it 1)… us with wood and paper and space for new roads and buildings.
-Yes, you are right but it 2)… wildlife habitats and 3)… the amount of pollutants and CO2 emissions in the air. So cutting down trees 4)… global warming and climate change.
-May be you right but what do you think of modern transport? It 5)… our towns and cities and 6)… the environment.
-Yes, it’s a problem but modern transport 7)… us time and effort.
 
1.A increases                          B provides                   C improves
2.A destroys                           B builds                       C plants
3.A decreases                         B increases                 C pollutes
4.A cuts down                        B congests                   C causes
5.A congests                           B destroys                   C provides
6.A saves                                B pollutes                   C provides  
7.A causes                              B improves                  C saves

2. Read the text and do the exercises:

сore  - внутренность, ядро, сердцевина                 

lid   - крышка                                                             

4. Winters in the northern regions of North America present a real challenge to animals living in this region.

List and briefly describe four strategies for surviving the winter cold.

5. Reading:

5/1Read the text about pollution and make up its plan

Environmental pollution is the addition of any substance or form of energy (e.g., heat, sound, radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate it by dispersion, breakdown, recycling, or storage in some harmless form.

Pollution of the natural environment is a largely unintended and unwanted consequence of human activities in manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and waste disposal. High levels of pollution are largely a consequence of industrialization, urbanization, and the rapid increase of human populations in modern times.

Pollutants commonly are classified according to the part of the environment primarily affected by them: either the air, water, or land. Subgroupings depend on characteristics of the pollutants themselves: chemical, physical, thermal, and others. Many pollutants affect more than one resource.

A pollutant need not be harmful in itself. Carbon dioxide, for example, is a normal component of the atmosphere and a by-product of respiration that is found in all animal tissues; yet in a concentrated form it can kill animals. Human sewage can be a useful fertilizer, but when concentrated too highly it becomes a serious pollutant, menacing health and causing the depletion of oxygen in bodies of water. By contrast, radioactivity in any quantity is harmful to life, despite the fact that it occurs normally in the environment as so-called background radiation.

Exercise 5/3. Cross out the kinds of pollution which are not mentioned in the text.

1. noise pollution air pollution water pollution
2. land pollution chemical pollution
3. dust pollution thermal pollution light pollution
4. nuclear pollution oil pollution
5. radiation pollution

Exercise 5/4. Answer the following questions.

1. What pollutants are mentioned in the text? Which of them are harmful to life in any quantity? Which are harmful only in concentrated form?

2. How does the environment accommodate substances and forms of energy?

Exercise 5/5. Match the columns.

Consequence                         actions

activity                                 contemporary

waste  disposal                        result

rapid                                       have effect

modern                                       dumping

affect                                              fast

UPPER - INTERMEDIATE

Fill in the gaps choosing the best variant.
 

1. Read the text and do the exercises:

4. Winters in the northern regions of North America present a real challenge to animals living in this region.

 List and briefly describe four strategies for surviving the winter cold.

 Also provide an example of animal utilizing this strategy.

5. Reading:

5/1 Compare your definition of pollution with one from the text

5/2 Read the text about pollution and make up its plan

Environmental pollution is the addition of any substance or form of energy (e.g., heat, sound, radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate it by dispersion, breakdown, recycling, or storage in some harmless form.

Pollution of the natural environment is a largely unintended and unwanted consequence of human activities in manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and waste disposal. High levels of pollution are largely a consequence of industrialization, urbanization, and the rapid increase of human populations in modern times.

Pollutants commonly are classified according to the part of the environment primarily affected by them: either the air, water, or land. Subgroupings depend on characteristics of the pollutants themselves: chemical, physical, thermal, and others. Many pollutants affect more than one resource.

A pollutant need not be harmful in itself. Carbon dioxide, for example, is a normal component of the atmosphere and a by-product of respiration that is found in all animal tissues; yet in a concentrated form it can kill animals. Human sewage can be a useful fertilizer, but when concentrated too highly it becomes a serious pollutant, menacing health and causing the depletion of oxygen in bodies of water. By contrast, radioactivity in any quantity is harmful to life, despite the fact that it occurs normally in the environment as so-called background radiation.

Exercise 5/3. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the reasons of pollution?

2. What pollutants are mentioned in the text? Which of them are harmful to life in any quantity? Which are harmful only in concentrated form?

3. How does the environment accommodate substances and forms of energy?

4. What are the pollutants which affect more than one resource?

Exercise 5/5. Give the synonyms to these words

Consequence                        

activity                                

waste  disposal                        

rapid                                      

modern                                      

affect                                              

ELEMENTARY

Choose the right variant of the tense

1. A) has been already made B) has already made
2. A) have set up                   B)set up
3. A) have been held              B) have held    C) hold
4. A) has been set                   B) has set        C) set
5. A) have to be                      B) must be       C) can be

Upper-intermediate

Put the verb in the correct form.

Since ancient times Nature (to serve) Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people (to live) in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches (unlimited). But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature (to begin) to increase. Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises (to appear) all over the world today. Many products of their activity (to pollute) the air we breathe, the water we (to drink), the land we (to grow) grain and vegetables on.

Environmental protection is of a universal concern. Some progress already ( to make) in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO – (to set up) environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences (to hold) by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre (to set up) on Lake Baikal. The international organization Greenpeace (to be) also doing much to preserve the environment. But these (to be) only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations. 

INTERMEDIATE

1. Choose the right variant of the tense

2. Put the verb in the correct form.

Environmental protection is of a universal concern. Some progress already ( to make) in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO – (to set up) environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences (to hold) by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre (to set up) on Lake Baikal. The international organization Greenpeace (to be) also doing much to preserve the environment. But these (to be) only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations. 

Elementary

1. In the discussion, the professor briefly explains the process that breaks down the ozone layer. Indicate whether each of the sentences is a step in the process of ozone depletion.

2. Why is the professor cautious in her prediction of the future? 
   
   She is not certain everyone will comply with the international agreements.
   She doesn't think the CFCs will disperse without some assistance.
   She doesn't believe the ozone layer can recover from the environmental abuse.
   She doesn't know if alternatives to CFCs are acceptable.

4. According to the discussion, which of the following are contaminants? 

Choose 2 answers.

Dry-cleaning components
Nitrogen fertilizers
Oxygen atoms
Ultraviolet light

Intermediate

1. In the discussion, the professor briefly explains the process that breaks down the ozone layer. Indicate whether each of the sentences is a step in the process of ozone depletion.

2. Answer the question. Why is the professor cautious in her prediction of the future? 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. According to the discussion, which of the following are contaminants? Choose 2 answers and you should fill in the gaps with missing words.  Prove your answer.

Dry-cleaning components
Nitrogen fertilizers
Oxygen atoms
Ultraviolet light

Upper-Intermediate

1. In the discussion, the professor briefly explains the process that breaks down the ozone layer. Fill in the gaps with missing words.

Artificial chemicals called_________    are released into the_______ during the production of goods. 

For ________reasons, CFCs continue to be used in some ___________  of the world. 

  _________combines with CFCs, causing the depletion of the ozone layer.

The use of products containing CFCs allows CFCs __________the atmosphere. 

______________is able to reach the Earth's surface and damage DNA.

2. Why is the professor cautious in her prediction of the future? 
   
   She is not certain everyone will comply with the international agreements.
   She doesn't think the CFCs will disperse without some assistance.
   She doesn't believe the ozone layer can recover from the environmental abuse.
   She doesn't know if alternatives to CFCs are acceptable.

3. According to the discussion, which of the following are contaminants? Choose 2 answers and you should fill in the gaps with missing words.  Prove your answer.

_______ components
Nitrogen _________
Oxygen ___________
______________ light