Как написать эссе? (подготовка к ЕГЭ)
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (11 класс) на тему

Writing an Essay

Model 1

  1. Introduction.

          2. Arguments “for”.

                 3. Arguments “against”.

4. Conclusion.    

1.  Начните с общего представления темы:

   For some years now there has been a growing debate about the advantages and disadvantages of ... (keeping animals in zoos).

  The problem of ... is / has always been ...

  The phenomenon of ... appears to be / has always been ...

   People always say / have always said / (thought, believed, agreed ...

   It is a controversial / (burning, hot) question ...

  There is   a discussion / no agreement ...

   In today’s world ... (of fierce competition), it is important ...

  и предложения, выражающего её двойственный характер:

     It can be regarded as ... (a step in the right direction)  though it is also not without its problems /(but not without its problems).

2. Основная часть.

1). Представьте аргументы «за»:

    To begin with ...

    Firstly, ... . Secondly,...

    It may be said that ...

    One major advantage is ... / The benefit of it is ...

    It cannot be denied that ...

    As far as the advantages  of  ... (living in a big city ) are concerned, these are ...

    In its favour, ... (the gap year) seems to be useful as it ... ( helps young people understand their needs and interests better ...)

   In addition, ... / It may sound corny... but...

   Besides, ...

   Moreover, .../ There is one other thing to remember ...

   What is more, ...

   For all these reasons,  ... (the gap year can be regarded as a positive social institution.)

   Thus, ...

2). Представьте аргументы «против»:

 On the other hand, ...

 There is another side to the problem of ...

 However, ...

 Despite this / In spite of this ...

 There are a number of disadvantages / drawbacks / downsides ...

 Moreover, ... (etc.)

 Apart from that, ... unfortunately... (not every young person can afford to travel around the world).

 In fact, ... It is surprising that ...

3. Заключение.

All in all, ...

To sum up, ... In general, ...

In conclusion, ... / To conclude ... All things considered, one has to conclude that ...

It seems important to remind that ...

The problem (issue, debate) is far from solving yet, but ...

One can only hope ... (they will use it fruitfully, minimizing the danger and taking full advantage of benefits).

Writing an Essay

Model 2

1. Introduction (state the problem).

2. Express your opinion and give reasons for it.

3. Give other people’s arguments and explain why they are wrong.

4. Conclusion.

1.  Введение.

There are so many differing views on / possible approaches to ...

Some people believe /think ... . Others say that ...

For some years now there has been a growing debate about advantages and disadvantages of ... (keeping animals in zoos).

There is no agreement ... The problem / question has always been ...

People always say / have always said (thought, believed, argued, agreed) ...

I have always wondered if / why / whether ...

Let me begin with a famous quote / an old proverb ...

As an English saying (proverb ) goes (runs) ...

I think old pieces of wisdom are right.

2. Основная часть.

1). Вырази своё мнение и представь основания.

It seems to me ...

I believe / think ...

In my opinion ...

In the first place, I think ...

First of all ...

One major advantage is ...

 In its favour, ...

Besides, ... Moreover, ...

I am fully aware that ... / It cannot be denied that ...

It strikes me that ... / It is surprising that ...

Perhaps paradoxically, ... (the gap year may have some educational aims.)

2). Представь аргументы других людей и объясни, почему они не правы.

 I am surprised to hear what other people say about it.

From the viewpoint of other people...

I am really worried about other people’s opinion of this problem.

I don’t think they are right because ...

I am sorry to say it but they are not right because ...

What I would also like to mention is ...

Perhaps, on the one hand, they are right. But don’t you think that ...?

I can’t but argue with them about this point because .../ I can’t agree with their point of view...

3. Заключение.

 All in all, I believe ... /All things considered, one has to conclude that ...

And so, coming back to ... ( they have the chance of becoming not only more ..., but also more ...)

Surely, it would be impossible to give full justice to this issue / question.

To come back to the point raised at the beginning, ...

However, it must be added ...

Thus the ... can be regarded as  ...but it is also not without its problems.

                                          MOBILE   PHONES: for and against.

 Almost everyone these days has a mobile phone and many of us would be unable to live without it. They are really helpful in our busy life. However, there are people who argue that we should not use mobiles whenever we like.

There is no doubt that mobile phones are extremely useful. This is particularly true when you need to contact someone and no ordinary phone is available. For example, if your car has broken down and you need assistance, having a mobile might mean that you don’t have to leave the car and walk a long way to find help. Moreover, mobiles give us a unique freedom of communication and help solving numerous problems.

On the other hand, there are many situations when mobiles can cause problems for other people. If you are in the cinema for instance, a mobile ringing can be extremely annoying. There are also places, such as in class at school, where it would be disrespectful to have a mobile switched on. A further argument against it is that mobiles damage our health. Most scientists, however, believe that this is not the case.

To conclude, mobile phones make our life easier in many ways. In my opinion, there are situations when using a mobile is not appropriate and we should always think of other people before deciding whether to have our phone switched on or off. Although some people believe mobiles are bad for our health, I don’t think there should be a reason for restricting their use.