Напильники и инструменты опиливания
материал по английскому языку

Pre-reading task

Learn this:

a- edge; b- face; c- handle

Let’s translate these sentences:

1. When filing convex surfaces one uses a half-round file.2.  A file is an instrument having teeth on its face. 3. Files are tools belonging to the group of locksmith's cutting instruments.4.  A file has a great number of fine cutting teeth. 5. Depending on the shape of the surfaces to be filed various kinds of files are used. 6.  Flat files are not used for filing round holes. 7. Knife files are not used for filing soft metals, but rasps are used. 8. Diamond-shaped files are used for filing metal in narrow, places.

Read the text:

FILING AND FILING TOOLS

Filing is the most widely used fitting operation used for cutting metal by means of a tool known as a file. By means of a file it is possible to give a different shape and size to a workpiece, to fit one part to another, etc.

The most widely used operations with a file are: (1) filing separate surfaces, (2) filing mating surfaces, (3) filing holes.

A file is a hardened steel bar having a great number of fine cutting edges or teeth.

There are various kinds of files applied for finishing different workpieces depending on the shape of their surfaces

Flat files are used for filing flat surfaces .

For filing convex and concave surfaces half-round files are used.

Square files are applied for filing square holes and rectangle grooves, while triangular or three-square files are used for filing angles.

Round files are used for filing round holes of small diameters, and for filing metal in narrow plates diamond shaped files , or knife files are used.

For filing soft metals rasp files or rasps are employed.

1. Supply antonyms for the following words:

flat, convex, soft, different

2. Give the derivatives from the following words and translate them into Russian:

to differ, to operate, file, to fit, diagonal, to finish, to separate

3. Giving answers to the following quest ions describe Fig. 9:

1. What is a file? 2. What principal parts does a file consist of? 3. In what cases is a square file used? 4. Which file is used for filing angles'? 5. What material are diamond-shaped files made of? 6. In what cases are knife files used?

4. Are these statements true or false?

1. Files are tools used in chipping.  2. Files are tools used in chipping. 3. Round files are used for filling square holes. 4. Triangular files are used for filling angles. 5. Rasp files are used for filling metal in narrow places. 6. Square files are used for filling flat surfaces. 7. Flat files are used for filing flat surfaces 8. Round files are used for filling square holes