Работа с текстом
материал по английскому языку (9 класс)

1. Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

THE ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES

1. OPEC (the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) was created in 1960 by Iran, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. At that time the oil industry was still dominated by foreign oil companies operating in those countries. The governments of countries where the oil was found only received a share of these companies’ profits. Despite the increase of world demand for oil, the price continued to drop. OPEC was formed to protect the interests of oil-producing countries. It is a cartel, that is, a club of producers. Members realized that they could get a fairer price for their oil by agreeing on how much oil to supply to the market. The law of supply and demand would do the rest. During the 1960s, OPEC gradually increased its influence. In the early 1970s, it caused a large increase in the price of petroleum by limiting production.

2. Currently there are eleven members, although countries do join and leave. Nowadays, OPEC has less influence over oil prices as there have been discoveries by non-OPEC countries. Nevertheless OPEC members still control almost half of the world’s supply. From the early days of oil, through to the 1970s, American and British oil companies controlled the oil industry. Understandably, OPEC members wanted to take back control of the industry from the foreign oil companies that operated on their territory.

Iran had already done this in 1951. By the mid-1970s the rest of OPEC had either completely nationalized their oil industries or had a majority control of their petroleum industry.

3. The ‘Seven Sisters’ were the most important companies and controlled most of the oil-wealth of the world. They were given this name by the Italian oil executive Enrico Mattei. The Seven Sisters were the members of a consortium that was created to reintroduce Iranian oil to the market after nationalization. They were Standard Oil of New Jersey, Royal Dutch Shell, Anglo Persian Oil Company, Standard Oil of New York, Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil, Texaco.

4. However, since then, the power of these countries has declined as oilproducing countries have claimed the industry as their own. In addition, new discoveries and new companies have changed the face of the oil and gas industry. According to the Financial Times newspaper, the new Seven Sisters are (listed in order of importance): Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia), Gazprom ( Russia), CNPC (China), NIOC (Iran), PDVSA (Venezuela), Petrobras (Brazil), Petronas (Malaysia).

2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз:

1. доля доходов компании

2. несмотря на рост

3. нефтедобывающие страны

4. более справедливая цена на нефть

5. цены продолжали падать

6. ограничивая производство

7. защищать интересы

8. власть этих стран уменьшилась

9. изменили лицо нефтегазовой отрасли

10. полностью

1. a share of profits
2. despite the increase
3. an oil-producing countries
4. a fairer price for their oil

5. the price continued to drop
6. by limiting production
7. to protect the interests
8. the power of these countries has declined
9. have changed the face of the oil and gas industry
10. completely

(С) Письменно переведите на русский язык абзацы 2,3 из текста А.

 (2) В настоящее время насчитывается одиннадцать членов, хотя страны присоединяются и уезжают. В настоящее время ОПЕК имеет меньшее влияние на цены на нефть, поскольку были найдены месторождения странами, не входящих в ОПЕК. Тем не менее члены ОПЕК по-прежнему контролируют почти половину мировых поставок. С первых дней нефти, вплоть до 1970-х годов, нефтяная промышленность контролировалась американскими и британскими нефтяными компаниями. Понятно, что члены ОПЕК хотели вернуть контроль над отраслью у иностранных нефтяных компаний, которые работали на их территории.

Иран уже делал это в 1951 году. К середине 1970-х годов остальная часть ОПЕК либо полностью национализировала свою нефтяную промышленность, либо контролировала большую часть своей нефтяной промышленности.

(3) "Семь сестер" были наиболее важными компаниями и контролировали большинство нефтяных богатств мира. Такое название им дал итальянский сотрудник нефтяной компании Энрико Маттеи. Семь сестер были членами консорциума, который был создан для повторного вывода иранской нефти на рынок после национализации. Это были Standard Oil of New Jersey, Royal Dutch Shell, Anglo Persian Oil Company, Standard Oil of New York, Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil, Texaco.