Презентация к уроку на тему "Олимпийские игры" (Olympic Games)
презентация к уроку по английскому языку

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Olympic games Moscow 2020 Преподаватель английского языка: Блохина Тамара Самвеловна

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Content Slide 3 - History of the Olympic games Slide 4 - Ancient Olympic games Slide 5 - Revival of the Olympic idea Slide 6 - Modern Olympic games Slide 7 - Traditional rituals of the Olympic games Slide 8 - Olympic records and achievements Slide 9 - Russia at the Olympic games Slide 10 - Women at the Olympic games Slide 11 - First broadcast of the Olympic games Slide 12 - The birth of the Paralympic movement Slide 13 - Protest against racism Slide 14 - North and South Korea were held together at the opening ceremony Slide 15 - Crossword Slide 16 - The answers to the crossword

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History of the Olympic games The Olympic games are the largest international sports competitions of our time, which are held every four years. The tradition that existed in ancient Greece was revived at the end of the XIX century by the French public figure Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic games, also known as the Summer Olympics, have been held every four years since 1896, with the exception of years that fell during the world wars. In 1924, the Winter Olympic games were established, which were initially held in the same year as the summer games. However, since 1994, the time of the winter Olympic games has been shifted by two years relative to the time of the summer games.

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Ancient Olympic games The Olympic games of Ancient Greece were a religious and sporting event held in Olympia. Information about the origin of the games is lost, but there are several legends describing this event. The first documented celebration dates back to 776 BC, although it is known that the games were held earlier. For the duration of the games, a sacred truce was declared, during which time it was impossible to wage war, although this was repeatedly violated. The Olympic games significantly lost their significance with the arrival of the Romans. After Christianity became the official religion, games were seen as a manifestation of paganism and in 394 ad they were banned by Emperor Theodosius I.

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Revival of the Olympic idea Even after the ban on ancient competitions, the Olympic idea did not disappear for good. For example, in England during the XVII century, "Olympic" competitions and competitions were repeatedly held. Later, similar competitions were organized in France and Greece. However, these were small events that were, at best, regional in nature. The first true predecessors of the modern Olympic games are the "Olympias", which were held regularly in the period 1859-1888.At the Congress held on June 16-23, 1894 in Paris, Pierre de Coubertin presented his thoughts and ideas to the international public. On the last day of the Congress, it was decided that the first Olympic Games of modern times should be held in 1896 in Athens, the parent country of the Games-Greece. The international Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded to organize the Games. The first modern Games were really very successful. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes (14 countries) took part in the Games, the Games were the largest sporting event ever held since Ancient Greece. Baron Pierre de Coubertin

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Modern Olympic games The games are held in the first year of the Olympics (a 4-year period between games). The Olympics have been counted since 1896, when the first Olympic games were held. The Olympiad gets its own number in cases when the games are not held. The symbol of the Olympic games is five fastened rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement, the Olympic rings. The color of the rings in the upper row is blue for Europe, black for Africa, red for America, yellow for Asia, and green for Australia in the lower row. In addition to Olympic sports, the organizing Committee has the right to include in the program demonstration competitions in 1-2 sports not recognized by the IOC. In the same year as the Olympics, since 1924, the winter Olympic games are held, which have their own numbering. Since 1994, the dates of the winter Olympic games have been shifted by 2 years relative to the summer ones.

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Traditional rituals of the Olympic games lighting of the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the flame is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by the torch relay of athletes to the host city of the Games); reciting the Olympic oath on behalf of all participants of the games by one of the outstanding athletes of the country where the Olympics are taking place; taking an oath of impartial judging on behalf of judges; awarding of medals to the winners and prize-winners of competitions; raising the national flag and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners. Since 1932, the host city has been building the "Olympic village" - a complex of residential facilities for participants of the games. According to the Charter, the Games are competitions between individual athletes, not between national teams. The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable and desirable in the career of an athlete in those sports in which Olympic tournaments are held. The exception is football, since the title of world champion in this sport is much more prestigious.

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Olympic records and achievements In 1896, the first Olympic champion was the American James Connolly, who won the competition in the triple jump; 1900 the youngest Olympic champion was Marcel Depel , who was not yet 10 years old. He was the coxswain on the two-man swing team of the Netherlands; 1912 Swedish shooter Oskar Svan won his third gold medal at the age of 64. His son, Alfred, also has three Olympic gold medals; In 1952, for the First time, a husband and wife competing in different types of programs received gold medals at the same Olympics; In 1956, the record holder of the Games was gymnast Larisa Latynina , who won 4 gold medals. At the two subsequent Games, she received 5 more gold awards, becoming the winner of the largest number of Olympic gold awards; 1968 Romanian Lia Menoliu won the" gold " in the discus throw. In total, she participated in five Olympic Games; 1972. American Mark Spitz set the Record for all Olympic games in swimming - 7 gold medals.

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Russia at the Olympic games Russia took part in 19 summer and 15 winter Olympic games, but represented different States: the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation. At the first Olympic games in 1896, Russian representative General Butovsky was a member of the IOC, but Russian athletes have not yet participated in the games. Russia first participated in the Olympic games in 1900 at the Paris summer Olympics. Among Russian athletes, the first Olympic gold medal was won in 1908 by figure skater Nikolai Panin-Kolomenkin at the IV Olympic games in London. Soviet athletes participated in the summer Games, starting with the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki (Finland), and in the winter games - from the 1956 Olympics in Cortina d'ampezzo (Italy).After the collapse of the Soviet Union at the 1992 summer Olympics in Barcelona and the 1992 winter Olympics in Albertville (France), athletes from Russia, as well as other CIS countries, were part of a unified team and competed under a common flag. Since the 1994 winter Olympics in Lillehammer (Norway), Russian athletes have competed in a separate team under their own flag.

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Women at the Olympic games The Olympic games were revived in a relatively modern form at the end of the XIX century. Women first took part in them in 1900 and were only allowed to compete in five sports: tennis, croquet, horse riding, Golf and sailing. There were 22 women among 997 Olympic athletes. Over time, there were more female athletes at the Olympics: while in the 1928 games women made up 10 % of the total number of athletes, by 1960 this figure had increased to 20 %. The first woman joined the IOC Executive Committee only in 1990. After that, in 1991, the IOC made a historic decision: now women's competitions should be held in all sports that are included in the program of the Olympic games. But it is too early to talk about full gender equality: at the Sochi Olympics, women made up 40 % of the total number of participants. In some countries, it is still difficult for women to participate in the Olympic games: for example, in Saudi Arabia, women were only allowed to compete in 2012.

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First broadcast of the Olympic games The 1936 Berlin Olympics were first broadcast on television: 25 special rooms were opened in Berlin where the Olympic games could be watched for free. The 1960 Olympic games were broadcast in Europe and the United States: every evening, after the end of the competition, a recording of the games was sent to new York, and then it was shown on CBS. Television broadcasts have changed the Olympic games: now it is not just a sporting event, but also an expensive show — the opening and closing ceremonies of the games interest the audience almost more than the competition itself, and the teams ' uniforms are provided by famous brands and designers.

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The birth of the Paralympic movement On July 29, 1948, the opening day of the Olympic games in London, neurosurgeon Ludwig Guttman , at the request of the British government, organized sports competitions for world war II veterans with spinal cord injuries on the grounds of Stoke Mandeville hospital. Since then, the Stoke-Mandeville games have been held annually, and in 1952 they became international: former military personnel from the Netherlands took part in them. Eight years later, in 1960, the Stoke Mandeville games were held for the first time in the same city where the Olympics were held, in Rome; the competition was called the "First Paralympic games". Now the Paralympic games are held in the same year and on the same sports grounds as the Olympics. 4,237 athletes from 164 countries took part in the London 2012 Paralympic games.

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Protest against racism Although the Olympic games are considered a political-free event, political statements are not uncommon at competitions. At the Olympic games in Mexico city in 1968, track and field athletes Tommy Smith and John Carlos, who set a world record in the 200 meters, staged a protest. Athletes wore badges of the Olympic project for human rights to the award ceremony. They took their shoes off and wore black socks on the podium to show how poor the African-American population is. When the anthem played, the athletes lowered their heads and raised their black-gloved fists in protest against racism in the United States. It is not known who exactly had the idea: both athletes later claimed that they offered to raise their fists up. The IOC criticized the actions of Smith and Carlos, calling their actions "a deliberate and gross violation of the fundamental principles of the Olympic spirit." The press was also outraged, and the athletes were expelled from the team. At home, Smith and Carlos also faced harsh condemnation. But despite all the warnings and bans, protests at the Olympics continued: the winners of the 400-meter race went to the award ceremony in black berets.

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North and South Korea were held together at the opening ceremony Since ancient times, one of the main messages of the Olympic games is that sports competitions should bring peace. At the opening ceremony of the Olympic games in Sydney in 2000, this idea was implemented by North and South Korea: the delegations of the countries marched together, under a common flag that depicted the Korean Peninsula. The flag was carried by South Korean basketball player Jung sung — Chun and Park Jong-Choi, a judoka from North Korea. The countries also went together at the opening ceremonies of the Olympic games in 2004 in Athens and in 2006 in Turin — but decided to split again in 2008.

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Crossword Horizontally: 4. Starting from the 18th century, the losers began to leave life, which served as a rapid development of this sport. Which one? 5. When was the Olympic flame first lit at the stadium in the capital of the Games? 7. Sitius! Altius! … 8. Where is the IOC headquarters? 11. In Ancient Greece, the most popular competitions were the pentathlon. What was it called? 14. Who didn't have the right to be a spectator? Vertically: 1 . What was the minimum distance for running in Olympia called ? One … 2. Name a famous mathematician and philosopher-winner of the ancient Olympic games. 3. What sport traditionally completes the summer Games? 4. In 490 BC, after the battle, a Greek warrior ran 42 km 195 m from the town of Marathon to Athens to tell about the great victory of the Greeks over the Persian army. Tell me his last name. 6. Who was admitted to the Olympic games in Olympia? 9. Translate « daughter of Olympus » into Greek. 12. What were the names of judges and managers of Games in Ancient Greece? 13. Where were the Olympic games held in 1980?

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The answers to the crossword Horizontally: 4. Fencing 5. Amsterdam 7. Fortius 8. Lausanne 11. Pentathlon 14. Women Vertically: Stadium 2. Pythagorean 3. Horse 4. Filipidis 6. Men 9. Olympiad 12. Allatonce 13. Moscow