презентация по теме "В зале суда"
презентация к уроку по английскому языку на тему

Слайд 2

The structure of the courtroom Two types of cases are taken to court, civil and criminal. Civil cases usually deal with disagreements about people's rights and duties toward one another. Criminal cases are brought by the government (either state or federal) against people accused of committing crimes. All courts have the same set and cast of characters.

Слайд 3

The scheme of the courtroom

Слайд 4

The scheme of the courtroom

Слайд 5

The role of the judge in the courtroom It is a person who presides over the courtroom and directs and controls the trial. The judge has the power to make decisions about what happens in this courtroom. The judge makes sure that legal procedures are followed. He / she gives the verdict.

Слайд 6

Education of a judge To be a judge takes a lot of studying, a lot of experience. And we all should be respectful of that knowledge and experience. So whether you’re a lawyer, the person being brought to trial, the court reporter....or a student, we all rise to show our respect.

Слайд 7

The courtroom clerk Clerk’s most important role is to keep the schedule for the judge. He / she swears in the jury. He / she asks everyone in the courtroom to rise when the judge enters the courtroom. He / she assists the judge in keeping order in the court. He / she marks all evidence and all submitted papers. He / she tries to make sure that all witnesses, evidence and papers are in place.

Слайд 8

The role of both prosecuting attorney and defense attorney The difference between the prosecuting attorney and the defense attorney is the side that each of them represents.

Слайд 9

Prosecuting attorney (lawyer) A public official who brings the government's case against a person accused of a crime and asks the court to convict that person . It’s attorney’s job to prove that the defendant (the person accused of a crime) is guilty. Before a trial, at what’s called a preliminary hearing, he/she presents evidence to convince the judge that there is what is called probable cause to go on with a case. This means that there is reason to believe that the accused has committed a crime. To do that, the attorney and other lawyers who work with him/her do lots of research to prove that the defendant is guilty. He/she needs to provide sufficient evidence. And he/she also needs to do this to make sure that he/she asks the right questions to prove the government’s case against this individual.

Слайд 10

Defense attorney (lawyer) Defense attorney is the lawyer who defends the accused person . A public defender is appointed if the accused is unable to pay for an attorney. He/she represents the defendant, the person who’s been accused of the crime. Just like the prosecutor it takes a number of years of both education and experience for him/her to be a defense attorney. He/she had to study really hard, take many classes and work hard to be a lawyer. He/she did not only learn in the classroom but a lot from the people that he/she has worked with through the years. He/she represents the defendant and tries to prove that this person is not guilty, or tries to show that the government has not proven that the defendant is guilty of a crime. When we say “not guilty”, we don’t necessarily mean “innocent.” We mean that we did not have enough evidence to show that someone was guilty. Just like the prosecutor, the defense attorney and the people he/she works with need to find all the facts they possibly can. They need to study other cases that have already been tried to find precedents, that is looking at similar cases that had been tried in the past to help solve this case. The defense attorney needs to be prepared to ask good questions so that he/she can make sure that the person he/she represents gets the best counsel possible. Before there is a trial, the accused person appears before the judge to enter a plea on the case. This means that the accused can either plead guilty, not guilty or no lo contendere (neither guilty nor not guilty). It should be noted that many times cases don’t even get to trial. Sometimes the attorney representing the government side of the case and the defense attorney representing the accused reach an agreement. So many cases never actually make it to the courtroom.

Слайд 11

Court reporter His / her role as the court reporter is to take down the exact words that are said during a trial. That means he / she records all the questions of the lawyers, all the statements of the witnesses, and what the judge says. He / she records what is said using the special machine where he / she can record at the rate of about 250 words a minute. From the words that he / she records, he / she produces what’s called a transcript of the trial. If the jury wants to review any of the words spoken, they can ask for a transcript.

Слайд 12

Sheriff's Officer ( Bailiff) - the police officer who maintains order in the court. He/she has to keep order in the court and can remove people who cause disruption in the court. He/she ensures that defendants do not leave the court without signing bonds, bail agreements or community service orders of the court that have been ordered by the Magistrate. He/she calls witnesses into the court and guides them to the witness box.

Слайд 13

a Witness A person who gives the jury information about the case. He / she swears on the Bible or take an affirmation to tell the truth when answering the questions if he / she is not religious. If a witness believes in another religion he / she may take a different oath on a different book . The Police Prosecutor and Defense Lawyer ask him / her questions about the defendant and the crime. He / she sits down during the questioning. “ Do you swear that the evidence you give to the court shall be the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth so help you God? Say I Swear ” The response is “ I swear ”.

Слайд 14

The jury Trial Jury is usually made up of six to twelve people, the jury listens to testimony from both the plaintiff and defendant's side and decides the verdict of a case. The judge gives the jury time to discuss the arguments amongst themselves. One juror will be asked to be the foreperson for the jury. He/she serves as the leader for the jury, tries to keep the discussion on track so that all the facts are presented, and is the person who gives the verdict slip to the clerk who then gives the verdict slip to the judge.

Слайд 15

Defendant The person who is accused of a crime and is being tried.

Слайд 16

Plaintiff The person who accuses another and brings the lawsuit to court.

Слайд 17

Silence! Court is now in session.