Lighthouse of Alexandria
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The lighthouse was built to ensure that ships could safely pass the reefs on the way to Alexandria Bay. At night, they helped in the reflection of the flames , and in the afternoon - a pillar of smoke . Lighthouse stood for nearly a thousand years , but in 796 AD. e . was heavily damaged by the earthquake . Later , came to Egypt , the Arabs tried to restore it , and to the XIV century. height of the lighthouse was about 30 m . At the end of the XV century. Sultan Qaitbay built a fortress on the site of the lighthouse that stands today.
The total height of the lighthouse - 120-140 meters, its light was visible at a distance of 60 km . The lower part is a four-sided prism 60 meters high with a square base side length is 30 m . Indoors store different tools and flat roof decorated on corners huge statues Triton serves as the basis of the average . It was a 40 -foot octagonal prism tower , lined with white marble . The top (third ) part of the lighthouse was built in the form of a cylindrical colonnade - 8 columns bore dome, topped by 8 -meter-high bronze statue of the lord of the seas Poseidon (or a statue of Zeus the Saviour ) .
To maintain the flame required a large amount of fuel . Wood brought a spiral ramp on carts pulled by mules. The flame was a bronze plate , the light is directed into the sea. In 2008 it was suggested that the Lighthouse of Alexandria served as the ancient Greek scientist for one of the first definitions of the radius of the Earth.
By the XII century BC. e . Alexandria Bay has become so muddy that the ships could no longer use it. The lighthouse fell into decay . Bronze plate , serves as a mirror , probably melted into coins . In the XIV century lighthouse was completely destroyed by an earthquake. A few years later its fragments used for the construction of the fortress. The fortress was rebuilt several times later .