Грамматика английского языка в таблицах
учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку на тему

PERSONAL (ЛИЧНЫЕ)

POSSESSIVE (ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ)

Subjective case (имен. пад.)

(кто? что?)

Objective case (косв. пад.)

(кого? кому? чего? чему?)

Relative form (относит. форма)

(ЧЕЙ?)

Absolute form (абсолютная форма без

сущ-ных)

Ед.ч.

I (я)

You (ты)

He (он)

She (она)

It (о не одуш.)

Me (мне, меня)

You (тебе, тебя)

Him (ему, его)

Her (ей, ее)

It (ему, ей, его, ее)

My (мой,-я,-е)

Your (твой,-я,-е)

His (его)

Her (ее)

Its

Mine (мой, -я, -е)

Yours(твой, -я, -е)

His(его)

Hers(ее)

Its

Мн.ч.

We (мы)

You (вы)

They (они)

Us (нам, нас)

You (вам, вас)

Them (им, их)

Our (наш,-а,е,-и)

Your (ваш, -а,-е,-и)

Their (их)

Ours (наш, -а, е, -и)

Yours (ваш, -а, -е, -и)

Theirs (их)

SINGULAR (ед.ч.)

PLURAL (мн.ч.)

Рядом с говорящим

THIS

(эта, этот, это)

f/e: This is a book.

Give me this book.

THESE

(эти)

f/e: These are books.

Give me these books.

На расстоянии от говорящего

THAT

(та, тот, то)

f/e: That is a book.

That book is good.

THOSE

(те)

f/e: Those are books.

Take those books.

SINGULAR (ед.ч.)

PLURAL (мн.ч.)

+ SELF (сам,-а)

Myself

Yourself

Himself

Herself

Itself 

F/e: Do it yourself! (Сделай это сам!)

+ SELVES (сами)

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

f/e: They will do it themselves. (Они сделают это сами.)

PRESENT (наст.)

PAST (прош.)

FUTURE (буд.)

SIMPLE (INDEFINITE)

(простое; неопределенное)

V; Vs

V2

(did)

shall V

will V

CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)

(длительное)

am

             is         V ing are

was Ving

were Ving

shall be Ving

will be Ving

PERFECT SIMPLE

(завершенное простое)

had V3

has V3

  have V3

shall have V3

will have V3

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

(завершенное длительное)

had been V ing

has been V ing

have been V ing

shall have been V ing

will have been V ing

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

PRESENT

PERFECT

PAST PROGRESSIVE

PAST

SIMPLE

FUTURE SIMPLE

Direct speech

(Прямая речь)

V(s)

     am

    is   Ving

    are

has V3

have V3

Was Ving

Were Ving

V2

Shall V

Will V

PAST SIMPLE

PAST CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT

FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST

Indirect speech

(Косвенная речь)

V2

Was Ving

Were Ving

had V3

had been Ving

had V3

should V

would V

(+)

(-), (?)

(-)

(+), (-)

SOME

(некоторый, несколько)

(not) ANY

NO

EVERY

SOMEBODY

(кто-то)

(not) ANYBODY

(никто)

(кто- то)

NOBODY

(никто)

EVERYBODY

(все, каждый)

SOMETHING

(что-то)

(not) ANYTHING

(ничто, ничего)

(что-то)

NOTHING

(ничто, ничего)

EVERYTHING

(все)

SOMEWHERE

(где-то)

(not) ANYWHERE

(нигде, где-то)

NOWHERE

(нигде)

EVERYWHERE

(везде)

POSITIVE

(положительная)

COMPARATIVE

(сравнительная)

SUPERLATIVE

(превосходная)

SHORT

SAD

DRY

WHITE

WONDERFUL

+ ER

SHORTER

SADDER

DRIER

WHITER

MORE WONDERFUL

+ EST

(the) SHORTEST

(the) SADDEST

(the) DRIEST

(the) WHITEST

(the) MOST WONDERFUL

GOOD

BAD

LITTLE

MANY, MUCH

FAR

LATE

OLD

BETTER

WORSE

LESS

MORE

FARTHER, FURTHER

LATTER /LATER

OLDER/ ELDER

(the) BEST

(the) WORST

(the) LEAST

(the) MOST

(the) FARTHEST, FURTHEST

THE LATEST, THE LAST

THE OLDEST/ ELDEST

POSITIVE

(положительная)

COMPARATIVE

(сравнительная)

SUPERLATIVE

(превосходная)

FAST

OFTEN

FASTER

MORE OFTEN

FASTEST

MOST OFTEN

BADLY

WELL
LITTLE
MUCH

FAR

WORSE
BETTER
LESS
MORE
FARTHER, FURTHER

WORST

BEST

LEAST

MOST

FARTHEST, FURTHEST

REMEMBER!

ONLY IN SINGULAR

ONLY IN PLURAL

A MAN – MEN

A WOMAN – WOMEN

A CHILD – CHILDREN

AN OX – OXEN

A GOOSE – GEESE

A FOOT – FEET

A TOOTH – TEETH

A MOUSE - MICE

                                A PERSON – PEOPLE

NEWS

HAIR

ADVICE

KNOWLEDGE

LUGGAGE

FURNITURE

INFORMATION

PHYSICS

TROUSERS

CLOTHES

GOODS

SPECTACLES

SCISSORS

ARCHIVES

CATTLE

ALSO REMEMBER!

Has the same form for singular and plural form

AN ENGLISHMAN- ENGLISHMEN

A FRENCHWOMAN- FRENCHWOMEN

BUT!  A GERMAN- GERMANS

A DEER – DEER

A SHEEP – SHEEP

A SWINE – SWINE

A FISH- FISH

A FRUIT- FRUIT

INDEFINITE (неопределенный)

A, AN

DEFINITE (определенный)

THE

а pen (1-я согласная)

an apple (1-я гласная)

the pen

the books

the meat

the rain

PRESENT (настоящее)

PAST (прошедшее)

FUTURE (будущее)

CAN (могу, умею)

F/e: I can read.

COULD

F/e: I could read when I was 5 years old.

SHALL BE ABLE TO

WILL BE ABLE TO

F/e: I will be able to swim next summer.

MAY

(могу, имею разрешение)

F/e: May I come in?

MIGHT

F/e: He might go home when he had written the task.

SHALL BE ALLOWED TO

WILL BE ALLOWED TO

F/e: John will be allowed to go abroad in few days.

MUST (должен, вынужден))

F/e: You must learn the rules!

I am to go there. – должен, предстоит, (договорились, или такое расписание)

HAD TO

F/e: I had to copy the text twice.

I was to go there.- предстояло

SHALL HAVE TO

WILL HAVE TO

F/e: We will have to read the book again.

SHOULD (следует)

F/e: Jane should go to the library.

OUGHT TO (следует)

F/e: Pete ought to buy this book.

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST

INDEFINITE

be + P II

(Participle II)

      am

is      told

      are

was told

were told

shall be told

will be told

should be told

would be told

CONTINUOUS

be + being P II

  am

is   being told

  are

was being told

were being told

________

_______

PERFECT

have been P II

have been told

has been told

had been told

shall have been told

will have been told

should have been told

would have been told

to see – видеть                                                

to feel – чувствовать                    

to smell – нюхать, пахнуть

to hear – слышать      

to taste – пробовать на вкус, иметь вкус                  

to envy – завидовать

to like - нравиться      

to love - любить

to fear – бояться

to prefer - предпочитать

to hope – надеяться                         to regret – сожалеть to hate – ненавидеть                        

to believe – верить  

to consider – считать

to recognize – узнавать              

to suppose – предполагать

to know – знать

to forget – забывать                

to notice – замечать                  

to think – думать                      

to mean – иметь в виду

to remember – помнить 

to understand - понимать    

to imagine – представлять          

to appear, to seem – казаться    

to belong – принадлежать

to exist – существовать

to have – иметь

to consist –  состоять

to contain – содержать в себе

to own – владеть

to cost – стоить

to depend – зависеть

to weigh - весить

to possess – обладать

SIMPLE TENSES

Types of the sentences

Present

Past

Future

Future-in-the-Past

Positive (+)

I

You         V

We

They

He    

She         V+ es/s

It

E.g. We usually work.

He goes to the Zoo every Sunday.

I

You    

We

They    V +ed/ V2

He    

She    

It

E.g. They worked yesterday.

He went to the Zoo 2 years ago.

I / We    shall  V

You    

They  

He          will  V

She    

It

E.g. We shall work next week.

He will go to the Zoo tomorrow.

I / We   should  V

You    

They  

He        would  V

She    

It

E.g. (He said that) We should work next week.

 He would go to the Zoo the next day.

Negative (-)

I

You      

We         do not V

They

He    

She   does not  V

It

E.g. I don’t like it.

He does not go to the Zoo every Sunday.

I

You  

We

They    did not V

He    

She

It

E.g. I didn’t like it.

He did not go to the Zoo yesterday.

I / We   shall not   V

You    

They  

He        will not   V

She    

It

E.g. I shan’t cook tomorrow.

He will not go to the Zoo tomorrow.

I / We   should not V

You    

They  

He       would  not  V

She    

It

(He said that) We should not work next week.

 He would not go to the Zoo the next day.

Interrogative (?)

            I

Do      you    V

           we

           they

             he    

Does    she     V

              It

E.g. Do you live here?

Does he go to the Zoo every Sunday?

             I

            you    

             we

Did       they   V  ?

             he    

             she    

             It

E.g. Did you live here last year?

Did he go to the Zoo last year?

Shall      I / we V  ?

                you    

                they

Will          he     V  ?

                she    

                It

E.g. Shall we do it tomorrow?

Will he go to the Zoo tomorrow?

Should      I / we V  ?

                you    

                they

Would     he     V  ?

                she    

                It

E.g. Should we do it tomorrow?

Would he go to the Zoo the next day?

Clue words

Usually, always, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year)

Yesterday, last week (month, year), ... ago

Tomorrow, next week (month, year), in

CONTINUOUS TENSES

Types of the sentences

Present

Past

Future

Future-in-the-Past

Positive (+)

I         am

You      

We        are         Ving

They

He    

She       is

It

E.g. I am reading book at 5 o’clock today.

She is doing her homework now.

I        

He            was          Ving   

She        

It

You      

We          were         Ving

They

E.g. When I came they were reading book.

She was doing her homework at 5 o’clock yesterday.

I / We    shall be    Ving 

You    

They  

He          will be     Ving 

She    

It

E.g. When I come they will be reading book.

She will be doing her homework at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

I / We   should be    Ving You    

They  

He       would be    Ving

She    

It

E.g. (He said that) We should be working at 10 o’clock the next day.

 He would be going to the Zoo at this time next day.

Negative (-)

I         am

You      

We       are     not     Ving

They

He    

She      is

It

E.g. I am not reading book.

She is not doing her home task now.

I        

He    

She        was   not   Ving

It

You      

We          were  not  Ving

They

E.g. When I came they weren’t reading book.

She wasn’t  doing her home task at 5 o’clock yesterday.

I / We    shall not be    Ving 

You    

They  

He          will not be     Ving 

She    

It

E.g. When I come they will not be reading book.

She will not be doing her homework at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

I / We  should not be    Ving

You    

They  

He       would not be    Ving

She    

It

E.g. (He said that) We should not be working at 10 o’clock the next day.

 He would not be going to the Zoo at this time next day.

Interrogative (?)

Am      I        

           you      

Are     we          Ving     ?

           they

           he    

Is        she    

           it

E.g. Am I reading book.

Is she doing her home task now?

            I        

           he

Was   she         Ving     ?

            it

             you      

Were    we          Ving     ?

             they

 E.g. Were you reading book?              

Was she doing her homework at 5 o’clock yesterday?

Shall      I / we be    Ving  ?  

                you    

                they

Will          he     be    Ving  ?

                she    

                It

E.g. Shall we be doing it whole day tomorrow ?

Will she be doing her homework at 10 o’clock tomorrow?

Should    I / we be    Ving  ?  

                you    

                they

Would     he     be    Ving  ?

                she    

                It

E.g. Should we be doing it whole day tomorrow?

Clue words

Now, at ... o’clock today, at the moment, still.

When I came..., from... till o’clock yesterday, whole, while

When I come..., from... till o’clock tomorrow, whole, while

PERFECT TENSES

Types of the sentences

Present

Past

Future

Future-in-the-Past

Positive (+)

I

You    

We           have V +ed/ V3

They  

He    

She       has  V +ed/ V3

It

E.g. They have just talked

He has already written a letter.

I

You    

We

They       had V +ed/ V3

He    

She    

It

E.g. They had talked

He had written a letter.

I / We    shall have V +ed/ V3

You    

They  

He          will have V +ed/ V3

She    

It

E.g. He will have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

I / We should have V +ed/ V3

You    

They  

He      would have V +ed/ V3

She    

It

E.g. (He said that) He would have written a letter by 5 o’clock the next day.

Negative

 (-)

I

You        have not V +ed/ V3

We

They  

He    

She    has not   V +ed/ V3

It

E.g. They have never talked about it.

He has not written a letter yet.

I

You    

We

They    had not  V +ed/ V3

He    

She    

It

E.g. They had not talked about it.

He had not written a letter.

I / We  shall not have V +ed/ V3

You    

They  

He      will not  have V +ed/ V3

She    

It

E.g. He will not have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow.

I / We should have V +ed/ V3

You    

They  

He     would not have V +ed/ V3

She    

It

E.g. (He said that) He would not have written a letter by 5 o’clock the next day.

Interrogative (?)

              I        

             you    V +ed/ V3   ?  

 Have    we  

             they

           he

Has    she         V +ed/ V3  ?

            it

E.g. Have they ever talked about it?

Has he written a letter yet?

            I        

           you    

           we  

Had    they    V +ed/ V3   ?

           he

           she        

            it

E.g. Had they ever talked about it?

Had he written a letter yet?

Shall  I / we have V +ed/ V3?  

           you    

           they

Will    he     have V +ed/ V3 ?

          she    

          It

E.g. Will he have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow?

Should I / we have V +ed/ V3?  

             you    

             they

Would  he     have V +ed/ V3 ?

             she    

              It

E.g. Would he have written a letter by 5 o’clock the next day?

Clue words

Just, already, yet, never, ever, recently, for

For, by … o’ clock yesterday, before.

by … o’ clock tomorrow, before

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

Types of the sentences

Present

Past

Future

Future-in-the-Past

Positive (+)

I

You        have been Ving

We

They  

He    

She     has been  Ving

It

E.g. We have been reading since morning.

I

You    

We

They   had been Ving

He    

She    

It

E.g. We had been reading for 2 hours when mother came.

I / We    shall have been Ving

You    

They  

He          will have been Ving

She    

It

E.g. We shall have been reading for 2 hours when they come.

I / We should have been Ving

You    

They  

He          would have been Ving

She    

It

E.g.  (We said that) We should have been reading for 2 hours.

Negative (-)

I

You       have not been Ving

We

They  

He    

She     has not been  Ving

It

E.g. We have not been reading since morning.

I

You    

We

They    had not been Ving

He    

She    

It

E.g. We had not been reading for 2 hours when mother came.

I / We shall not have been Ving

You    

They  

He       will not have been Ving

She    

It

E.g. We shall not have  been reading for 2 hours when they come.

I / We should not have been Ving

You    

They  

He      would not  have been Ving

She    

It

E.g. (We said that)We shall not have been reading for 2 hours.

Interrogative (?)

             I        

Have    you    been Ving?  

             we  

             they

             he

Has      she     been Ving?

              it

E.g. Have we been reading since morning?

             I        

           you    

           we  

Had   they    been Ving?

           he

           she        

            it

E.g. Had we been reading since morning?

Shall  I / we have been Ving?  

           you    

           they

Will    he     have been Ving?

          she    

          It

E.g. Will we have been reading for 2 hours when they come?

Should I / we have been Ving?  

                you    

                they

Would     he     have been Ving?

                she    

                It

E.g. Would we have been reading for 2 hours?

Clue words

since

since

for

for

The verb to be in the Present, Past, Future Tenses

PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE

FUTUTE TENSE

Positive (+)

I – am       (I’m)

You                

We          are    (‘re)

They

He

She         is   (‘s)

It

I am a student.Я (есть) студент.

You are a student.. Ты (есть) студент.

He is a student. Он (есть) студент.

I

She, He        was   (‘s)

It

You

We               were (‘re)

They

I was a student. Я был студентом.

He was a student. Он был студентом.

You were a student. Ты был студентом.

I, We – shall be  (‘ll be)

You

They

He                  will be (‘ll be)

She

It

I shall be a student. Я буду студентом.

He will be a student. Он будет студентом.

You will be a student. Ты будешь   студентом.

Negative (-)

I            am     not  (‘m not)

You      

We         are     not     (aren’t)

They

He    

She        is  not    (isn’t)

It

 E.g. He is not at home.

We are not students.

I        

He    

She        was   not   (wasn’t)

It

You      

We          were  not  (weren’t)

They

E.g. He was not at home.

We were not students.

I / We    shall not be     (shan’t be)

You    

They  

He             will not be      (won’t be)

She    

It

E.g. He will not be at home.

We shall not be students.

Interrogative (?)

Am      I        

           you      

Are     we           ?

           they

           he    

Is        she    

           it

E.g. Is he at home?

Are we students?

            I        

           he

Was   she        ?

            it

             you      

Were    we       ?

             they

E.g. Was he at home?

Were we students?

Shall      I / we    be   ?  

                you    

                they

Will          he       be     ?

                she    

                It

E.g. Will he be at home?

Shall we be students?

Clue words

Today, now, usually, always, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year)

Yesterday, last week (month, year), ... ago

Tomorrow, next week (month, year), in

The verb to have (got) in the Present, Past, Future Tenses

PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE

FUTUTE TENSE

Positive (+)

I

You    

We           have (‘ve ) (got)  

They  

He    

She       has (‘s) (got)  

It

E. g. They have a big house.

He has a new car.

I

You    

We

They       had (‘d) (got)

He    

She    

It

E. g. They had a house.

He had a black car.

I / We    shall have (‘ll have) (got)

You    

They  

He          will have (‘ll have) (got)  

She    

It

E.g. We shall (We’ll) have a big house.

 He will (He’ll) have a new car.

Negative (-)

I

You        have not (haven’t) (got)  

We

They  

He    

She       has not (hasn’t) (got)    

It

E.g. They have not a house.

He has not a new car.

I

You    

We

They    had not (hadn’t) (got)  

He    

She    

It

E.g. They had not a house.

He had not a black car.

I / We   shall not (shan’t) have (got)

You    

They  

He        will not (won’t) have (got)

She    

It

E.g. We shall not have a big house.

 He will not have a new car.

Interrogative (?)

              I        

             you    (got) ?  

 Have    we  

             they

           he

Has    she   (got)  ?

            it

E.g. Have they a house?

Has he a car?

            I        

           you    

           we  

Had    they    (got) ?

           he

           she        

            it

E.g. Had they house?

Had he a black car?

Shall    I / we have   ?  

             you    

             they

Will      he     have (got)?

            she    

             It

E.g. Shall we have a big house?

Will he have a new car?

Clue words

Today, usually, always, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year)

Yesterday, last week (month, year), ... ago

Tomorrow, next week (month, year), in

Prepositions of place and direction

Prepositions

Предлоги

For example

Например

on

на (где? куда?)

on the table (где?)

on the table (куда?)

на столе

на стол

in

в (где?)

The flowers are in the vase

Цветы в вазе.

into

в (куда, во что?)

Put the flowers into the vase

Положи цветы в вазу

to

в (куда?)

to the country

в деревню (загород)

from

из, от, с, у

from the country

from Peter

from the table

из деревни

у Петера

со стола

out of

из (из внутри ч. л.)

out of room

из комнаты

off

с (со) (с поверхности ч.-л.)

off the table

со стола

near, at, by

у, около, за

near (by) the window

at the table

у окна

за столом

behind

позади

behind the house

за домом

under

под

under the bed

под кроватью

in front of

перед

in front of the house

перед домом

among

среди

among the balls (many balls)

среди мячиков

between

между

between the balls (two balls)

между мячиков

in the middle of

в середине

in the middle of the room

в середине комнаты

above

над

above the tree

над деревом

next to

рядом

next to the shop

рядом магазином

on the left

с лева

on the left of the supermarket

с лева от супермаркета

on the right

с права

on the right of the drugstore

с права от аптеки

Prepositions of movement

English

Russian

across the road

через дорогу

through the wood

через лес

across the river

через реку (вплавь, на лодке)

over the river

через реку (по мосту, по воздуху)

over the fence

через забор

along (down) the street

по улице

down (up) the river

по реке

across the sea

по морю

about the town

по городу

about the room

по комнате

along the corridor

по коридору

about the country

по стране

Prepositions of time

English

Russian

at 6 o’clock

at noon

at midnight (at night)

at sunrise (sunset)

в шесть часов

в полдень

в полночь (ночью)

на восходе солнца (на закате)

in spring

in the morning

in the afternoon

in the evening

весной

утром

днем

вечером

in September

в сентябре

in two hours

через два часа

in 2007

в 2007 году

on Monday

в понедельник

on the 1st of September

первого сентября

after dinner

после обеда

before entering the institute

перед (до) поступлением в институт

by 5 o’clock

к пяти часам

since morning

с утра

during the holidays

в течение каникул

from ... (morning) till (until) ... (night)

с … (утра) до … (ночи)

Present Simple Tense

(If- clause)

Future Simple Tense

(Principal  clause)

If Subject+ do/ does

E.g. If she comes in time,

+

Subject+ shall/will+ do

we shall go to the theatre

Past Simple Tense

(If- clause)

Future- in- the Past

(Principal  clause)

If Subject + did

E. g. If she came in time,

+

Subject should/ would +do

we should go to the theatre (сегодня, завтра)

Past Perfect Tense

(If- clause)

Future in the Past + Perfect Tense

(Principal  clause)

If Subject + had done

E.g. If she had come in time,

+

Subject should/ would + have done

we should have gone to the theatre (вчера)

Conjunctions: if, unless, in case, as soon as, when, before, after, till (until), while