Справочный материал по теме: "Английские местоимения. "Any or some ?"
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (5 класс) на тему

Some and any

Some/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where

(a) Обычно some применяют в утвердительном

предложении, а any - в отрицательном и в вопросах

(но обратите внимание на пункты b и d):

- Sue has caught some flies. - We haven't got any money.

- I've got something tasty to eat. - He's busy. He never has any time.

- Let's go somewhere quiet. - She never goes anywhere.

- She refused to do anything.

(b) Any / anyone / anything и т.д. часто используются

после if :

- If there are any calls for me, can you say that I'm not home?

- If anyone has any questions, ask now.

- If you want anything, say it to the servant, he'll do everything.

в предложениях без if, но смысл в них тот же:

- Anyone who wants to get this job must give me their names before

Tuesday. (= if there is anyone who ...)

- I'll welcome any guests that will come to you. (= if there are any)

с В вопросительных предложениях обычно

употребляется местоимение any (а не `some'):

- Have you got any coffee? - Has anybody called me?

Но some часто используется в вопросах, когда

ожидаемым ответом является `yes' :

- What's wrong with him? Has he got some troubles? (= I think

he has got some troubles and I expect you to say `yes')

- She's in a hurry. Is she going out somewhere?

(= She's looking miserable. Isn't she going out anywhere?)

и в вопросах, особенно когда мы предлагаем или

просим о чём-либо:

- Would you like some work? - Can I have some of those vegetables?

(d) Any /anyone /anybody /anything /anywhere могут

означать

it doesn't matter which /who /what /where:

- You can buy any of these suits.

(=неважно который из этих костюмов)

- Call me any time you need. (=неважно когда)

- You can have anything you want for your birthday present.

- She left the child in the street. Anybody could have walked off with it.

- I'd rather go anywhere than stay at home.

- `Tell me a story.' `What story shall I tell?' `Any one. I don't mind.'

(e) Someone /somebody /anyone /anybody используются,

как слова в единственном числе:

- Someone wants to talk with you.

- Is anybody home?

Но часто they / them / their используются после

этих слов вместо he / she :

- If anyone needs to leave , they can. (= he or she can)

- Somebody has spilt their (= his or her) coffee on the carpet.