Презентация на тему: "Forgetting the WAR"("Забытая война")
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (6 класс) по теме

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Forgetting the WAR Учитель английского языка : Кекелева Кристина Викторовна 2014 г.

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Some facts about the WAR World War I ( WWI or WW1 ), also known as the First World War , was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. From the time of its occurrence until the approach of World War II in 1939, it was called simply the World War or the Great War , and thereafter the First World War or World War I. In America it was initially called the European War . More than 9 million combatants were killed ; a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and tactical stalemate. It was the fifth- deadliest conflict in world history, paving the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved

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Arms race German industrial and economic power had grown greatly after unification and the foundation of the Empire in 1871. From the mid-1890s on, the government of Wilhelm II used this base to devote significant economic resources for building up the Kaiserliche Marine ( Imperial German Navy ), established by Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz , in rivalry with the British Royal Navy for world naval supremacy. [23] As a result, each nation strove to out-build the other in terms of capital ships . With the launch of HMS Dreadnought in 1906, the British Empire expanded on its significant advantage over its German rival.The arms race between Britain and Germany eventually extended to the rest of Europe, with all the major powers devoting their industrial base to producing the equipment and weapons necessary for a pan-European conflict.Between 1908 and 1913, the military spending of the European powers increased by 50%.

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Conflicts in the Balkans Austria-Hungary precipitated the Bosnian crisis of 1908–1909 by officially annexing the former Ottoman territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which it had occupied since 1878 . This angered the Kingdom of Serbia and its patron, the Pan-Slavic and Orthodox Russian Empire

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In the east, the Russians invaded with two armies, surprising the German staff who had not expected the Russians to move so early. A field army, the 8th, was rapidly moved from its previous role as reserve for the invasion of France, to East Prussia by rail across the German Empire. This army, led by general Paul von Hindenburg defeated Russia in a series of battles collectively known as the First Battle of Tannenberg (17 August – 2 September). But the failed Russian invasion, causing the fresh German troops to move to the east, allowed the tactical Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne . The Central Powers were denied a quick victory in France and forced to fight a war on two fronts. The German army had fought its way into a good defensive position inside France and had permanently incapacitated 230,000 more French and British troops than it had lost itself. Despite this, communications problems and questionable command decisions cost Germany the chance of early victory

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Confusion among the Central Powers The strategy of the Central Powers suffered from miscommunication. Germany had promised to support Austria-Hungary's invasion of Serbia, but interpretations of what this meant differed. Previously tested deployment plans had been replaced early in 1914, but the replacements had never been tested in exercises. Austro-Hungarian leaders believed Germany would cover its northern flank against Russia . Germany, however, envisioned Austria-Hungary directing most of its troops against Russia, while Germany dealt with France. This confusion forced the Austro-Hungarian Army to divide its forces between the Russian and Serbian fronts. On 9 September 1914, the Septemberprogramm , a possible plan that detailed Germany's specific war aims and the conditions that Germany sought to force on the Allied Powers, was outlined by the German Chancellor , Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg . It was never officially adopted .

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Date 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 ( Armistice ) Treaty of Versailles signed 28 June 1919 (4 years and 11 months) Treaty of Saint- Germain -en- Laye signed 10 September 1919 Treaty of Neuilly- sur -Seine signed 27 November 1919 Treaty of Trianon signed 4 June 1920 Treaty of Sèvres signed 10 August 1920 Location Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands , China and off the coast of South and North America Result Allied victory End of the German , Russian , Ottoman , and Austro -Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations . ( more ... )